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实验生态条件下研究十溴联苯醚(BDE-209)的急性毒性胁迫对褶皱臂尾轮虫(Branchionus plicatilis)运动行为与摄食行为的影响,探讨可用以表征胁迫-响应的生物标志物。结果表明:(1)BDE-209胁迫24h显著性增加了褶皱臂尾轮虫的运动抑制率,由此得到24h半数有效抑制浓度(24h-EC_(50))为9.084mg/L,但未达到半数致死作用;(2)当分别以四种海洋微藻:小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)、青岛大扁藻(Platymonas helgolandica)、等鞭金藻8701(Isochrysis galbana)和小新月菱形藻(Cylindrotheca closterium)为单一饵料来源时,褶皱臂尾轮虫对四种饵料单胞藻的滤水率(F)和摄食率(G)均随着胁迫时间和胁迫浓度的增加而不断下降,呈现出明显的浓度依赖性,说明BDE-209胁迫能显著抑制褶皱臂尾轮虫的摄食作用。(3)将其中三种微藻等生物量混合投喂时,褶皱臂尾轮虫对三种微藻的滤水率和摄食率与单一饵料投喂条件相比均发生变化,且对各种微藻的选食率(Sr)和摄食总生物量均随着胁迫时间和浓度的增加呈下降趋势,选择性指数(Si)发生变化,对小球藻的摄食选择性最高。滤水率的变化较其它指标更敏感,可用以指示浮游动物在个体水平上响应外源环境变化的标志物。结果表明,BDE-209胁迫能有效改变褶皱臂尾轮虫的摄食与选食行为,且其最适宜的饵料是小球藻。 相似文献
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UV-B辐射对2种海水轮虫的致死效应 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
运用生态毒理学方法研究了UV-B辐射对褶皱臂尾轮虫(Brachionusplicatilis)和壶状臂尾轮虫(Brachionusurceus)的致死效应,旨在为阐明UV-B辐射对海洋生态系统的影响和建立指示UV-B辐射的生态毒理学指标体系提供科学依据。结果表明:UV-B辐射对2种轮虫都有严重的伤害作用,且当辐射强度达一定强度阈值会对其产生急性致死作用。实验测得:UV-B辐射对2种轮虫的急性致死强度阈值为:(50±10)μW/cm2;24h,48h和96h的半致死剂量:褶皱臂尾轮虫为4.393,2.694和1.720kJ/m2;壶状臂尾轮虫为5.856,4.516和1.730kJ/m2。由此可知,本实验UV-B辐射剂量范围和观察时间内,褶皱臂尾轮虫在UV-B辐射处理后的24h和48h内对UV-B辐射的敏感性相对要大于壶状臂尾轮虫,而在UV-B辐射处理后的96h内2种轮虫对UV-B辐射的敏感性则相近。 相似文献
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采用实验生态学方法研究了除草剂百草枯对褶皱臂尾轮虫(Brachionus plicatilis)的摄食和种群动态的影响。结果表明,百草枯对褶皱臂尾轮虫的24hLC50为9.17mg/L,对褶皱臂尾轮虫的摄食具有明显的抑制作用。实验浓度下褶皱臂尾轮虫对小球藻的滤水率和摄食率随百草枯浓度的增加先下降后升高。百草枯对褶皱臂尾轮虫种群动态影响显著,使轮虫的胚胎发育时间、繁殖前期和繁殖后期延长,繁殖期和平均寿命缩短,产卵量和繁殖率降低。轮虫的净生殖率和世代时间均低于对照,不同百草枯浓度下轮虫能够维持一定的种群增长。 相似文献
4.
