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我国中西部前陆盆地的特殊性和多样性及其天然气勘探 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
通过对我国中西部前陆盆地构造特征、大地构造背景、地球物理特征的理论研究和典型前陆盆地的详细解析,系统分析了我国中西部前陆盆地的发育特征和特殊性。强调晚二叠世以来大小不一、形态各异的多块体小型克拉通的聚合碰撞作用是导致中西部前陆盆地群形成的基本动力学过程：这些小型克拉通的多块体聚合碰撞造就了中西部前陆盆地的特殊性和多样性。同时,明确提出中西部盆地的基本特点是“两期三类前陆盆地”,即海西一印支期前陆盆地和喜山期前陆盆地,三类指海西一印支期的周缘前陆盆地和弧后前陆盆地、喜山期再生前陆盆地。根据前陆盆地的盆地结构和演化特征,又将中西部的前陆盆地划分为4种组合形式,即叠合型组合、改造型组合、早衰型组合和新生型组合。综合论述了不同时期不同类型前陆盆地构造对天然气聚集的五大控制作用。 相似文献
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《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2005,337(1-2):97-106
This paper reports on glacier variations in two mountainous regions of the world, the Alps and the tropical Andes. Available records of snout position and glacier mass balance are compared and interpreted on a climatological basis. In both regions, there is a long-term decreasing trend over the 20th century. The yield of this trend is different from one glacier to the other, depending on geographic and geometric characteristics. Analysing the surface energy balance, net all wave radiation is the main energy flux at the glacier surface. The turbulent fluxes represent an important term with strong positive sensible heat flux in the Alps and strong negative latent heat flux (sublimation) in the Andes. Tropical glaciers are sensitive to inter-annual variations in solid precipitation that affects the albedo, whereas Alpine glaciers are strongly influenced by air temperature changes in the Alps. To cite this article: C. Vincent et al., C. R. Geoscience 337 (2005). 相似文献
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Variations of the tree line and glaciers in the Central and Eastern Altai regions in the Holocene 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Variations in the tree line position and glacier activity in the Central and Eastern Altai regions in the Holocene were reconstructed on the basis of analysis of sixty radiocarbon and eighteen dendrochronological dates. The tree line was higher than now in the Early and Middle Holocene, and the climate was warmer and, likely, more humid. Glaciers advanced in the forests 300, 1400, and 3000–6000 years ago. In the last millennium the forest decline at the upper tree limit occurred in 1206–1256, 1445–1501, and 1642–1736. 相似文献
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本文利用1∶50000遵义市、遵义县两幅区域地质调查成果等资料,对该区地层岩石及其风化土壤中环境微量元素地球化学背景、各时代地层岩石及其风化土壤环境微量元素分布特征及地球化学异常作了分析总结.进而作出了该区岩石及土壤的环境微量元素质量评述.重点认为,微量元素在土壤中的含量分区与成土母岩地层的平面分布关系十分密切,地层及岩性因素是土壤中元素分布的主导因素,从而形成了自然的土壤地球化学分区;区内存在三类土壤元素地球化学异常：一是由某些地层岩石风化而成（主要类型）,二是由地质构造及热液蚀变导致（次要类型）, 三是由矿产开发等人类活动造成（应高度关注的类型）;应当辩证看待微量必需元素的高背景地层及地球化学异常层,通过合理利用它们来为人类服务. 相似文献
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A. A. Peyve 《Geotectonics》2010,44(1):60-75
The magmatic and tectonic activity of eastern South America and the western South Atlantic shows that extension of the continental
crust is the determinant factor of magmatism. Heating of the upper mantle is a necessary condition of its manifestation. Ascending
plume material is a source of additional heat. In the Early Mesozoic, Eastern Brazil was situated above a large, ascending
and probably ramifying plume, which has supplied heat and material since the Triassic, creating favorable conditions for continental
magmatism. Magmatic activity continued, gradually waning, until the Neogene as evidence for long-term retention of heat energy
beneath the continental lithosphere after the plume ascent. It has been shown that heated mantle material can be displaced
from the continent to the ocean for a significant distance beneath the lithosphere with the formation of linear tectonomagmatic
rises of the oceanic crust. The structural elements inherited certain directions on the continent and in the ocean, beginning
from the Neoproterozoic. These directions were reactivated and continued to control the younger structural grain and magmatic
activity. In Southeastern Brazil, these were the structural units striking in the southeastern (about 120° SE) and northeastern
directions parallel to the continent-ocean boundary. In Northeastern Brazil, the W-E- and N—S-trending structural units are
predominant. All these directions are manifested in oceanic structural units (Rio Grande, Vitória-Trindadi, Fernando de Noronha,
Pernambuco rises, etc.). 相似文献
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国际埃迪卡拉系年代地层学研究进展与发展趋势 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
埃迪卡拉系为国际地层表新增的新元古界最上部的系级年代地层单位,层型剖面被确定为南澳大利亚弗林德斯山脉依诺拉马河剖面,其底界点位（GSSP）选定为埃拉逖那冰成杂砾岩（Elatina diamictite）之上盖帽碳酸盐岩努卡利那组（Nuccaleena Formation）的下界（Gradstein et al．,2004;Knoll et al．,2004）。我国修定后的震旦系与埃迪卡拉系完全相当,底界以南沱冰碛岩之上盖帽碳酸盐岩的下界为界。本文综合国际地层委员会新元古代地层分会以及相关国家和地区近年来在埃迪卡拉系年代地层学领域研究的新进展、存在问题以及未来发展趋势作一概要介绍,以期引起国内晚前寒武纪地层古生物学者的广泛关注。 相似文献
