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1.
The use of sandhoppers and beachfleas as biomonitors of heavy metals contamination is relatively recent. Using adult individuals of Talitrus saltator from nine localities on the northern Mediterranean Sea, we studied the concentrations of eight trace elements: Al, Cd, Cr, Fe, Hg, Pb, Cu, Zn, both in the substratum and in the individuals. We also carried out a preliminary investigation of the correspondence between the sandhoppers' genetic variability and heavy metal contamination at the sampling sites. T. saltator accumulated Cd, Cu, Zn and Hg (at higher concentrations than in the sand) and also Al and Fe (at lower concentrations than in the sand). It seems that Mediterranean sandhoppers do not accumulate Pb and Cr. An intraspecific comparison between northern European (Baltic) and Mediterranean populations of T. saltator was made. Finally, we observed a tendency to a positive correlation between the sandhoppers' genetic variability and heavy metals contamination.  相似文献   

2.
太湖表层沉积物重金属元素的来源分析   总被引：42，自引：4，他引：38  
根据太湖MS岩芯重金属元素与Al的线性回归分析及元素/Al、V/Al比率散点图变化规律,讨论了太湖沉积物中重金属元素的来源特征。结果表明:20世纪20年代中期以前,重金属元素主要为自然来源;20年代中期—70年代中期,尽管沉积物中Al、Fe、Zn、Mn、V、Cr等重金属元素含量随沉积物粒度变粗而明显下降,但除Hg受到一定程度的人为污染之外,其它重金属元素仍以自然来源为主,物源有所变化;70年代末期以来,沉积物中重金属元素人为污染逐渐加重,Pb、Cu、Zn、Hg、As等元素既有流域母质来源,又受到一定程度的人为污染。  相似文献   

3.
Concentrations of heavy metals were determined in nearshore marine sediments and fish tissue from Sea Lots area on the west coast, at Caroni Lagoon National Park, and in the Point Lisas harbor, Trinidad. The most dominant metals found in sediments were Al, Fe and Zn with mean concentrations highest at Sea Lots (Al-39420 μg/g; Fe-45640 μg/g; Zn-245 μg/g), when compared to sediments from Point Lisas (Al-11936 μg/g; Fe-30171 μg/g; Zn-69 μg/g) and Caroni (Al-0400 μg/g; Fe-19000 μg/g; Zn-32 μg/g), High concentration of Cu, Al, Fe and Zn were also detected in fish tissue from Point Lisas and Caroni. Metal concentrations in fish tissue showed significant correlation with sediment metals concentration, which suggests that tissue levels are influenced by sediment concentration. Of the metals, only Zn, Hg and Cu had a bioaccumulation factor (BAF) greater than one, which suggests a high bioaccumulation potential for these metals.  相似文献   

4.
太湖流域滆湖底泥重金属赋存特征及其生物有效性   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
包先明  晁建颖  尹洪斌 《湖泊科学》2016,28(5):1010-1017
为了探讨太湖流域滆湖底泥重金属(Cd、Cr、Cu、Zn、Ni和Pb)的赋存特征及其生物有效性,对底泥重金属总量、形态以及生物富集量进行了分析.结果表明,6种重金属含量的空间分布表现为北部湖区最高,其次为南部湖区,中部湖区最低,重金属Ni、Cu、Zn和Pb含量显著高于沉积物背景值,分别是背景值的4.77、3.89、2.96和2.76倍,重金属总量与沉积物中的黏土成分含量具有显著相关性.采用三级四部提取法对重金属形态进行分析表明,6种重金属的生物有效态(弱酸结合态、可还原态和可氧化态之和)含量顺序为CdCuZnPbNiCr,其中Cd、Cu、Zn和Pb的生物有效态含量分别占总量的84.15%、78.47%、76.50%和64.29%.Cu和Zn在铜锈环棱螺中富集含量要显著高于其他金属元素.相关性分析表明,6种重金属中仅Cr和Pb的生物富集量与有效态含量具有显著相关性,这表明,重金属在生物体内的富集不仅与有效态含量有关,还与底泥重金属总量有关.因此,评价滆湖重金属的生态风险时需要综合考虑重金属的总量及生物有效态含量.  相似文献   

