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我国海相碳酸盐岩层系分布面积广,残余厚度大,油气显示多。由于我国海相碳酸盐岩的复杂性和勘探难度大的客观条件,制约了对碳酸盐岩层系油气资源潜力的认识。陆相生油理论的建立以及陆相盆地的成功勘探,使我国的石油工业走上了独立自主发展的道路。中国海相碳酸盐岩油气勘探经历了几多兴奋,几多困惑,勘探实践表明,随着理论认识的升华、科学技术的进步,新发现的海相碳酸盐岩层系油气田越来越多,越来越大,是我国油气资源战略接替的重要领域。中国东部的陆相油气勘探理论及国外海相油气勘探理论均不能有效的指导我国海相层系的油气勘探,海相油气地质理论必须在继承陆相与国外海相油气地质理论基本要素基础上,进一步创新适用于我国海相碳酸盐岩特点的油气地质理论。 相似文献
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中国古生界油气勘探前景展望 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
几十年来,中国古生代海相成油一直是国内外石油地质学家关注的大问题,1984年塔里木盆地沙参2井实现古生代海相油气重大突破,首次证明"中国古生界海相含丰富的石油".但中国古生界海相油气前景如何?其一认为是油气勘探重点战略接替领域,其二认为前景不大,只是天然气勘探的辅助领域之一。本文从近10年来古生界油气勘探重大进展、古生界油气资源潜力、有利的地质构造条件、多时代成油组合、广泛的勘探领域等方面论述了中国古生界海相油气勘探前景巨大,将是中国油气勘探重要的战略接替领域之一。 相似文献
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刘光鼎院士提出：海相中、古生界为中国油气资源二次创业的理想场所!东海-南海东北部是否有海相中生界?如果有，是否为海相特提斯?其油气勘探的远景能否担当重任?这些问题已成为勘探家关注的热点。 相似文献
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中国海相碳酸盐岩的储层类型、勘探领域及勘探战略 总被引：18，自引：3，他引：18
中国海相碳酸盐岩有效储层成因类型主要包括古风化壳岩溶储层、礁滩储层及层状白云岩储层三大类。陆上中—古生界盆地三类储层均有分布,海上第三系盆地主要发育礁滩储层。针对我国海相油气地质特别是陆上中—古生界油气成藏的复杂性,提出应该加强对勘探及认识程度相对较低的礁滩储层形成的原生岩性-成岩圈闭油气藏的研究与勘探工作。石灰岩古风化壳岩溶储层具有强烈的非均质性,白云岩储层的含油气性比较依赖于有效储盖组合及构造圈闭。鉴于我国海相油气资源潜力巨大、勘探程度较低,故应该加强海相油气资源特别是陆上主要盆地海相油气资源及南海油气资源的研究与勘探开发,尤其要加强层序地层及岩相古地理编图等基础油气地质研究工作。 相似文献
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油气资源是油气工业的基础,随着油气勘探工作的不断深入,油气勘探形势发生了明显变化,亟需评价落实国内常规与非常规油气资源潜力,明确剩余油气资源的重点勘探领域与有利勘探方向,夯实油气资源家底.中国石油天然气集团公司以近十几年来油气勘探成果、地质认识成果与资料积累成果为基础,攻关形成常规与非常规油气资源评价方法技术体系,系统开展了第四次油气资源评价,评价结果显示我国常规石油地质资源量1 080.31×108 t,技术可采资源量272.50×108 t;常规天然气地质资源量78×1012 m3,技术可采资源量48.45×1012 m3.我国非常规油气资源非常丰富,非常规石油地质资源量672.08×108 t,技术可采资源量151.81×108 t;非常规天然气地质资源量284.95×1012 m3,技术可采资源量89.3×1012 m3.其中,致密油地质资源量125.80×108 t,油砂油地质资源量12.55×108 t,油页岩油地质资源量533.73×108 t;致密砂岩气地质资源量21.86×1012 m3,页岩气地质资源量80.21×1012 m3,煤层气地质资源量29.82×1012 m3,天然气水合物153.06×1012 m3.我国陆上常规剩余油气资源主要分布在岩性-地层（碎屑岩）、复杂构造（碎屑岩）、海相碳酸盐岩、前陆冲断带四大重点领域.其中,陆上剩余石油资源主要分布在岩性-地层（碎屑岩）、复杂构造（碎屑岩）两大领域,陆上剩余天然气资源主要分布在海相碳酸盐岩、前陆冲断带两大领域.海域油气资源主要分布在构造、生物礁、深水岩性3个领域. 相似文献
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中国古大陆的地质构造演化、盆地性质和盆山转换过程以及资源分布，决定了我国油气勘探战略方针应为两个并举：海域区勘探和陆上区勘探同时并举；陆上区应为古生代海相盆地和陆相盆地同时并举。中国陆地上的海相油气盆地主要分布在特提斯构造域中，具克拉通基底的塔里木、鄂尔多斯和四川盆地三大海相盆地是当前我国油气资源重要勘探开发区，具有巨大的资源潜力。中国古大陆发育有两个构造层次的海相盆地，早古生代海相盆地沉积了海侵和海退序列两套烃源岩。晚古生代一早印支期的早期海侵序列以储集层为主、烃源岩次之；海平面下降期的盆地具生储双重性。油气勘探开发的实践证明，三大海相盆地在生烃、储集、成藏上具有三个共性：(1)原型盆地演化和沉积序列相同，具五个层系的烃源岩；(2)加里东构造运动形成夭折前陆盆地，造就了古隆起和构造掀斜，形成浅海深水盆和古暴露面；(3)古岩溶碳酸盐岩与上覆晚古生代海侵地层组成了储集成藏体系。 相似文献
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对中国海相盆地油气资源战略选区的思路 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：10
中国古大陆的地质构造演化、盆地性质和盆山转换过程以及资源分布，决定了我国油气勘探战略方针应为两个并举：海域区勘探和陆上区勘探同时并举；陆上区应为古生代海相盆地和陆相盆地同时并举。中国陆地上的海相油气盆地主要分布在特提斯构造域中，具克拉通基底的塔里木、鄂尔多斯和四川盆地三大海相盆地是当前我国油气资源重要勘探开发区，具有巨大的资源潜力。中国古大陆发育有两个构造层次的海相盆地，早古生代海相盆地沉积了海侵和海退序列两套烃源岩。晚古生代一早印支期的早期海侵序列以储集层为主、烃源岩次之；海平面下降期的盆地具生储双重性。油气勘探开发的实践证明，三大海相盆地在生烃、储集、成藏上具有三个共性：(1)原型盆地演化和沉积序列相同，具五个层系的烃源岩；(2)加里东构造运动形成夭折前陆盆地，造就了古隆起和构造掀斜，形成浅海深水盆和古暴露面；(3)古岩溶碳酸盐岩与上覆晚古生代海侵地层组成了储集成藏体系。 相似文献
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ZHAO Zongju 《《地质学报》英文版》2007,81(5):779-797