UV-B辐射对指状许水蚤效应的初步研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
探讨UV-B辐射增强对海洋生态系统的影响,通过实验生态学的方法,研究了UV-B辐射对指状许水蚤(Schmacheria inopinus,Burckhardt)雌雄成体的致死率、摄食率和滤水率的影响。结果表明,在实验所设定的辐射剂量下,指状许水蚤雄性成体对UV-B辐射的致死率明显高于雌性成体的致死率;UV-B辐射对雄性成体的24h的半数致死剂量(24h.LD50)为5.77kJ/m2,而对雌性成体48h的半数致死剂量(48h.LD50)为5.04kJ/m2。在较低剂量下(0~1.728kJ/m2),UV-B辐射对雌雄成体的摄食率(F)和滤水率(G)都有明显的抑制作用。 相似文献
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通过单因子实验,研究了短角异剑水蚤(Apocyclops royi)在不同温度、光照、pH 值、饵料密度以及单性条件下对盐生杜氏藻的滤水率(F)和滤食率(G),及其对3种常见饵料微藻(盐生杜氏藻、球等边金藻和海水小球藻)摄食的选择性,旨在为该物种的人工高效可控培养提供实验和技术基础.结果表明,实验温度范围内(20,25和30℃),短角异剑水蚤对盐生杜氏藻的滤水率和滤食率差异不显著,其中25℃时 F和 G 较高,分别为(0.049±0.014)mL/(个?h)和(1.393±0.369)×104个/(个?h);滤水率和滤食率随光照强度的增加而升高,光照强度为9800 lx 时 F 和 G 最高,分别为(0.053±0.012)mL/(个?h)和(1.295±0.303)×104个/(个?h); pH 值为9.0时,滤水率和滤食率显著高于其他实验组(7.0、8.0、10.0);滤水率随饵料密度的增加呈现先增加后降低的趋势,滤食率随饵料密度的增大而升高;滤水率和滤食率存在性别差异,雌性的 F 和 G 均比雄性约高16%.实验的3种微藻中,球等鞭金藻的选择性指数最高. 相似文献
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饵料、温度和盐度对两种海洋桡足类摄食与排粪的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
中华哲水蚤是中国近海典型的浮游桡足类,猛水蚤是青岛胶州湾和汇泉湾常见底栖桡足类,研究2种海洋桡足类的摄食和排粪规律可为大量培养桡足类提供最佳条件。论文研究了在6种不同饵料(球等鞭金藻、亚心形扁藻、小球藻、绿色巴夫藻、三角褐指藻、小新月菱形藻)的条件下,温度和盐度对中华哲水蚤和猛水蚤摄食和排粪的影响。温度和盐度对2种桡足类摄食和排粪的影响具有种间差异性。中华哲水蚤在15℃的摄食率、滤水率和排粪率高于在20和25℃的摄食率、滤水率和排粪率。在15、20和25℃3个温度范围内,猛水蚤的摄食率、滤水率和排粪率随温度升高而升高。在20～36盐度范围内,中华哲水蚤的摄食率、滤水率和排粪率随盐度的升高先升高后降低,在盐度为28时达到最大值,猛水蚤的摄食率、滤水率和排粪率随盐度升高而逐渐降低,猛水蚤摄食和排粪的最适盐度为20。温度和盐度实验均表明,在6种饵料中,亚心形扁藻和球等鞭金藻有利于中华哲水蚤的摄食,球等鞭金藻有利于猛水蚤的摄食,而小球藻对2种桡足类的摄食均不利。 相似文献
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多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)作为一种典型的持久性有机污染物,对海洋生物和生态系统的可持续性构成严重威胁。以2,2’,4,4’-四溴联苯醚(BDE-47)作为胁迫因子,以褶皱臂尾轮虫(Branchionus plicatilis)作为受试生物,基于代谢组学技术探讨褶皱臂尾轮虫应对BDE-47胁迫时的能量代谢变化。24 h胁迫实验的结果表明:褶皱臂尾轮虫的滤水率(F)和摄食率(G)显著降低,抑制了其对能源物质的获取;褶皱臂尾轮虫α-淀粉酶、脂肪酶、胰蛋白酶活性均受到抑制,降低了其对能源物质的消化效率;褶皱臂尾轮虫的总腺苷酸含量(TAP)随着BDE-47胁迫浓度的增加而不断下降,其能量状态发生了不利变化;褶皱臂尾轮虫的细胞能量分配(CEA)降低,是能量储备(Ea)减少和能量消耗(Ec)增加共同作用的结果。代谢组学分析表明褶皱臂尾轮虫的氨基酸代谢、脂质代谢和糖代谢产生了显著变化,发现了与氨基酸代谢、脂质代谢和糖代谢相关的26种差异代谢物和20条代谢通路,氨基酸、脂肪酸以及果糖水平显著下调,溶血磷脂酰胆碱(lysoPC)和磷酸乙醇胺(PE)显著上调。以上结果表明,BDE-47急性毒性胁迫影响了褶皱臂... 相似文献
9.