5.
Suspended sediment adsorbs pollutants from flowing water in rivers and deposits onto the bed. However, the pollutants accumulated in the river bed sediment may affect the bio-community through food chain for a long period of time. To study the problem the concentration of heavy metals （Cr, Cd, Hg, Cu, Fe, Zn, Pb and As） in water, sediment, and fish/invertebrate were investigated in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River during 2006-2007. The concentrations of heavy metals were 100-10,000 times higher in the sediment than in the water. Benthic invertebrates had relatively high concentrations of heavy metals in their tissues due to their proximity to contaminated sediments. Benthic invertivore fish had moderately high concentrations of heavy metals whereas phytoplanktivore fish, such as the silver carp, accumulated the lowest concentration of heavy metals. The concentrations of Cu, Zn, and Fe were higher than Hg, Pb, Cd, Cr, and As in the tissue samples. The concentration of heavy metals was lower in the river sediments than in the lake sediments. Conversely, the concentration of heavy metals was higher in river water than in lake water. While a pollution event into a water body is often transitory, the effects of the pollutants may be long-lived due to their tendency to be absorbed in the sediments and then released into the food chain. The heavy metals were concentrated in the following order： bottom material 〉 demersal fish and benthic fauna 〉 middle-lower layer fish 〉 upper-middle layer fish 〉 water.  相似文献   

6.
Sediments and sponges were collected from various locations along the eastern coast of the Red Sea, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Total concentrations of Cd, Zn, Ag, Cu, Pb, As and Hg in the sediments were measured. Metal contamination was not significant in most of the studied sites and only one site was moderately polluted by Zn, Cu, and Pb. Sponges accumulated specific metals readily even though the metal exposure was low in the ambient environment. Contrasting interspecies differences in metal accumulation patterns were observed among the nine collected species of sponges. Significant positive correlations were found between the metal concentrations in the two species of sponges collected from the same sites. The strong ability to accumulate specific metals and the diversity of sponges that live in the Red Sea coastal areas make them a promising biomonitor of metal contamination in the areas.  相似文献   

7.
Concentration of 7 heavy metals, Zn, Fe, Cu, Cr, Cd, Pb and Ni in mudflat sediments, mangrove root sediments and root tissues of Acanthus ilicifolius, Aegicerus corniculatum and Kandelia candel from the Mai Po Nature Reserve, Northwest Hong Kong, were measured. Metal concentrations in the upper 0–10 cm of the sediment cores from the mudflat were 4–25% higher than those found in the bottom 21–30 cm. Relative Topsoil Enrichment Index approximated 1.0 for all the metals. Mudflat sediment concentrations of Fe, Ni, Cr, Cd and Cu were greater than those found in the mangrove sediments. Except for Fe, concentrations of the other 6 heavy metals were more elevated in the mangrove root sediments than in the corresponding root samples. Higher concentration factors for Zn, Fe and Cu may indicate bioaccumulation. Mean metal concentrations in both mudflat and mangrove sediments decreased in the order Fe > Zn > Pb > Ni > Cu > Cr > Cd. Mangrove root tissues also showed the same pattern except that Pb > Cu > Ni  相似文献   

8.
Removal of Al, As, Cd, total Cr (Tot. Cr), Cu, Total Fe (Tot. Fe), Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Sn, and Zn from urban effluent by wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) operated under five‐stage Bardenpho® process were investigated and water soluble metals in the dewatered sludge were quantified. Samples were collected from two WWTPs on a weekly basis over an approximately 2.5‐year time span. Tot. Fe and Al were the most abundant, As, Pb, Ni, Cu, and Cd were the least abundant metals in the influents of both WWTPs. Removal efficiencies above 75% were achieved for Tot. Cr, Tot. Fe, Al, and Cu, whereas, no significant removal was observed for As, Cd, Pb, Sb, and Sn. Removal of Tot. Cr, Cu, Tot. Fe, Zn, Al, Mn, and Ni were influenced by influent suspended solids concentrations, and of Tot. Cr, Zn, and Cd were influenced by their initial content in the influent. Zn removal efficiency of biological nutrient removal (BNR) system in this study was higher and Cd removal efficiency was lower than that of conventional activated sludge reported in the literature. No remarkable difference for metals such as Cu, Mn, Ni, and Pb was observed between the removal efficiencies of conventional system and BNR system.  相似文献   

