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1.
非饱和粉质粘土固结压缩特性及体变试验研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为进一步研究与基质吸力相关联的非饱和土固结压缩特性,扩展非饱和土固结理论在工程实际中的适用性,通过分析非饱和粉质粘土水土特征曲线变化规律,对非饱和土固结变形机理进行研究。试验结果表明：非饱和土的最终沉降量仅与土骨架的压缩模量有关。对于不同饱和度的非饱和土而言,固结速度随初始饱和度的增加而减小,饱和土固结过程所需要的时间比非饱和土固结过程所需要的时间短。由于孔隙流体的压缩性导致高饱和土体的瞬时沉降比低饱和土体的瞬时沉降小,但高饱和土体的后期固结沉降受饱和度和吸力的影响,比低饱和土体要大得多。
相似文献
2.
Compacted clay soils are used as barriers in geoenvironmental engineering applications and are likely to be exposed to salinization and desalinization cycles during life of the facility. Changes in pore fluid composition from salinization and desalinization cycles induce osmotic suction gradients between soil–water and reservoir (example, landfill/brine pond) solution. Dissipation of osmotic suction gradients may induce osmotic swelling and consolidation strains. This paper examines the osmotic swelling and consolidation behaviour of compacted clays exposed to salinization and desalinization cycles at consolidation pressure of 200 kPa in oedometer assemblies. During salinization cycle, sodium ions of reservoir fluid replaced the divalent exchangeable cations. The osmotic swelling strain developed during first desalinization cycle was 29-fold higher than matric suction induced swelling strain of the compacted specimen. Further, the diffusion controlled osmotic swelling strain was 100-fold slower than matric suction-driven swelling process. After establishment of ion-exchange equilibrium, saturated saline specimens develop reversible osmotic swelling strains on exposure to desalinization cycles. Likewise the saturated desalinated specimen develops reversible osmotic consolidation strains on exposure to cycles of salinization. Variations in compaction dry density has a bearing on the osmotic swelling and consolidation strains, while, compaction water content had no bearing on the osmotic volumetric strains. 相似文献
3.
Influence of Infiltration of Sodium Chloride Solutions on SWCC of Compacted Bentonite–Sand Specimens
The degree of saturation of compacted bentonite buffer in deep geological repositories is subject to alterations from infiltration of groundwater and heat emanated from the waste canisters. The matric suction (ψ)–degree of saturation (S r ) relations of unsaturated clays is represented by soil–water characteristics curves (SWCC) that are influenced by soil structure, initial compaction condition and stress history. Infiltration of groundwater besides increasing the degree of saturation can also alter the pore water chemistry; the associated changes in cation hydration and diffuse double layer thickness could impact the micro-structure and matric suction values. This study examines the influence of infiltrating sodium chloride solutions (1,000–5,000 mg/L) on the transient ψ–S r relations of compacted bentonite–sand specimens. Analysis of the ψ–S r plots, and X-ray diffraction measurements indicated that infiltration of sodium chloride solutions has progressively less influence on the micro-structure and SWCC relations of bentonite–sand specimens compacted to increasingly higher dry densities. The micro-structure and SWCC relations of specimens compacted to 1.5 Mg/m3 were most affected, specimens compacted to 1.75 Mg/m3 were less affected, while specimens compacted to 2 Mg/m3 remained unaffected upon infiltration with sodium chloride solutions. 相似文献
4.
Osman Sivrikaya 《Environmental Geology》2008,53(7):1585-1595
To prevent the leakage of pollutant liquids into groundwater and sublayers, the compacted fine-grained soils are commonly
utilized as mineral liners or a sealing system constructed under municipal solid waste and other containment hazardous materials.
This study presents the correlation equations of the compaction parameters required for construction of a mineral liner system.
The determination of the characteristic compaction parameters, maximum dry unit weight (γ
dmax) and optimum water content (w
opt) requires considerable time and great effort. In this study, empirical models are described and examined to find which of
the index properties correlate well with the compaction characteristics for estimating γ
dmax and w
opt of fine-grained soils at the standard compactive effort. The compaction data are correlated with different combinations of
gravel content (G), sand content (S), fine-grained content (FC = clay + silt), plasticity index (I
p), liquid limit (w
L) and plastic limit (w
P) by performing multilinear regression (MLR) analyses. The obtained correlations with statistical parameters are presented
and compared with the previous studies. It is found that the maximum dry unit weight and optimum water content have a considerably
good correlation with plastic limit in comparison with liquid limit and plasticity index. 相似文献
5.
