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古近纪气候变化在东海盆地内的化石记录 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
古近纪气候演化经历了由"温室气候"向"温凉气候"转变的过程,在此期间发生了三次显著的气候事件,分别为PETM极热事件、Oi-L骤冷事件和Mi-L降温事件。利用东海陆架盆地内孢粉、有孔虫等古生物资料探讨了全球古气候变化背景下东海陆架盆地内古生物差异性变化,并根据特征孢粉组合恢复东海陆架盆地内不同时期古植被以及古气候,在此基础上将东海陆架盆地温度、湿度变化曲线与全球温度变化曲线、海平面变化作对比分析,结果显示东海陆架盆地气候演变与全球气候变化具有一定的耦合关系,并且对渐新世时期东海陆架盆地气候变化的原因进行了初步探讨,认为渐新世时期季风气候的形成导致了东海陆架盆地花港组整体呈现湿润的气候特征。 相似文献
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《煤田地质与勘探》2021,49(5):190-199
The Cretaceous is a typical period for studying the greenhouse climate and the earth system interactions, and the world's most extensive terrestrial strata are mainly in East Asia, especially in China. Continental sediments can effectively reflect the paleo-climate change, but the previous studies of the Late Cretaceous paleo-climate, based on the combined characteristics of continental climate-sensitive sediments, were barely found in China. To obtain the Late Cretaceous paleo-climate characteristics of China, the distribution characteristics of different continental climate-sensitive sediment types in the early, middle and Late Cretaceous in China were studied in detail. According to the distribution and combination characteristics and types of continental climate-sensitive sediments, seven climate types can be divided: 1) warm-humid and warm-dry climate; 2) hot and dry climate; 3) hot-dry and arid climate; 4) hot-dry and semiarid climate; 5) hot-dry and hot-wet climate; 6) hot-dry and warm-humid climate; 7) hot-dry and warm-dry climate. The results show that in the early Late Cretaceous, the hot and dry climate was the most widespread, followed by warm-humid and warm-dry climate, but the climate was drier than the paleo-climate of the previous study of Early Cretaceous. Hot and dry climate zone became wider in the Coniacian and Maastrichtian; furthermore, it covered Xinjiang to the east of China from east to west after the Santonian Period. The hot-dry and semiarid climate zone was nearly latitudinally distributed from the northwest to the southeast and it shows a further increase in aridification. Global geological events, paleogeographic features and regional tectonic evolution had significant impacts on the paleoclimate of China in the Late Cretaceous, such as global eruptive events of volcanoes led to the temperature increase in China in the early Late Cretaceous; coastal mountain ranges in southeastern China led to the drying of the Late Cretaceous climate in southern China; Xuefeng Mountains, Wuling Mountains, Nanling Mountains and Tai-hang Mountains were the dividing line between the hot and dry climate zone and hot-dry and arid climate zone in the early Late Cretaceous, and Altun Mountains were the dividing line between the southeastern section of the hot and dry climate zone in western China in the middle Late Cretaceous. 相似文献
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全新世气候变化与中国北方沙漠化 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
气候变化是中国北方地区荒漠化形成发展的主要控制因素。新生代以来伴随着青藏高原的隆升和内陆盆地的下降逐渐形成的气候格局造就了北方地区荒漠化土地的分布。北方西部内陆盆地以干旱气候为主要特征,中部高原是受季风系统中夏季风和冬季风的消长变化影响最为显著的地区,东部地区则以暖湿气候为主,受夏季风控制。第四系以来气候的波动则控制着沙漠化的发展或逆转。末次间冰期以来一直持续的大约以1500a为周期的气候振荡对中国北方地区的沙漠化有重要的影响或控制作用。全新世以来,北方地区约在10000aBP、8000aBP、5500aBP、4000aBP、3000aBP、1500aBP的沙漠化过程分别与北大西洋第7、5、4、3、2和1次的浮冰事件相应,沙漠化扩大过程与全球气候变化的主要事件相一致。十年尺度上气候变化的周期性振荡对沙漠化有一定的影响,至少在生态环境脆弱的敏感地带对沙漠化可以起到控制作用。年际尺度上,6.7a和3.38a气候变化周期控制着我国北方地区沙尘暴的发生。此外,北方不同地区近150a以来的人类活动对沙漠化的扩大起到了重要作用。 相似文献
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Spatio-temporal distributions of climate disasters and the response of wheat yields in China from 1983 to 2008 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Climate disasters are now on the rise and more likely to increase in frequency and/or severity under climate change in the future. To clearly illustrate spatial–temporal distributions of climate disasters and the response of wheat yields to disasters over the past three decades, several disaster indices including the impact of climate disasters, the sensitivity to climate disasters and the response index of wheat yield losses to climate disasters were defined and calculated. The impact and sensitivity indices were examined by the agricultural production losses due to climate disasters, and the