共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
V.I Kozlov 《Geoforum》1972,3(1):47-53
The article characterizes the multinational composition of the population of the USSR and the processes of ethnic consolidation and mutual rapprochement of nationalities which are taking place here. This latter process is illustrated by data on the linguistic situation. 相似文献
2.
Suburban Chinatowns are intriguing subjects for study and comparison. These ethnic suburbs, or ethnoburbs, have emerged to
coexist or compete with the older downtown Chinatowns traditionally found in American central cities. Their growth since the
1960s challenges many traditional assumptions regarding the spatial and cultural assimilation of immigrants in U.S. society,
namely that ethnicity would decline with the geographic and socioeconomic mobility of immigrants from the inner city into
the suburbs. We examined recent growth trends in the Chinese ethnoburb of the San Gabriel Valley region of Greater Los Angeles,
through analysis and mapping of U.S. Census data, and discovered ethnic persistence rather than spatial and cultural assimilation.
We also discovered the ethnoburb is differentiated between a lower-class core and two middle-to-upper class fringe districts.
Though there is some linguistic assimilation on the northwest fringe, the majority of the ethnoburban population continues
to speak Chinese. Linguistic isolation is not a barrier to achieving a higher socioeconomic class position in the Chinese
ethnoburb of Los Angeles.
An earlier version of this paper was presented at the American Sociological Association Annual Meeting, San Francisco, California,
August 2004. 相似文献
3.
Using a new approach to classifying migrant group concentrations, we test for evidence of the effects of globalisation, associated by some with ‘protopostmodernity’, on two Australian cities. Sydney is characterised as an emergent world city and a focus of ‘new economy’ activities. Melbourne is associated with ‘old economy’ activities, dominated by manufacturing. In the Australian context, the onset of globalisation also coincided with significant changes to immigration policy: the end of a ‘white Australia’ policy in the early 1970s in favour of a skills-based policy, regardless of race or ethnicity. We argue that the evidence of the spatial behaviour of ethnic groups for these two cities highlights the essential continuity of ethnic segregation and spatial assimilation processes in two cities where segregation levels and experience are fundamentally different from many overseas examples. We further argue for a need to recognise that context, and the ethnic experience, are everywhere different, both intra- and internationally. 相似文献
4.
A. A. Ariskin 《Geochemistry International》2007,45(5):413-427
The paper presents a review of hypotheses of the early magmatic differentiation of the Moon and petrogenetic processes responsible for the origin of the parental magmas of the magnesian suite of the highland crust. An important role of hybridism of the parental magmas is discussed in the context of the transformations of the melting products and the differentiation of the subchondritic mantle via anorthosite assimilation. These processes are thought to have proceeded simultaneously with the consolidation of the anorthosite crust and resulted in high-Mg magmas, which later gave rise to troctolites, norites, and gabbronorites. An updated version of the METEOMOD model was utilized for simulations of the composition of primitive troctolite melts corresponding to equilibrium with olivine of the composition Fo 88 and Fo 91. The differences between the simulated melt compositions are interpreted with regard for variations in the temperature and composition of the parental magnesian liquids that assimilated compositionally similar feldspathic material. The compositional data obtained are a necessary component of a thermochemical model of assimilation that would also involve the enthalpy of phase transitions and the heat capacity for the reactants and products of crystallization associated with the partial dissolution of anorthosites in high-temperature magmas. 相似文献
5.
Wei Li 《GeoJournal》1993,30(3):317-322
There are two main schools of theory in the history of ethnic study in the US: acculturation/assimilation, and ethnicity/pluralism. The former emphasizes ethnic groups will merge to the host society and lose their entity; the latter indicates the ethnic identity will continue to exist. This paper proposes a now model of ethnic group distribution multiple cluster to support ethnicity/pluralism theory by adding the spatial perspective. The model indicates there are both traditional ethnic enclaves in inner city and new relatively concentrated ethnic residential and business districts. Creating a new landscape of their own in suburb will help the persistence of ethnic identity. The situation of Chinese. in Monterey Park becomes a Chinese hub with strong ethnic signature and entities, which attracts more Chinese people and businesses. 相似文献
6.