以三峡库区黄土坡滑坡临江I号崩滑体的滑带土为研究对象,研究基质吸力对非饱和滑带土的强度与变形等力学性质的影响。利用GDS非饱和反压直剪仪对滑带土进行了不同净法向应力和基质吸力组合下的直剪试验。试验结果表明:相同的基质吸力作用下,滑带土抗剪强度随着净法向应力的增大而增大。当滑带土试样中基质吸力较小时(50kPa),试样剪切过程中的应力-应变曲线,随着净法向应力的增大表现为应变硬化型。之后随着基质吸力的增加,当吸力大于净法向应力时,剪切应力-应变曲线表现为较明显的达到峰值后软化。反之,应力-应变曲线表现为应变硬化型。相同净法向应力下,抗剪强度随着吸力的增大而增大,剪切应力-应变曲线由低法向应力下的达到峰值后软化向高法向应力下的应变硬化转变。剪切过程的轴向位移表现为:当吸力大于净法向应力时,表现为剪胀; 反之,表现为剪缩。滑带土固结排水剪切条件下得到的黏聚力随着基质吸力呈线性增长关系。得到了滑带土的吸力摩擦角b为13.7,有效内摩擦角有较小增长,平均有效内摩擦角15.9。 相似文献
6.
In this paper, the shear strength with respect to the matric suction of unsaturated soils was studied. For this purpose, unsaturated
triaxial testing procedures were applied to the undisturbed residual soil specimens. An apparatus for performing triaxial
tests was designed and constructed. In the tests, matric suction was controlled by using the axis translation technique, and
pore water volume changes were measured by means of a volume change transducer with 10−8 m3 sensitivity. The test results indicated that the matric suction contributes to the shear strength of unsaturated soil specimens,
and this contribution called suction strength varies non-linearly with respect to the matric suction. The logarithmic model
needing to know the air-entry value and the internal friction angle of a soil specimen for prediction of the suction strength
were presented and compared with the test results. It was found that suction strength values predicted from the proposed model
were in satisfactory agreement with the experimental results. 相似文献
7.
为研究部分饱和状态下高填方回填土工后长期变形,对非饱和压实土在可控基质吸力下分别开展率敏性和蠕变试验,并分析两者间时效对应关系。率敏性试验采取不同加载速率的三轴剪切,分析基质吸力（0、100、200、300 kPa）、加载速率（0.40、0.02 mm/min）以及超固结比（1、4和8）对土体强度和变形特征的影响,并确定三轴剪切蠕变的三级加载应力水平为抗剪强度的0.45、0.65、0.85倍;在4种可控基质吸力（0、100、200、300 kPa）下参考陈氏加载法,按三应力水平分级加载开展非饱和压实土三轴剪切蠕变试验。试验结果表明：随着基质吸力的增加,其率敏性参数ρ 减小,其率敏性降低;随着基质吸力逐渐增大,其蠕变初始最大速率、稳定蠕变速率以及蠕变变形量均显著减小;蠕变试验确定的应变速率−应变关系线与率敏性试验获得的应变速率−应变数据点基本吻合,证明两者间存在一定时效对应关系,且随着基质吸力的增大,这种时效对应关系更显著。 相似文献
8.
Snehasis Tripathy Kanakapura S. Subba Rao 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2009,27(1):89-103
Laboratory cyclic swell–shrink tests were carried out on compacted expansive soil specimens to study in detail the effect
of changes in shrinkage pattern on the swell–shrink behaviour of compacted expansive soils. Compacted soil specimens were
allowed to swell and either shrank fully or partially shrank to several predetermined heights in each cycle. The tests were
carried out at a surcharge pressure of 50 kPa. The test results revealed that shrinkage of compacted saturated soil specimens
to predetermined height in each shrinkage cycle provides similar conditions as that of the controlled suction tests with an
increasing number of swell–shrink cycles. The water content of soil specimens and hence soil suction was found to remain nearly
constant for each pattern of shrinkage. For soil specimens equilibrated to a given swell–shrink pattern, suction at the end
of shrinkage cycles was changed from a higher suction to a lower suction, and also from a lower to a higher suction. The experimental
results showed that there may be an immediate equilibrium state attained by the soil in terms of swell–shrink potential if
suction at the shrinkage cycles was less than the past suction; otherwise, the equilibrium state was accompanied by fatigue
of swelling. The volumetric deformation of the soil specimen subjected greater shrinkage was found to be much larger than
the corresponding vertical deformation. The compressibility index of microstructure, κm, was determined for several shrinkage patterns. It is shown that κm is heavily influenced by suction at the end of shrinkage cycles. 相似文献
9.