9.
A geographic information system (GIS)-based chemometric approach was applied to investigate the spatial distribution patterns of heavy metals in marine sediments and to identify spatial human impacts on global and local scales. Twelve metals (Zn, V, Ni, Mn, Pb, Cu, Cd, Ba, Hg, Fe, Cr and Al) were surveyed twice annually at 59 sites in Hong Kong from 1998 to 2004. Cluster analysis classified the entire coastal area into three areas on a global scale, representing different pollution levels. Backward discriminant analysis, with 84.5% correct assignments, identified Zn, Pb, Cu, Cd, V, and Fe as significant variables affecting spatial variation on a local scale. Enrichment factors indicated that Cu, Cr, and Zn were derived from human impacts while Al, Ba, Mn, V and Fe originated from rock weathering. Principal component analysis further subdivided human impacts and their affected areas in each area, explaining 87%, 84% and 87% of the total variances, respectively. The primary anthropogenic sources in the three areas were (i) anti-fouling paint and domestic sewage; (ii) surface runoff, wastewater, vehicle emissions and marine transportation; and (iii) ship repainting, dental clinics, electronic/chemical industries and leaded fuel, respectively. Moreover, GIS-based spatial analysis facilitated chemometric methods.  相似文献   

10.
Heavy metal (Hg, Pb, Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Co, Zn and Fe) concentrations, textural characters and mineralogical compositions have been determined on 246 surface sediment samples from the Northern Adriatic Italian sea area. The relationship between the heavy metals content and the pelite (< 63 μm fraction) percentage has been studied. All the metals resulted accumulated in the fine fraction with the following percentages (Hg, 95%; Zn, 86%; Pb, 82%; Cu, 79%; Cd, 74%; Ni, 70%; Cr, 65%; Co, 65% and Fe, 64%). The specific surface area has been measured on 44 samples and correlated to metal values. A fairly good (50% and more variation explained) linear correlation co-efficient has been found for Ni and Cu in the entire area, less significant correlation for other metals. In order to discriminate between natural and anthropogenic origin the metal concentrations on the whole sediment has been normalized on the basis of the pelite percentage. In the areal distributions drawn with the corrected values, zones contaminated by industrial discharges have been identified mainly in front of the lagoon of Venice.  相似文献   

11.
乌梁素海大气重金属沉降入湖通量初步估算   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
重金属元素以大气颗粒物为载体,最终以沉降的方式进入湖泊水体,会引起湖泊的重金属污染.为调查大气沉降对乌梁素海重金属污染的贡献,于2013年7月1日至30日围绕乌梁素海进行大气沉降样品采集,分别测定Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Cr、Hg、As 7种重金属元素的含量,并在此基础上估算7月大气重金属沉降通量及入湖量.结果表明,乌梁素海重金属元素大气沉降通量大小依次为:ZnPbCuCrAsHgCd.结合社会调查情况及数据分析显示,大气微粒携带重金属借助风力迁移,较大的沉降通量出现在主风向的下风向区域,说明风向是影响乌梁素海大气重金属沉降通量的主要因素之一.排干输入与大气沉降方式下的乌梁素海重金属入湖量比较发现,大气沉降是除排干输入外湖泊的另一重要重金属污染源.Zn、Pb、Cu、Cr、As、Hg、Cd等重金属元素月入湖量分别为10.6、1.04、1.02、0.833、0.342、0.00514、0.00281t/月.通过估算底泥重金属增量来评价大气沉降对湖泊重金属的贡献表明,大气Hg、Zn、Pb、Cu、As、Cd、Cr等重金属沉降对湖泊贡献率分别为46.4%、44.7%、14.1%、12.0%、8.48%、4.75%、4.03%.  相似文献   