E. Jones 《GeoJournal》1984,9(3):241-245
Although positivist methodology has been used so extensively in social geography, it is non widely recognized that it is inadequate for describing and understanding social processes as a whole because it eschews cultural values. The behavioural reaction recognized this but still used positivist methodology. Methods may reflect scale, a macro-approach demanding a positivist approach, a micro analysis being more qualitative. Applying both to problems of assimilation in an American ethnic group revealed different processes, both necessary for a full understanding.Aggregate methods and generalized models of man go part of the way only. The quantitative/macro approach must be supplemented by the qualitative/micro. A further departure has been a recognition that social geographers must look at society's needs. Involvement in social processes and policy making is accepted by most. Whether the answer is interpreted by a liberal/concensus approach, or by a radical/revolutionary, is for the individual to decide.Finally, as geographers, social geographers cannot ignore the significance of place and region, whose specificity is sometimes critical in our perception of problems and answers. 相似文献
7.
8.
The geological setting, ages, petrography and geochemistry of late Pan-African ( 580 Ma) calc-alkaline and tholeiitic dike rocks in the Bir Safsaf igneous complex of south-west Egypt are discussed. These basaltic to rhyolitic dikes intruded contemporaneously and shortly after the intrusion of granitoids. The major and trace element data, Sr and Nd isotope relations, in combination with textural observations, confirm complex interactions between most of the intermediate calcalkaline dike melts and plutonic melts, with different degrees of mixing, assimilation, replenishment and tapping of magma chambers. Trachytic and rhyolitic dikes are strongly differentiated melts from the granitic pluton. The tholeiitic dikes evolved dominantly by fractional crystallization processes. It is inferred that open system and closed system processes operated in calc-alkaline magma chambers, and that the calc-alkaline melts came from a garnet-and amphibole-bearing mantle, modified by a subduction component. Tholeiitic rocks were formed later by fractional crystallization and assimilation processes. Magma ascent of both dike types took place in an extensional environment and the presumed subduction zone has to be seen in connection with the Atmur-Delgo suture zone. 相似文献
9.
Sm-Nd isotopic compositions were determined for the peralkaline Ilímaussaq Complex of the Gardar Province of southern Greenland. The majority of the samples in the agpaitic and augite syenitic units have near chondritic initial Nd(≈ 0), whereas a few samples trend towards Nd values as low as − 6 at the time of intrusion (1143 Ma). This latter value, from a sample taken from the margin of the complex, lying on the evolutionary trend for Ketilidian country-rock granitoids, suggests that large-scale contamination took place only at the margins of the complex. The similarity of the Nd isotopic compositions of the augite syenite and agpaitic units suggests that their parental magmas were derived from the same reservoir. A comparison of the Nd with existing Sr and Hf isotopic data for the complex suggests an origin by combined assimilation fractionation processes. Assimilation-fractional crystallization modeling of the isotopic compositions indicates that the Ilímaussaq magmas could have formed through fractional crystallization of a basaltic melt while assimilating granitic crust. The model requires initially higher assimilation rates from basalt to augite syenite composition with subsequent decreasing assimilation rates from augite syenite to agpaitic compositions. Alkali granites, which formed after the intrusion of the augite syenites, have isotopic compositions intermediate between those of the augite syenites and the surrounding Ketilidian basement. This implies even greater amounts of assimilation and is interpreted as evidence for an origin through fractionation of a basaltic or augite syenite magma with concurrent assimilation of Ketilidian crust. 相似文献
10.
Supattra Khamrat Prachya Tepnarong Kiattisak Artkhonghan Kittitep Fuenkajorn 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2018,36(1):49-62
Consolidation tests have been performed to determine the mechanical properties of crushed salt as affected by applied stresses and consolidation period. The crushed salt with particle sizes ranging from 0.075 to 4.76 mm mixed with 5% saturated brine are consolidated under axial stresses ranging from 2.5 to 10 MPa. The consolidation curves show instantaneous and transient strains. The densities, uniaxial compressive strengths and elastic moduli measured after consolidation for 3–180 days increase with applied stresses and time. The crushed salt properties are determined as a function of mean strain energy required during consolidation. The relations are used to predict the crushed salt properties installed in exploratory boreholes under various external pressures. Two main mechanisms strengthen and stiffen the crushed salt mass: (1) consolidation by volumetric change due to particle rearrangement and cracking, and (2) recrystallization and healing processes. The borehole depth and installation time are significant factors controlling the long-term density, strength and stiffness of the crushed salt seal. 相似文献
11.