通过对具有不同初始含水率和干密度的两种压实黏质砂土的脱湿曲线进行测试、分析和对比,并结合核磁共振技术,探讨了干密度、初始含水率和土样组分对压实黏质砂土脱湿过程的影响规律。利用核磁共振测得了试样在各级吸力下的T2时间（横向弛豫时间）分布曲线,定性地探讨了不同吸力下试样中的水分分布特征,揭示了干密度、初始含水率和土样组分对试样脱湿过程的微观机制影响。试验结果表明：干密度仅在低基质吸力条件下对试样脱湿过程产生重要影响,而在高吸力条件下初始含水率和试样组分起主导作用;核磁共振结果证实在压实黏质砂土中,小孔隙结构主要由初始含水率和试样组分控制,而大孔隙的结构主要取决于干密度;试样组分对压实土的内部结构和孔隙大小分布的影响比初始含水率大。 相似文献
10.
Makhaly Ba Kongrat Nokkaew Meissa Fall James M. Tinjum 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2013,31(5):1497-1510
This research was conducted to investigate the effect of matric suction on resilient modulus of unbound aggregate base courses. The study characterized the water characteristic curves and resilient modulus versus matric suction relationships of aggregate base courses that were compacted at different water contents and between 98 and 103 % of the modified Proctor density. The soil–water characteristic curve (SWCC) and the relationship between resilient modulus (M r ) and matric suction (ψ) were established for different unbound granular and recycled asphalt pavement materials. This relationship is important for predicting changes in modulus due to changes in moisture of unbound pavement materials. Resilient modulus tests were conducted according to the National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) 1-28A procedure at varying water contents, and the measured SWCC was used to determine the corresponding matric suction. Three reference summary resilient moduli (SRM) were considered: at optimum water content, optimum water content +2 % and optimum water content ?2 %. The Bandia and Bargny limestones are characterized by a higher water-holding capacity which explains why the modulus of limestone was more sensitive to water content than for basalt or quartzite. Limestones tend to be more sensitive to changes in water content and thus to matric suction. The shape of the SWCC depends on the particle size distribution and the cementation properties from dehydration of the aggregates. Material properties required as input to the Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide (M-EPDG) to predict changes in resilient modulus in response to changes in moisture contents in the field were determined for implementation in the M-EPDG process. Results show that the SRM was more correlated with matric suction than with compaction water content (for resilient modulus testing). The empirical models commonly used to predict the SWCC such as the Perera et al. (Prediction of the SWCC based on grain-size-distribution and index properties. GSP 130 Advances in Pavement Engineering, ASCE, 2005) and the M-EPDG (NCHRP in Guide for mechanistic-empirical design of pavement structures. National cooperative highway research program. ARA, Inc., ERES Consultants Division, Champaign, IL, 2004) models tend to underestimate the SWCC and cannot provide reasonable estimation. SRM normalized with respect to the SRM at the optimum water content varied linearly with the logarithm of matric suction. Empirical relationships between SRM and matric suction on semi-logarithmic scale were established and are reported. 相似文献
11.
非饱和压实黄土结构特性试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对增（减）湿到相同含水率及相同干密度的不同结构性非饱和压实黄土进行土-水特征曲线试验和三轴剪切试验,研究制样含水率引起的结构变化对非饱和压实黄土基质吸力、应力-应变特征及结构性参数的影响。研究结果表明：制样含水率引起的结构性对非饱和压实黄土的土-水特征曲线有明显的影响,小于塑限时基质吸力随制样含水率的增大而增大,最优制样含水率时非饱和压实黄土具有均匀小孔隙的团粒凝聚结构使其吸力相对最大;应力-应变曲线在最优结构状态时位于坐标最上端,小于最优制样含水率时的结构弱化程度相对较低,其应力-应变曲线逐渐下移,大于最优制样含水率时土样的结构弱化程度较高,其应力-应变曲线位于最下端;定义的结构性参数m?r能够合理反映压实黄土的结构性,弥补了压实土工程中用最优含水率和最大干密度指标无法反映土结构性影响的不足;屈服结构性参数m?r0能够合理反映出不同制样含水率压实黄土的结构弱化程度,结构弱化程度还反映在三轴剪切破坏强度上。 相似文献
12.