12.
《国际泥沙研究》2016,(2):164-172
The ecological risk assessment for Al,Zn,Cu,Ni,V,Pb,Cd,and Hg in surface sediment collected from the Egyptian Red Sea coast was evaluated using the Geo-accumulation Index(I_(geo)).Sediment Enrichment Factor(SEF) and Potential Ecological Risk Index(PERI) methods.The predominant heavy metal,aluminum,showed high concentrations along both of Aqaba Gulf(4378.8 ± 2554.1 μg/g) and southern part of the Red Sea(2972.8 + 1527.5 μg/g).while it recorded the lowest concentration in Suez Gulf(829.7 ± 398.2 μg/g).The determined heavy metal concentrations had the order of Al Zn -Ni V Pb Cu Cd Hg.The statistical analyses showed some correlations among the heavy metals contents.Several international sediment quality guidelines were used to estimate the quality of the collected sediments.Interestingly,the recorded average heavy metals concentrations were lower than those of the permissible contents for sediment quality guidelines.The Geo-accumulation index calculations(I_(geo)) proved that the investigated region could be classified as an unpolluted area.Sediment Enrichment Factor(K_(SEF)) study showed high values in Suez Gulf region.The single pollution index analysis of heavy metals in the sediments(C~i_f) indicated that Al,Zn,V,and Pb were of natural origin,while Ni,Cd and Hg were seriously affected by human activities.Interestingly,amongst,all the determined heavy metals,Cd and Hg gave moderate ecological risk indicators.  相似文献   

13.
典型小型水库表层沉积物重金属分布特征及生态风险   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  
以典型乡镇水库通济桥水库表层沉积物为研究对象,在分析其中As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb和Zn等有毒、有害重金属分布特征的基础上,分析重金属来源,评价重金属污染程度及其潜在生态危害.结果表明:通济桥水库表层沉积物中,上述8种重金属均存在一定程度的污染,坝前和入库区污染物蓄积更为明显.其中,Hg和Cd的污染范围较广、污染程度较严重.受重金属Hg和Cd的影响,水库表层沉积物存在中等程度的重金属生态危害风险,其中坝前区域已处于强风险等级.为保障水库水体水质安全,防范重金属污染应提到当前水库管理工作的重要位置.  相似文献   

14.
洞庭湖沉积物中重金属污染特征与评价   总被引：31，自引：2，他引：29  
于2003-2004年在洞庭湖湖区采集沉积物样品700个,测定了沉积物中As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb、Zn的含量,并用地积累指数方法和主成分分析法对沉积物中的重金属污染状况进行了评价和分析.结果显示,洞庭湖各子湖区沉积物中Cd、Cr、Cu、Pb、zn的平均含量都属于国家土壤二级标准,AB、Hg、Ni属于国家土壤一级至二级土壤标准;在南洞庭湖与东洞庭湖人湖河流的三角洲的前缘是沉积物重金属积累最高的地点,而在西洞庭湖入湖河流三角洲的后缘沉积物重金属含量比前缘高.采用综合地积累指数法对洞庭湖各子湖区沉积物进行评价,结果表明:南洞庭湖(重污染)>东洞庭湖(偏重污染)>西洞庭湖(中度污染)>大通湖(中度污染)>城陵矶(轻度污染).采用主成分分析法对洞庭湖各子湖区沉积物进行分析,结果表明:南洞庭湖与东洞庭溯第一主成分贡献率分别为55.22%、56.86%,主要支配AS、Cd、Hg、Pb、zn的载荷,而第二主成分贡献率分别为30.04%、33.11%主要支配Cu、Cr、Ni的载荷:西洞庭湖、大通湖和城陵矶因沉积物重金属来源不同,主成分分析结果相差较大.  相似文献   