response of wheat yields to climate disasters was assessed by wheat yield loss compared with the 5-year moving average. The results showed that the indices of climate disaster impacts and sensitivities as well as response index of wheat yields to climate disasters could represent the spatial–temporal distributions of climate disasters well in the whole China. Droughts in northern China had higher impacts and sensitivities than those in southern China during the period 1983–2008, but the impacts of floods were opposite. In northern China, although impacted area by drought was larger than that by flood, the flood sensitivities were larger than drought sensitivities when flood happened. Although drought significantly affected wheat yields in most of the regions with drier conditions during 1983–2008 in major wheat-producing regions, better management practices like irrigation and drought-tolerant cultivars applied in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain can adapt to climate disasters especially droughts. To ensure the stability of agricultural production, future food security will need to be achieved through quantifying the relative effects of climate disasters and effective adaptation to increasingly frequent extreme climate events. 相似文献
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220ka BP来萨拉乌苏河流域地质剖面地球化学特征及其对全球气候变化的响应 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
萨拉乌苏河流域位于我国北方沙漠/黄土过渡带和生态脆弱带,它对全球气候变化反映非常敏感,是研究全球气候变化响应的理想区域.对该区域滴哨沟湾剖面地球化学元素氧化物及其比值变化进行了分析,结果表明:约220 ka BP以来我国北方气候变化极不稳定,存在着不同时间尺度的频繁变化,这种不稳定性无论是在冰期还是间冰期都有很好的反映.其中倒数第二次间冰期存在3次气候波动;倒数第二次冰期存在7个气候旋回;末次间冰期存在7个气候旋回;末次冰期存在9个气候旋回.这些气候变化与深海氧同位素、极地冰芯反映的全球变化具有良好的对应关系,反映了该区气候变化与全球变化的高度一致性. 相似文献
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大同盆地地处我国季风影响的北部边缘, 第四纪以来盆地内发育厚层的河湖相地层, 其上覆盖马兰黄土或全新世沉积, 蕴含着丰富的气候环境变迁信息, 是研究气候环境变化的理想场所. 在对盆地内地层考察的基础上, 对晚近地质时期河湖相与风成相互层沉积剖面的磁化率、粒度变化进行了分析. 结果表明: 220 ka BP以来大同盆地气候变化经历了中更新世(220~199 ka BP)暖湿期、中更新世(199~138 ka BP)干冷期、末次间冰期(138~71 ka BP)暖湿期、末次冰期(71~11 ka BP)干冷期、全新世(11 ka BP至今)频繁的干冷暖湿波动变化过程, 每个阶段仍有次一级的气候波动. 大同盆地这种气候变化与深海氧同位素以及我国北方萨拉乌苏河地区、岱海等地揭示的气候变化有很好的对应, 反映出本区气候变化是对全球冰期-间冰期气候波动的响应. 相似文献
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With the development of regional climate simulation, CWRF, the new generation regional climate model, is increasingly used in climate research because of its advanced capability and high skill. The CWRF application in China was introduced from three aspects: its modifications of WRF physics parameterizations, the construction of modeling domain and lateral boundary conditions, the case simulation study and comparison with RegCM, illustrating the accuracy and advantage of CWRF in regional climate simulations. Furthermore, two major CWRF developmental prospects in China were explored: one was to incorporate more accurate physical parameterization schemes and optimized multi-physics ensemble approach; the other was to nest CWRF in GCMs for short-term climate operational forecast and long-term climate change prediction and impact assessment. The status of CWRF applications in China was summarized and the outlook of its further development was pointed out, which provided a meaningful reference for more general research and application. 相似文献
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河北南部石炭-二叠纪古气候演化特征 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
通过对河北南部的石炭二叠纪含煤岩系的岩石学、矿物学及地球化学等特征的研究表明,河北南部晚石炭世到早二叠世早期气候温暖潮湿,早二叠世晚期逐渐向半干旱气候转变,晚二叠世气候又再次向温暖潮湿转变,气候为半湿半干,至晚二叠世末则变得较为炎热、干旱.整体上研究区晚古生代气候由温暖潮湿向炎热干旱转变,但其中又存在着一定程度的波动.这种古气候演变与华北板块所处位置以及晚古生代古地中海的逐渐闭合有关,同时,华北板块晚古生代发生了多次海侵,这种海水的进退所带来的周期性湿气变化,导致了气候的波动,并于晚古生代末海水最终退出华北板块时,气候变得较为干旱. 相似文献
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地球在晚古生代晚期—中生代早期经历最近一次从冰室到温室的气候转变,是理解未来地球冰川消融、全球变暖等气候转变的重要窗口。这一时期的沉积记录和气候模型研究揭示,冰川活动、大气pCO2和气候状态间存在复杂的耦合和反馈机制,同时伴随发生陆表植被更替和生物迁移。随冰川消融、大气pCO2升高和全球变暖,低纬大陆区干旱化趋势和季节性降雨增强,出现季风气候并在冰室之后的三叠纪温室盛行。华南和华北是位于东特提斯低纬区的主要大陆,其石炭—二叠系在沉积和生物特征上与Pangea超大陆西侧热带区差异显著,蕴含有丰富的深时气候变化信息。基于前人成果,在简述石炭—三叠纪全球气候变化的基础上,对东特提斯低纬区石炭—三叠纪沉积记录进行总结,阐明其深时古气候研究意义和研究前景。 相似文献