随着地下空间的大力开发,基坑降水导致的地面沉降对周边建筑物稳定性及地下管道系统产生一定影响,开始引起国内外学者的关注。本文选择武汉地区典型粉土,采用土-水特征曲线压力板仪开展失水过程的土-水特征曲线试验,得到了非饱和土的土-水特征曲线;质量含水率、轴向位移随基质吸力的变化规律及误差修正;不同基质吸力作用下含水率和轴向位移随时间的变化规律。根据测定曲线,非饱和土含水率随基质吸力的增大而减小,达到残余含水率时不再变化;随着基质吸力的增加,土体失水收缩,轴向位移增大,达到残余含水率时不再变化;加压过程中不仅有轴向变形,还伴随有一定径向变形。除此,对仪器本身及试验过程中可能出现的误差进行了详细的分析,为压力板仪试验提供参考依据。 相似文献
13.
Vegetation contributes to weak soil stabilisation through reinforcement of the soil, dissipation of excess pore pressure and increasing the shear strength by induced matric suction. This paper describes the way vegetation influences soil matric suction, shrinkage and ground settlement in the vadose zone through transpiration. A mathematical model for the rate of root water uptake, including the root growth rate considering ground conditions, type of vegetation and climatic parameters, has been developed. A finite element approach is employed to solve the transient coupled flow-deformation equations. The finite element mesh is built using partially saturated soil elements capable of representing the salient aspects of unsaturated permeability and the soil water characteristic curve. The model formulation is based on the effective stress theory of unsaturated soils. Based on this proposed model, the distribution of the ground matric suction profile adjacent to the tree is numerically analysed. Current field measurements of soil matric suction and moisture content collected from Miram site located in Victoria State, Australia by the authors are compared with the numerical predictions. The results indicate that the proposed root water uptake model incorporated in the numerical analysis can be used for prediction of ground properties influenced by tree roots. 相似文献
14.
Columnar inclusion is one of the effective and widely used methods for improving the engineering properties of soft clay ground. This article investigates the consolidation behavior of composite soft clay ground using both physical model tests under an axial-symmetry condition and finite element simulations using the PLAXIS 2D program. It was determined that the final settlement and the rate of consolidation of the composite ground depended on the stress state. For an applied stress that is much lower than the failure stress, the final settlement of the composite ground was lower, and the consolidation was rapid. When the soil–cement column failed, the stress on the column suddenly decreased (due to strain-softening); meanwhile, the stress on the soil increased to maintain the force equilibrium. Consequently, the excess pore pressure in the surrounding clay increased immediately. The cracked soil–cement column acted as a drain, which accelerated the dissipation of the excess pore pressure. The consolidation of the composite ground was mainly observed in the vertical direction and was controlled by the area ratio, which is the ratio of the diameter of the soil–cement column to the diameter of the composite ground, a. The stress on the column was shown to be low for a composite ground with a high value of a, which resulted in less settlement and fast consolidation. For a long soil–cement column, the excess pore pressures in the surrounding clay and the column were essentially the same at a given consolidation time throughout the improvement depth. It is proposed that the soil–cement column and surrounding clay form a compressible ground, and the consolidation occurs in the vertical direction. The composite coefficient of consolidation (cv(com)) that was obtained from the physical model test on the composite ground can be used to approximate the rate of consolidation. This approximation was validated via a finite element simulation. The proposed method is highly useful to geotechnical engineers because of its simplicity and reliable prediction. 相似文献
15.
当地下水位上升或地面遇水浸润时,土的饱和度将因毛细作用而变化,以此使土体产生变形。其中由于含水量增加而使土的重度增大,从而引起压缩变形;同时含水量的增加而使基质吸力下降,从而引起土的回弹变形,因此最终变形取决于上述两种变形趋势的综合效应。根据广义Hook定律、Fredlund的双应力状态变量及Brooks和Corey关于基质吸力与饱和度之间的经验关系,建立了K0状态下非饱和土的一维本构模型。将这一模型与分层总和法相结合,可以计算基质吸力变化时土的竖向变形。通过研究发现,非饱和土的地面变形不仅取决于土的性质与土层的厚度,而且依赖于土中吸力变化前后的分布及应力状态等因素。所建议的一维本构模型可以用于非饱和土地基上基础的沉降估算。 相似文献
16.