15.
Surface sediment samples were collected at 21 offshore sites in western Xiamen Bay, Southeast China.Total concentrations of Li, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Sr, Mn,Pb, Ba, Fe, and Ti were determined by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry; Hg was determined by atomic fluorescence spectrometry. A modified BCR sequential extraction procedure was used to extract fractions of the above elements. Concentrations of Pb, Cr, and Hg at most sites met the primary standard criteria of Marine Sediment Quality except site S12 for Pb and S7 for Cr, while concentrations of Zn at 17 sites and Cu at seven sites exceeded the criteria. The mean concentration of Hg was three times higher than the background, with a possible source being the Jiulong River. Fe, Ti, Ba, Co, V, and Li dominated the residual phase, mainly from terrestrial input.Ni, Cr, Pb, and Hg in the non-residual phase varied largely between sites. Sr, Mn, Cu, and Zn were mainly in the nonresidual fraction. Most sites showed considerable ecological risk; exceptions were site S7(very high) and sites S10,S11, and S14(moderate). Cu showed moderate-to-high pollution and Pb exhibited no-to-low pollution, while other metals had a non-pollution status according to their ratios of secondary phase to primary phase(RSP). Results of two assessment methods showed moderate pollution and a veryhigh ecological risk for Cu, Zn, Ni, and Cr at site S7, which might be due to the local sewage treatment plant.  相似文献   

16.
将人工繁育的"标准化"背角无齿蚌(Anodonta woodiana)移殖至太湖五里湖,并以仍养殖在未受污染的中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心南泉基地的同批蚌作为对照,进行为期9个月的主动监测研究.每3个月回收一次蚌样,应用电感耦合等离子质谱仪(ICP-MS)测定15种重金属(Al、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Mo、Ag、Cd、Ba、Tl和Pb)的含量.结果表明,南泉基地对照组和五里湖移殖组的蚌样对重金属均产生了明显的生物积累.培养3个月的五里湖移殖组蚌样中As的含量显著高于同期南泉基地对照组,而前者Mn、Fe、Zn和Ba含量显著低于后者;培养6个月的五里湖移殖组蚌样中Al和Pb的含量显著低于同期南泉基地对照组;培养9个月的五里湖移殖组蚌样中Pb含量显著低于同期南泉基地对照组.然而,南泉基地对照组和五里湖移殖组蚌样中重金属(Cr、Cu、As、Cd和Pb)含量均低于我国及国际上的相关标准.培养3、6和9个月的南泉基地对照组及五里湖移殖组蚌样的重金属污染指数分别为1.8、1.8,2.4、2.1和8.3、16.8,均值综合污染指数分别为0.0218、0.0289,0.0337、0.0218和0.0560、0.0732,属于正常背景水平,并且两水体蚌样的重金属污染指数和均值综合污染指数无显著差异,提示五里湖和南泉基地均未受到明显的重金属污染.  相似文献   

17.
巢湖沉积物重金属富集特征与人为污染评价   总被引：15，自引：6，他引：9  
本文分析了巢湖主要入湖河流河口区表层沉积物及西部湖心区沉积岩芯中Al、Fe、Ni、Cr、Cu、Zn、Pb、Li、V等金属元素变化特征,采用地球化学方法对金属元素变化的"粒度效应"进行矫正,并以Li、V为参照元素对矫正结果进行检验;参考历史沉积物,对河口区及西部湖心区沉积物重金属人为污染特征进行分析;结合沉积岩芯210Pb年代结果,估算西部湖心区近150a来Ni、Cr、Cu、Zn、Pb等重金属元素的人为污染贡献量.结果表明,河口表层沉积物重金属污染具有显著的空间差异,南淝河河口重金属人为污染最重,其中Ni、Cr、Cu、Zn、Pb的人为污染贡献量分别为12.2、32.2、25.3、479.9和76.0 mg/kg,分别占总含量的35%、37%、64%、92%和77%;其次是柘皋河河口,主要重金属污染元素为Cu、Zn和Pb,人为污染贡献量达57.6、57.0和19.5 mg/kg,分别占总含量的73%、47%和36%;而派河、白石山河、杭埠河等河口表层沉积物中重金属元素人为污染程度较弱.巢湖西部湖心区主要污染元素为Cu、Zn、Pb,人为污染开始于1950s,1980年以来其人为污染贡献量显著增加,平均为16.2、245.6、47.8 mg/(m2.a),分别占各元素沉积通量的23%、61%和37%;Ni人为污染开始于1980s初期,人为污染贡献量平均为12.6 mg/(m2.a),占其沉积通量的13%左右;Cr基本未受人为污染影响.西部湖心区沉积岩芯及南淝河河口表层沉积物中重金属污染程度均表现为Zn>Pb>Cu,而且南淝河河口沉积物重金属污染程度显著高于西部湖心区.结合主要入湖河流径流量与河口沉积物重金属污染特征,认为巢湖西部湖心区重金属污染主要通过南淝河输入,来自合肥等城市的废水是主要的污染源.  相似文献   