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Water resources play an important role in supporting the economic and social development of China. The impact of climate change on water resources has become a bottleneck in this process, especially for major projects, with surface water and groundwater systems experiencing considerable impacts. The annual natural recharge of fresh groundwater is 8 840×10~8 m~3, which accounts for approximately 31% of the water resources. Groundwater is the most significant water source for many cities and energy bases, and it is also the main source acting as a buffer against extreme climate events caused by climate change. However, most of the groundwater in China buried deeply and unevenly, which increases the difficulty of investigating and exploiting this resource.This paper illustrates the general conditions of China water resources and hydrogeological hazards, such as karst sinkholes, surface subsidence, and soil salinization, caused by climate change, El Nino, La Nina, other climate events and human activities and presents the regulatory measures enacted to mitigate these issues in China.The China Geological Survey(CGS) has organized professional teams to investigate and evaluate groundwater resources and the environment since 1999. Based on these investigations, the total quantity, expected exploitable quantity and current exploited quantity of groundwater in whole China have been evaluated. In addition, an evaluation of the groundwater pollution caused by climate change throughout China and key areas has been conducted. At present, the CGS is conducting national groundwater monitoring projects and establishing regional engineering and technical measures for water resource exploitation and utilization. 相似文献
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Hydrological dynamics of sedimentary basins are essential for understanding regional climatic pattern in the geological past. In previous qualitative studies lithologically depending on the occurrence of featured sedimentary rocks, the Eocene climate of China had been subdivided into three latitudinal zones, with one subtropical high-controlled arid zone throughout middle China, and two humid zones respectively in the north and south. However, recent advances on mammalian fauna distribution, plant fossil-based quantitative paleoclimatic reconstruction, and modeling experiment jointly suggest that the relatively humid monsoonal climate might have prevailed over the territory. Here we examine and compare sedimentary sequences of 10 Eocene sections across eastern China, and hence the lake level fluctuations, to discuss the nature of climate type. Our results show that, instead of the categorically zonal pattern, the hydroclimate dynamics is intensified landward. This is demonstrated by the fact that, in contrast to the wide developed coal layers around the periphery, evaporites are growingly occurred endocentrically to the central part of middle China. However, although we have had assumed that all evaporites are indicator of extreme aridity, the highly oscillated climate in the central part of middle China was humid in the majority of the Eocene, distinct from permanent arid as seen in deserts or steppe along modern horse latitude. From the upcountry distribution pattern of the Eocene hydrological dynamics, it appears that the relatively dry climate in central China was caused by the impact of continentality or rain shadow effect under monsoonal, or monsoon-like climate. 相似文献
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北方气候干旱化趋势越来越强烈, 对生态环境产生了巨大影响.在分析气候干旱化研究现状基础上, 讨论了地下水系统在地球表层系统中的地位、对地球表层系统的调节作用以及对北方干旱化趋势研究的意义, 分析了地下水系统的退化对北方气候干旱化的作用.研究表明其已经产生了不可忽视的环境效应, 具体表现在地下水的过量开采使区域地下水系统退化, 导致地球浅表水、热、CO2转换模式的改变, 造成水热失调, 加快局域气候干旱化.认为应该研究地下水系统演化规律, 揭示其时相变化对干旱化形成和发展的作用机理, 评估、预测未来地下水开发的相关环境效应, 提出防止干旱化的地下水开发调控模式, 从而为北方干旱化地区实施可持续发展提供科学依据. 相似文献
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我国重大气候灾害的形成机理和预测理论研究 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
国家重点基础研究发展计划项目“我国重大气候灾害的形成机理和预测理论的研究”把20世纪80年代以来我国所发生的旱涝重大气候灾害作为项目研究的切入点,从气候系统各圈层的变化及其相互作用,特别是从气候系统中海—陆—气各子系统的变化和相互作用及其对我国重大气候灾害的影响机理入手,对我国重大气候灾害进行了深入分析研究,提出了与我国旱涝重大气候灾害形成机理有关的“东亚气候系统”新理论,指出这个系统的时空变化特征及其对我国旱涝等重大气候灾害发生的重要作用;从东亚季风—西太平洋暖池—ENSO循环相互作用及机理的研究,提出了热带西太平洋对热带太平洋ENSO循环的热力和动力作用以及与亚洲季风的相互作用过程,指出了ENSO循环的不同阶段对于东亚季风和我国气候异常的不同影响及其机理;提出了高原热力适应理论,应用此理论揭示了高原热力变化对南亚高压东西振荡影响的物理过程。在上述理论研究的基础上提出了ENSO循环的数值预测模式和我国跨季度和年度气候异常的数值预测系统,研制了新一代气候耦合数值模型中的大气环流数值模式。通过这两个预测系统的研制使我国对ENSO事件预测水平有了较大提高,并成功地预测了我国1998—2003年夏季所发生的严重旱涝气候灾害。此外,成功地进行了我国西北干旱区陆—气相互作用观测试验,获取了许多有关我国典型干旱区陆—气相互作用有价值的科学数据,并得到许多原创性的科学结果,为开发大西北提供了可靠的气候环境资料。本项目的完成不仅为今后开展我国重大气候灾害的发生规律、成因与预测研究奠定了坚实的理论和数值模型基础,而且对于国家旱涝气候灾害预测水平的提高,减轻气候灾害造成的经济损失具有重要的经济和社会效益。 相似文献