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西北地区盐渍化土地开发中存在问题及防治对策 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在分析我国西北地区盐溃化土地形成机制的基础上,着重研究了西北地区盐渍化土地开发利用过程中所引发的环境问题：上游灌区土地次生盐渍化、水肥利用效率低,下游地区水土污染、水资源短缺、生态恶化,最后给出了相应的防治对策和建议。 相似文献
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海拉尔盆地贝尔凹陷油源及油气运移研究 总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20
海拉尔盆地贝尔凹陷南屯组源岩有机质丰度高、类型好且已成熟,为本区的主要生油岩。大磨拐河组一段为次要生油岩。贝尔凹陷烃源岩灶主要分布在贝西洼陷和贝中的敖脑海洼陷中。油油对比显示出各构造带上的原油具有相似的生物标志化合物分布,表明来源于相同源岩。油岩对比指示原油主要来自于南屯组生油岩。苏德尔特构造带原油沿断裂带由西向东运移,呼和诺仁构造带原油由贝西洼陷北部源岩灶运移而来,纵向上原油显示出从下向上的运移特点。贝尔凹陷油气运移通道主要是断裂或不整合面,通源断裂两侧为油气勘探的有利部位。 相似文献
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Kozlov V. I. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):23-30
The paper deals with the processes of ethnic consolidation, ethnic and linguistic assimilation and inter-ethnic integration taking place in the USSR. The author shows the influence of consolidation and assimilation processes over the trends in the numerical strength of individual peoples and the resulting change in the country's ethnic composition as this is reflected in the Soviet population censuses of 1926, 1959, 1970, and 1979. 相似文献
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Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated. 相似文献
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Diamond crystallization in the Fe-Co-S-C and Fe-Ni-S-C systems and the role of sulfide-metal melts in the genesis of diamond 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
E. I. Zhimulev A. I. Chepurov E. F. Sinyakova V. M. Sonin A. A. Chepurov N. P. Pokhilenko 《Geochemistry International》2012,50(3):205-216
Diamond crystals 0.1–0.8 carats were synthesized in experiments conducted in a BARS split-sphere multianvil high-pressure
apparatus in the systems Fe-Co-S-C and Fe-Ni-S-C at a pressure of 5.5 GPa and temperature of 1300°C. The microtextures of
the samples and the phases accompanying diamond (carbides, graphite, monoslufide solid solution, pentlandite, and taenite)
are examined in much detail, the properties of metal-sulfide-carbon alloys are discussed, and issues related to the genesis
of sulfide inclusions in diamonds and graphite crystallization in the diamond stability field are considered. The experiments
demonstrate that diamonds can be synthesized and grow in pre-eutectic metal-sulfide melts with up to 14 wt % sulfur at relatively
low P-T parameters, which correspond to the probable temperatures and pressures of natural diamond-forming processes at depths of
approximately 150 km in the Earth’s upper mantle. 相似文献
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通过对播卡、新田、小溜口金矿矿化层位的对比研究,认为其矿化层位同属于汤丹群平顶山组。金矿赋矿地层平顶山组为成矿提供了主要物质来源,播卡金矿、新田金矿属于构造蚀变岩型金矿床。认为会东-东川地区平顶山组的找金工作,应以地层、岩浆岩、断裂、蚀变为重要线索。新田矿区及其外围、播卡金矿区控矿剪切破碎带南延地段、小溜口-人民凹-燕子岩地区有继续寻找同类型矿床的潜力。 相似文献
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V.A. Kashirtsev T.M. Parfenova A.K. Golovko B.L. Nikitenko I.N. Zueva O.N. Chalaya 《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2018,59(10):1380-1388
The composition and distribution of phenanthrenes (polyaromatic compounds) have been studied in chloroform extracts from dispersed organic matter (OM) of clayey, siliceous, carbonate, and terrigenous rocks of different ages and facies and from some oils of the Siberian Platform. Phenanthrenes have been analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. High contents of 1,7,8-trimethylphenanthrene and 1,1,7,8-tetramethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrophenanthrene are present in the OM of Vendian and Cambrian carbonate-shale deposits and in ancient oils of the Nepa-Botuobiya and Anabar anteclises. The OM of Permian continental deposits and oils of the Vilyui syneclise is dominated by 1-methyl-7-isopropylphenanthrene (retene). A triangular diagram for identification of the types of original OM of rocks and classification of genetically related oils has been constructed based on the assessment of phenanthrene biomarker distribution. Putative pathways of the formation of phenanthrene biomarkers are discussed. 相似文献