18.
水体生态环境中的微塑料与重金属污染问题正日益受到热切关注为探讨微塑料与重金属对水产品的复合生态效应,选择鄱阳湖饶河段优势淡水鱼为研究对象,对鱼体内微塑料及重金属Cu、Cd、Pb、Zn、Cr等元素的生物累积作用进行分析与评价结果表明:调查区域水环境中微塑料的丰度范围10～64 items/L,平均值38.56 items/L. 8种淡水鱼消化道微塑料丰度范围为1.21～9.11 items/g,平均丰度为5.40 items/g;鳃部丰度范围0.61～5.00 items/g,平均丰度为2.87 items/g;微塑料类型主要有碎片类、纤维类、薄膜类和颗粒类4种,其聚合物成分主要为聚乙烯(PE)、低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)、聚丙烯(PP)和聚苯乙烯(PS);颜色以透明及彩色为主;微塑料粒径范围为0.01～9.5 mm,粒径0.5 mm的微塑料所占比例为79.07%,鱼体内与其生存水环境中微塑料的丰度特征(形态、粒径、颜色和聚合物类型组分比例)具有一定相似性各鱼类对微塑料的累积系数(BAF)平均值为178.29,不同鱼类累积微塑料的能力大小次序为:乌鳢(Channa argus)、黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)鲦鱼(Hemicculter leuciclus)、草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)、鲶鱼(Silurus asotus)鲤鱼(Cyprinus carpio)、刀鱼(Coilia ectenes)、鲫鱼(Carassius auratus)鱼体肌肉组织内重金属Cu、Cd、Pb、Zn、Cr的平均含量分别为4.27、0.13、0.28、11.73、0.53 mg/kg,均符合无公害水产品的要求且低于人体消费卫生标准,属于安全食用范围;鱼类对5种不同重金属的累积能力大小次序为ZnCuCdPbCr,不同鱼类对不同重金属的累积能力具有差异性通过扫描电镜(SEM)与能谱分析(EDS)检测到各类型微塑料表面均有上述5种重金属元素,证实微塑料可能成为重金属的附着载体,相关性分析表明微塑料与Cu呈极显著相关,与Cd、Pb均呈显著相关;微塑料的存在一定程度上会增强Cu、Cd与Pb的累积效应,并可能产生复合污染效应.  相似文献   

19.
The monitoring programme of harmful substances in selected species in the Baltic Sea was started in 1979. In the present study, three-year averages of Zn, Cu, Cd and Pb in cod liver (Hg in cod muscle) and herring muscle are reported. The concentrations of heavy metals in cod show areal differences roughly in accordance with the concentrations of heavy metals in sea water. No significant differences between heavy metal concentrations in North Atlantic and Baltic Sea species were found, except for mercury, for which values in the Baltic Sea species are lower than in those from the North Atlantic.  相似文献   

20.
为了解巢湖湖区及主要出入湖河流沉积物中重金属的污染特征,对表层沉积物中重金属元素含量进行分析,基于地积累指数法、潜在生态风险指数法和沉积物质量基准法对沉积物污染风险进行评价,并对沉积物重金属来源进行初步分析.结果表明,河流沉积物中重金属的平均含量显著高于湖区,是湖区沉积物重金属含量的1.18~5.15倍,其中南淝河Cu、Zn、Pb、As和Hg含量较高,分别是背景值的3.53、16.98、3.98、5.84和23.11倍,西半湖Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd和Hg平均含量要高于东半湖,是全湖平均的1.04~1.45倍.地积累指数法和Hkanson潜在生态风险指数法评价结果均表明,Cd和Hg是主要的生态风险贡献因子,在所调查的表层沉积物中Cd和Hg数值分别为43.17~3870.94和29.96~924.57,已处于较大风险数值.此外,源分析结果表明,巢湖湖区及主要出入湖河流表层沉积物中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr、Hg和As相关性显著,具有相似的来源,可能来自于工业废水与生活污水.  相似文献   

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