为探讨UV-B辐射对海洋生态系统的影响，研究了短期(2d)UV-B辐射对金藻8701、小新月菱形藻和亚心形扁藻3种藻单养的敏感性比较以及长期(21d)UV-B辐射对3种藻混养的种间竞争性平衡的影响。实验表明，(1)UV-B条件下。单养和混养情况下，最敏感的藻是金藻8701，小新月菱形藻次之，亚心形扁藻最不敏感；(2)增强的UV-B为对UV-B具有高耐受力的亚心形扁藻提供了竞争优势，使种间竞争平衡向着有利于亚心形扁藻的方向发展，到第21天，UV-B辐射(2．88J／m^2，5．76J／m^2)的处理组中，亚心形扁藻成为优势种。 相似文献
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Effect of UV-B radiation on the feeding behavior of the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Effect of UV-B radiation on the feeding behaviour of marine zooplankton is important to assessing the health harm of marine ecosystem due to the gradually enhanced UV-B radiation in air. However, there are a few studies on this topic. The feeding behavior of the rotifer, Brachionus plicatilis, under the treatment of UV-B radiation on five species of microalgae, i.e., Chlorella sp., Tetraselmis chuii, Isochrysis galbana Park 8701, Chaetoceros muelleri Lermumerman, and Nitzschia clostertum, was studied. The results showed that the filtering and feeding rates of the rotifer decreased significantly with the dose increase of UV-B radiation when fed with five species of microalgae respectively (P<0.05) which indicates UV-B radiation inhibits the feeding activities of the rotifer on microalage. The mixed culture experiments shows the rotifer preferred to feed Chlorella sp., then C. muelleri,I. galbana, N. clostertum and T. chuii in turn if without UV-B radiation. Under the highest dose of UV-B radiation treatment (2.70 kJ/m2), the rotifer preferred to feed C. muelleri, then Chlorella sp., N. clostertum, I. galbana and T. chuii in turn. Chlorella sp., I. galbana and C. muelleri became the more favorite foods of the rotifer while T. chuii and N. clostertum became less favorite foods. The change of feeding rate and feeding selectivity of zooplankton driven by the enhanced UV-B radiation will lead to the change in the structure of phytoplankton community. 相似文献
12.
The effect of UV-B radiation enhancement at experimental doses of 0.00,0.24,0.48,0.72,0.96,and 1.20 kJ/m 2 on the population dynamics of the rotifer Brachionus urceus feeding on the alga Chlorella sp.was studied under controlled laboratory conditions using clonal culture and life-table techniques.The results show that UV-B radiation treatment significantly shortened the survival time of the rotifer (P <0.05): The longest survival time (336 h) occurred in the control (0.00 kJ/m 2 ) while the shortest (222 h) occurred when exposed to the highest UV-B radiation treatment (1.20 kJ/m 2 ).The fecundity of the rotifer B.urceus was enhanced by the lower UV-B radiation treatment (0.24 and 0.48 kJ/m 2 ) but inhibited by the higher treatments (0.96 and 1.20 kJ/m 2 ).Life expectancy also was obviously affected by UV-B radiation (P <0.05).The highest life expectancy occurred in the control (0.00 kJ/m 2 ),and it became shorter with increasing doses of UV-B radiation.The resutls in the present study indicate that the life expectancy of the rotifer B.urceus can be used as an indicator for UV-B radiation enhancement. 相似文献
13.