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利用树轮稳定碳同位素组成（δ１３Ｃｔ）序列可以较为灵敏地记录降水变化的特性，以长白山树轮δ１３Ｃｔ序列为降水变化的自然记录体，探讨太阳活动对长白山乃至东北季风气候区降水变化的影响。研究指出：１）２００年来长白山及东北季风气候区降水变化有准２２年的周期性波动；２）东北季风气候区里，东南季风强弱变化具有准２２年的周期性振荡；３）直接控制东南季风强弱变化的西太平洋副热带高压的活动可能具有相应的准２２年周期 相似文献
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Yong-Jian Ding Chen-Yu Li Xiaoming WANG Yan Wang Sheng-Xia Wang Ya-Ping Chang Jia Qin Shao-Ping Wang Qiu-Dong Zhao Zeng-Ru Wang 《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2013,73(2):210-223
Society could sustain the impact of climate change by adapting to the change and mitigating risks from adverse effects of increasing changes, so that it can continue maintaining its prospect and improving wellbeing. Nevertheless, climate change is more or less affecting society's functions at different scales, including both individuals and communities. In this review, we discuss the relationship between society and climate change in China from the aspects of the needs at different socioeconomic developing stages. The relationship as well as the current spatial pattern and future risks of the climate change impacts on societies are summarized. The complexity of social and climatic systems leads to the spatial heterogeneity of climate impacts and risks in China. To more effectively leverage increasing knowledge about the past, we advocate greater cross-disciplinary collaboration between climate adaption, poverty alleviation and Nature-based Solutions (Nbs). That could provide decision makers with more comprehensive train of thoughts for climate policy making. 相似文献
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Yong-Jian Ding Chen-Yu Li Xiaoming WANG Yan Wang Sheng-Xia Wang Ya-Ping Chang Jia Qin Shao-Ping Wang Qiu-Dong Zhao Zeng-Ru Wang 《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2010,70(2):210-223
Society could sustain the impact of climate change by adapting to the change and mitigating risks from adverse effects of increasing changes, so that it can continue maintaining its prospect and improving wellbeing. Nevertheless, climate change is more or less affecting society's functions at different scales, including both individuals and communities. In this review, we discuss the relationship between society and climate change in China from the aspects of the needs at different socioeconomic developing stages. The relationship as well as the current spatial pattern and future risks of the climate change impacts on societies are summarized. The complexity of social and climatic systems leads to the spatial heterogeneity of climate impacts and risks in China. To more effectively leverage increasing knowledge about the past, we advocate greater cross-disciplinary collaboration between climate adaption, poverty alleviation and Nature-based Solutions (Nbs). That could provide decision makers with more comprehensive train of thoughts for climate policy making. 相似文献
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《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2002,62(2):210-223
Society could sustain the impact of climate change by adapting to the change and mitigating risks from adverse effects of increasing changes, so that it can continue maintaining its prospect and improving wellbeing. Nevertheless, climate change is more or less affecting society's functions at different scales, including both individuals and communities. In this review, we discuss the relationship between society and climate change in China from the aspects of the needs at different socioeconomic developing stages. The relationship as well as the current spatial pattern and future risks of the climate change impacts on societies are summarized. The complexity of social and climatic systems leads to the spatial heterogeneity of climate impacts and risks in China. To more effectively leverage increasing knowledge about the past, we advocate greater cross-disciplinary collaboration between climate adaption, poverty alleviation and Nature-based Solutions (Nbs). That could provide decision makers with more comprehensive train of thoughts for climate policy making. 相似文献