Shear Strength Behavior of Two Landfill Clay Liners 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Direct shear tests were conducted to obtain both the shear strength of compacted clay liners (CCLs) specimens and the interface shear strength between compacted clay liner and base soil. These experiments were conducted under the conditions of five different water contents. The experimental results show that shear strength of both CCLs and CCLs/base interface decreases with the increase in the water content of CCLs and base soil. In addition, the considerate concentration of NaCl in leachate has no deteriorating effect on the shear strength of liners. Triaxial shear tests were also conducted on clay liner specimens to obtain total and effective shear strength under a fast compression. The shear strength c‘=100 kPa for sand-bentonite, respectively. These results indicate that the compacted clay-bentonite shows normal consolidation, but that the compacted sand-bentonite exhibits over-consolidation. 相似文献
17.
Nouzari Mohammad Amin Jamshidi Chenari Reza Payan Meghdad Pishgar Faranak 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2021,39(2):943-956
There exist many structures founded on unsaturated soil deposits. Shear strength augmentation due to the evolution of the matric suction within the unsaturated porous media enhances the bearing capacity of the overlying foundation. This paper presents the evaluation of the pseudo-static seismic bearing capacity of the shallow foundations resting on unsaturated soil deposits using limit equilibrium method. Adopting the Coulomb failure mechanism and Bishop effective stress concept, the bearing capacity equations are solved. The distribution of the matric suction beneath the footing is assumed to be linear. The results of the bearing capacity evaluation are validated against some experimental data found in literature for the static condition. For the seismic loading consideration, the pseudo-static method is utilized. The dual effect of the earthquake acceleration vertical component is thoroughly discussed and a suction transition point is introduced in which the minimum bearing capacity is observed to bear the same value for both upward and downward directions. The increase in the matric suction throughout the soil deposit leads to the increase in the soil shear strength, thus posing more resisting forces as well as higher ultimate bearing capacity. The offered solution is deemed a consistent and useful tool for the accurate prediction of the seismic bearing capacity of shallow footings resting on unsaturated soil deposits.
相似文献18.
考虑饱和度的压实填土抗剪强度研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
压实填土一般为典型的非饱和土,广泛存在于各类工程中,其物理力学性质受填土含水状态的影响。因基质吸力测量困难,非饱和土强度理论难以在压实填土工程中应用。研究含水状态变化对压实土抗剪强度影响的大小,寻找一种简化实用的非饱和压实土抗剪强度确定方法。从非饱和土理论出发,对含水状态影响压实土抗剪强度的机制进行了分析,重新整理并分析了5种压实土的非饱和三轴试验结果,对一些压实土工程资料中的直剪试验强度指标进行了收集和整理。分析表明,基质吸力对压实填土抗剪强度的贡献占有相当大的比例;含水率变化对压实填土抗剪强度的影响是非常显著和不容忽视的。工程资料中压实土饱和度对数值与黏聚力指标有良好的线性相关关系,提出了一个考虑饱和度影响的压实填土抗剪强度简易计算方法。 相似文献
19.
Yahia E.-A. Mohamedzein Amer A. Al-Rawas Mohammed Y. Al-Aghbari Ahmed Qatan Abdul-Hamid Al-Rawas 《Engineering Geology》2005,80(3-4):271-281
The possibility of using crushed shales as landfill liners is investigated in this study. Two types of shales were studied by performing the following laboratory tests: hydraulic conductivity, compaction, swelling, consolidation, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and chemical analysis. For both compacted shales, the hydraulic conductivity was in order of 10− 7 cm/s or less which satisfies the specifications for landfill liners. The results of XRD and SEM support the low values of the hydraulic conductivity. Because of the dominant presence of low-activity kaolinite, there was no significant change in the hydraulic conductivity when the compacted shales are exposed to calcium chloride solution. The compressibility of the compacted clay was low and no serious post-construction settlement is expected. The shear strength of the compacted shales was within the usual expected range for earthen liners and, therefore, should pose no challenges with respect to shear strength. The crushed shales also satisfy the other criteria related to Atterberg limits and grain size. 相似文献