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The distribution of radioactive Cs and heavy metals (V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Hg, and Pb) in the lichen-substrate system and in lichen tissues were examined using the example of Cladonia genera. The upper podetia-lower podetia-dead podetia-base-substrate system was sampled at 32 sites in Novosibirsk oblast and Altai administrative territory, 16 of which were selected for detailed studying of the trace element distribution in the upper and lower podetia using cold press and the modified Dexter technique. One in vivo and two in vitro experiments simulated the influence of metal-rich atmospheric fallouts on the lichen carpet. The lichen carpet was irrigated by solution of metal nitrates (Co, Cu, Zn, Cd, Hg, and Pb) in the former case and loaded in these solution during the latter experiment. The experiment performed in the laboratory conditions (in vitro) was aimed at studying the dynamics of metal accumulation in lichen constituents and their subsequent extraction with distilled water to monitor metal sorption on the podetium cell walls. The metal contents and the activity of radioactive Cs in the lichen samples, including lichen cell sap, as well as in the base and substrate, were determined by atomic-absorption and gamma spectroscopic methods. In terms of accumulation, the elements are subdivided into two groups. The lowest contents of Group-1 elements (137 Cs, Zn, Cd, Hg, and Pb) were found in the substrate, and the highest contents, detected at the base and dead podetium, are presumably of technogenic origin. The Group-2 elements (Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, and Cu) enrich the substrate. It was established that the elements are mainly accumulated in lichens in cell walls and the membrane. The lichen sap and water-soluble compounds of protoplasma contain less than 0.1% of the total element content in the tissue. Most Zn, Cd, Co, and Pb ions (about 80% of the total absorbed amount) migrated from experimental solution into lichen cells during the first 12 h. 相似文献
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Eliyahu Rosenthal Akiva Flexer Peter Möller 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2006,95(4):725-740
One of the most important processes leading to the deterioration of groundwater in Israel is the migration of brines penetrating into fresh groundwater bodies. Such manifestations occur at an ever increasing frequency and in unexpected locations. The hydrochemistry of these processes reveals the possibility of involvement of several types of brines. The distribution and the hydrostratigraphic sequence of the brines is correlated with the evolution of paleoenvironments during the geological history of the region. Several major phases of brine and evaporite formation are discerned: The earliest phase occurred in the Paleozoic–Early Mesozoic (Yam Suf–Ramon–Lower Arad Groups) during which brines were generated by dissolution of evaporites. The second major phase in the evolution of brines occurred during the Mio-Pliocene. In the western areas of the country, the brines were generated mainly by the post-Messinian ingression of seawater which dissolved evaporites and reacted with the invaded rock sequence. In the Rift and in adjoining areas, the dominant brine was the final product of the evaporation of an inland marine lagoon (the Sdom Sea) which penetrated into an environment prevalently built of previously formed rocks and, particularly of clastic beds filling at that time, the nascent rift. From this evaporating lagoon precipitated evaporates, the dissolution of which produced brines. A further step in the hydrochemical evolution in the Rift was the creation of the Lisan Lake, which became progressively saline, probably as the result of dissolution and flushing of salts derived from the previous hypersaline Sdom Sea. The contemporary phase in the Rift is characterized by an ongoing process of flushing-out of residual brines and dissolution of evaporites by currently recharged fresh water. Throughout the geological history of the area, four major periods of flushing stand out. These occurred between the Triassic and the Jurassic, at the end of the Jurassic, as the result of the Oligocene uplift and as part of the Messinian event. As the result of these processes, the rock-sequences were flushed off previously formed brines and evaporites and were “made ready” for following generations of liquids. 相似文献
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黔东南金矿地质勘查及找矿研究程度低,为之利用区域重磁资料,研究深部成矿环境,圈定区内可能存在一处大型的中心式喷发火山环形构造或隐伏岩浆岩体分布群。岩体异常北东向分布,覆盖面积广,组合形态复杂,分带特征明显,跨越黔湘桂三省区,主体异常在贵州,部分在湖南和广西,并受控于3条深大断裂,见中心环带、内环带、过渡环带、外环带,4带发育齐全,火山岩相配套出现,岩体异常分枝发育。研究发现天柱—锦屏—黎平及丹寨—三都与湘西会同—怀化等地区金矿,极有规律地分布于相应构造环带和地表背斜区及有利赋矿地层内,由内环向外环依次出现石英脉型、蚀变岩型、微细粒浸染型金矿。所圈定的潜火山构造或隐伏岩体群,将对黔湘桂交界地区地质特征及金矿成矿规律产生新的认识,具有重要的地质意义。 相似文献
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大洋岩石圈和大陆岩石圈的元素丰度 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
根据大洋地壳、大陆地壳、上地幔和球岩石圈的元素丰度资料,本文初次分别求出大洋岩石圈和大陆岩石圈的元素丰度.可用作研究化学元素在洋圈或陆圈内各地区分布特征的地球化学背景值. 相似文献