天然沉积结构性土的次固结变形预测方法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
结构性土存在着其特有的变形和强度特性,次固结特性也表现出明显区别于与重塑土。通过对连云港天然沉积原状土和重塑土进行一维压缩次固结试验,研究了典型结构性土的次固结特性。试验结果表明,土体由于受结构性影响,结构破坏前后其次固结特性发生明显变化;结构屈服前（固结压力小于固结屈服压力）不发生次固结变形或次固结变形甚微;当土体处于屈服状态时,土体次固结变形突然增大,次固结系数Cα出现峰值;结构屈服后（固结压力大于固结屈服压力）,Cα随固结压力的增大而减小,表现为与当前的应力水平和时间密切相关的特性,应力水平对Cα的影响会随着次固结时间的增长而削弱。基于以上机制,建立了考虑结构性影响的次固结变形计算模型,该模型中Cα不仅与压缩指数Cc有关,且也与时间有关,基于该模型计算得到的Cα值和次固结变形均与试验值吻合较好。 相似文献
12.
强夯荷载作用瞬间饱和土层固结变形计算 总被引：11，自引：3，他引：8
在已有强夯荷载作用下饱和土层内孔隙水压力分布理论研究成果的基础上,提出了一个预估强夯荷载作用瞬间由于孔隙水压力消散所引起的饱和土层固结变形量的计算方法;讨论了固结系数、卸荷固结比等土性参数对强夯冲击荷载作用下固结变形量大小的影响,进一步解释了强夯法加固饱和土层的机理。 相似文献
13.
The origin and evolution of the Rosses magma series are consideredin terms of the processes of partial fusion, assimilation, andcrystallization differentiation. Discussion of these processesis assisted by a consideration of the actual course of crystallizationat the level of emplacement The chemical variation in the Rossescomplex is shown to be inconsistent with crystallization differentiation,but can be explained by a combination of the other two processes.A scheme of magmatic evolution is proposed which explains boththe chemical variation in the complex and the relation betweencomposition and order of emplacement. 相似文献
14.
通过工程实例介绍了采用高压旋喷桩处理静压预应力管桩桩端湿陷性土层持力层的施工技术。由于原工程地质勘察报告没有提供桩端湿陷性土层的有关资料,在大量静压预应力管桩成桩且经静荷载检测均满足设计要求后,随着成桩时间的延长,成桩桩头发生自行下沉,在对桩作静载复测,确证此时桩的承载力不再满足设计要求,因而发现桩端持力层为湿陷性土层,并经复勘验证。这时对桩端湿陷性土层的加固施工存在诸多限制,这种特殊条件下,采取了针对性的施工操作、工艺流程、技术参数及措施。 相似文献
15.
Elisabetta Cattoni Chiara Miriano Laura Boco Claudio Tamagnini 《Acta Geotechnica》2016,11(6):1385-1399
In this work, the effects of coupled hydromechanical (consolidation) processes associated with shield tunneling excavation in soft clays are investigated with particular attention to the prediction of ground movements at the ground surface. A series of 2d FE analyses have been carried out in parametric form in order to investigate the effects of tunnel excavation velocity relative to the soil consolidation rate and the hydraulic boundary conditions at the tunnel boundary. The shield advancement process has been simulated with a simplified procedure incorporating both volume loss and ovalization of the tunnel section. In order to investigate the relative importance of soil consolidation during the excavation process, different characteristic times for the tunnel face advancement and for the consolidation process around the tunnel have been considered, for the two limiting conditions of fully permeable liner and impervious liner. The potential damage induced by the tunnel excavation on existing structures, based on computed ground surface distortions and horizontal deformations, has been found to vary significantly with time during the consolidation process. The results of the simulations allowed to obtain useful information on the minimum tunnel face advancement speed for which the assumption of fully undrained conditions for the soil during the excavations is acceptable, as well as on the speed range for which solving the fully coupled hydromechanical problem is necessary. 相似文献
16.