UV-B辐射对海洋微藻抗氧化系统的影响 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
研究了UV－B辐射对两种海洋微藻－小新月菱形藻（Ntzschia closterlum)和亚心形扁藻（Platymonas subcordiforming)的抗氧化系统的影响。结果表明：在本实验的辐射剂量范围内，随着UV－B辐射剂量的增强，两种藻的抗氧化防御系统的非酶性组分还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）和类胡萝卜素（CAR）的含量随之下降；抗氧化防御系统的酶性组分超氧化歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）的活性逐渐降低。加入外源性抗氧化剂GSH可减轻UV－B辐射对藻的伤害。分析表明海洋微藻的UV－B伤害是由于抗氧化防御系统遭到破坏而导致活性氧积累的结果。 相似文献
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研究海洋生态系统在调节全球变化中的作用,采用生态毒理学的方法研究了UV-B辐射增强对2种海洋微藻膜的损伤及其差异性。结果表明,随着UV-B辐射剂量的增加,叉鞭金藻(Dicrateriasp.)和三角褐指藻(Phaeodactylum tricornu-tum)的光合速率降低。同时,膜相对透性增大,细胞内H2O2含量上升,微粒体膜中磷脂减少,游离脂肪酸增加。表明UV-B辐射增强使2种微藻的膜受到了严重伤害,而且膜伤害的加剧与活性氧的积累和由此引发的膜脂脱酯化有关。2种微藻细胞匀浆中丙二醛(MDA)含量无显著变化,而微粒体膜的MDA含量随着UV-B辐射剂量的加大显著提高。这表明UV-B辐射增强对2种海洋微藻膜的损伤可能是由膜脂过氧化和脱酯化作用共同引起的。 相似文献
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UV-B辐射对2种海洋微藻的生理效应 总被引：2，自引：5，他引：2
应用同位素标志法 ,研究了 UV- B辐射增强对三角褐指藻、扁藻核酸和蛋白质合成动态的影响。结果表明 ,三角褐指藻对 UV- B辐射增强的耐受性高于扁藻 ;UV- B辐射增强抑制扁藻的生长和 DNA的合成 ;低剂量的 UV- B辐射刺激三角褐指藻的生长和 DNA的合成 ;高剂量则表现出抑制作用。同时 ,随着 UV- B辐射的增强 ,2种海洋微藻 RNA和蛋白质的合成速度下降 ,其中扁藻合成速度的下降幅度明显大于三角褐指藻 ,表明三角褐指藻 RNA和蛋白质的合成对 UV- B辐射增强的敏感性低于扁藻。 相似文献
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该文用 7株富含 EPA、DHA的海洋微藻对褶皱臂尾轮虫 (Brachionus plicatilis)进行强化 ,通过检测轮虫的脂肪酸组成和含量来研究这几种微藻对轮虫的营养价值。结果表明 :轮虫中的脂肪酸组成和含量与所用饵料密切相关 ,尤其是 EPA、DHA等多不饱和脂肪酸 (PUFA)主要取决于这些脂肪酸在藻中的含量 ;强化 12 h后 ,轮虫中的 n- 3PUFA含量一般为饵料中含量的 75 %左右 ,强化 2 4 h达 80 %以上 ,强化 7d的轮虫可达 90 %以上。 相似文献
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The effects of exposure to UV-B radiation,280-315 nm,and dark or dark repair conditions on the early development of Chondrus ocellatus Holm collected from Qingdao coast were studied under the laboratory condition.After being exposed to different doses [0,36,72,108,144 and 180 J/(m 2 · d)] of UV-B radiation,one treatment of tetraspores were put back to normal culture condition (PAR),the other treatment were put into dark condition to repair for 2 h.During the cultivation,the diameter of the tetraspores were recorded every 4 d till the 50th day when vertical branches formed in all treatments.Then at the 50th day,CPDs,phycoerythrin,chlorophyll a and MAAs (Palythine and asterina-330) were measured.The results showed that low doses UV-B radiation could significantly accelerate the growth rate of the tetraspores of C.ocellatus and the growth rate reduced gradually with UV-B radiation keep on increasing.The variation trend of both the phycoerythrin and chlorophyll a concentration reduced significantly ( P < 0.05) once given the UV-B radiation. Under UV-B stress,the CPDs were induced,and the concentrations of CPDs were significant low in dark repair groups.The data of MAAs analyzed by LC/MS in the tetraspores of C. ocellatus suggested that there were two MAAs formed (palythine and asterina-330) after UV-B radiation induced, and low dose of UV-B irradiation could significantly induced the concentration of MAAs.From the growth and development state of the tetraspores,negative effects of UV-B radiation on the dark repair groups were more serious than PAR. 相似文献
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Fatty acid compositions of two strains of marine diatoms Nitzschia closterium(MACC B222)and Chaetoceros gracilis(MACCB13)have been examined.The microalgae have been grown at different initial NaNO3 concentrations(75,375,750,1125,1500,1875mg/L)and harvested at the late exponential phase.The results by one factor analysis of variance show that the NaNO3 concentrations have no significant influence on the relative growth rate of two stains of marine diatoms;the influence of NaNO3 concentrations on the fatty acids differs from species to species.The major fatty acids of two diatom strains are 14:0,16:0,16:In-7and 20:5n-3(EPA),B13 also has high percentage of 20:4n-6(6.0-9.1%). 相似文献