新疆北山地区红石山镁铁-超镁铁岩体的岩石矿物学特征:对同化混染和结晶分异过程的启示 总被引：14，自引：7，他引：7
结晶分异和同化混染是侵入岩体形成过程中控制岩相成分和分异程度的主导因素。探讨这两个因素在岩浆演化过程中的作用阶段及对矿物成分变化的影响对揭示岩体成因和成矿具有重要意义。新疆北山地区的红石山镁铁-超镁铁岩体钻孔剖面上岩相和各种矿物含量的渐变特征反映了岩浆演化的结晶分异过程。长石中Si、Na、Al、Ca和单斜辉石中Si、Al、Ti、Ca、Mg的系统变化揭示不同程度的同化混染作用。橄榄石和尖晶石对同化混染作用的反应较为迟缓,但其Fo、Ni和Cr#、Ti对新鲜岩浆注入较为敏感。这些矿物化学对岩浆演化过程的推断与全岩成分变化的指示相一致。因此,矿物化学在研究岩浆演化方面将会发挥重要作用。 相似文献
17.
基于分段线性方法,建立了饱和软土一维自重固结模型（简称SWC模型）。该模型能考虑自重固结过程中土体的大变形效应和材料参数的非线性变化。将该模型的计算结果与相关解析解、现场试验及室内试验结果进行了对比验证,证明了SWC模型能准确计算出大变形和非线性条件下饱和软土的自重固结过程,包括沉降量、平均固结度、孔隙比分布和超孔隙水压力分布等参数随时间的变化过程。随后,以现场试验为基础,采用SWC模型对饱和软土自重固结的4个主要影响因素（即土体初始高度、边界排水条件、初始孔隙比和土粒相对密度）进行了参数分析。结果表明,上述4个参数对软土自重固结过程均具有重要影响：土体初始高度越高,则自重固结沉降量和最终平均应变值越大;边界排水条件对土体自重固结的速度有重要影响,但不影响自重固结的最终沉降量;初始孔隙比越大,则自重固结沉降量越大,其完成自重固结所需时间越短;土粒相对密度越大,则土体的最终沉降量越大,完成自重固结所需时间越短。 相似文献
18.
对深入了解土在外荷作用下的孔隙水压力与变形变化规律对研究土的排水固结机理具有重要意义。对黄石地区淤泥质土进行分级加荷与一次性加荷的各向等压固结试验及单向固结试验,分析全过程孔压与变形的变化规律,结果表明：两种加荷方式孔压消散的规律并不相同,当孔压降到相应某临界值以下时,固结过程会变得缓慢,即使在较大的外荷载作用下,土中孔压反映也远不如加载初期明显。固结排水过程具有阶段性,这主要是自由水与孔隙水排水速度变化所引起的。黄石淤泥质土的主固结时间总体在5-100min范围内,当固结压力接近先期固结压力时固结系数最小,而次固结系数约为最大值。 相似文献
19.
Magma Mixing and the Production of Compositional Variation within Granite Suites: Evidence from the Granites of Southeastern Australia 总被引：15，自引：3，他引：15
Granite suites are groups of plutons possessing characteristicfeatures that are a result of their derivation from source materialof a specific composition. Variation within suites has beenascribed to a variety of processes. Magma mixing or minglingis a popular hypothesis, generally proposed in terms of blendingbetween a crustal melt and mafic material from the mantle thatcaused that melting. When the compositions of pairs of suitesfrom the Bega Batholith of southeastern Australia are compared,any differences seen at either end of the range in compositionare also seen at the other limit, so that both the most maficand most felsic rocks show similar relative abundances of particularelements. Similar relationships are seen for other granitesin the region. These observations are not consistent with large-scalemagma mixing or mingling and, although those processes may operateon a small scale, they cannot have been responsible for themajor compositional variations. Likewise, assimilation of countryrocks had no significant role in producing variation in thegranites of southeastern Australia. The production of variationby differential separation of melt from residual solid sourcematerial, or restite, must be favoured for many of the granitesuites of this region. KEY WORDS: assimilation; enclaves; granite suites; magma mixing; restite 相似文献