So far,more than 150 marine oil-gas fields have been found onshore and offshore about 350. The marine source rocks are mainly Paleozoic and Mesozoic onshore whereas Tertiary offshore.Three genetic categories of oil-gas reservoirs have been defined for the marine reservoirs in China:primary reservoirs,secondary reservoirs and hydrocarbon-regeneration reservoirs.And three exploration prospects have also been suggested:(1)Primary reservoirs prospects,which are chiefly distributed in many Tertiary basins of the South China Sea(SCS),the Tertiary shelf basins of the East China Sea (ECS)and the Paleozoic of Tarim basin,Sichuan basin and Ordos basin.To explore large-middle-scale even giant oil-gas fields should chiefly be considered in this category reservoirs.These basins are the most hopeful areas to explore marine oil-gas fields in China,among which especially many Tertiary basins of the SCS should be strengthened to explore.(2)Secondary reservoirs prospects,which are mainly distributed in the Paleozoic and Mesozoic of the Tarim basin,Sichuan basin,Qiangtang basin and Chuxiong basin in western China,of which exploration potential is less than that of the primary reservoirs.(3)Hydrocarbon-regeneration reservoirs prospects,which are chiefly distributed in the Bohai Bay basin,North Jiangsu-South Yellow Sea basin,southern North China basin,Jianghan basin, South Poyang basin in eastern China and the Tarim basin in western China,of which source rocks are generally the Paleozoic.And the reservoirs formed by late-stage(always Cenozoic)secondary hydrocarbon generation of the Paleozoic source rocks should mainly be considered to explore,among which middle-small and small oil-gas fields are the chief exploration targets.As a result of higher thermal evolution of Paleozoic and Mesozoic source rocks,the marine reservoirs onshore are mainly gas fields,and so far marine oil fields have only been found in the Tarim basin.No other than establishing corresponding marine oil-gas exploration and development strategy and policy, sufficiently enhancing cognition to the particularity and complexity of China's marine petroleum geology,and applying new thoughts,new theories and new technologies,at the same time tackling some key technologies,it is possible to fast and effectually exploit and utilize the potential huge marine oil-gas resources of China. 相似文献
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南海北部深水区油气勘探关键地质问题 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
南海北部深水区已经获得了重大的天然气发现,正逐渐成为全球深水油气勘探的热点区之一。通过与相邻陆架区以及世界上典型深水盆地的类比发现,南海北部深水区具有独特的石油地质特征。南海北部大陆边缘经历了从燕山期主动陆缘向新生代边缘海被动陆缘的转变,其演化过程和成盆机制复杂;陆坡深水区具"热盆"特征,凹陷发育超压,其生烃机制不明;深水区距离物源区较远,缺乏世界级大河系的注入,具远源沉积特征,未发现盐层及其相关构造,其油气成藏条件具有特殊性。此外,南海北部深水区海底地形崎岖、多火山,还面临着地震采集、处理等地球物理难题。因此,南海北部深水油气勘探需要在借鉴相邻陆架区和世界其他深水区成功经验的基础上,一方面深入研究其独特的油气地质特征,另一方面研发适应于我国深水环境的地球物理勘探新技术,切实推动深水油气勘探的进程。 相似文献
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南海西部海域构造复杂,主要发育有北东—北东东向、北西向和近南北向3组深大断裂。其中,北西向断裂与板块汇聚、碰撞有关,多具走滑性质;北东—北东东向断裂具有与中国东部裂谷盆地相似的发育特点,呈张扭性质;近南北向断裂可能是南海在扩张活动期间于洋、陆壳过渡部位形成的走滑调节断裂,是洋盆扩张的西部边界。新生代里,南海经历了4次成盆事件与3期扩张活动,盆地经历了古新世—中始新世陆缘断陷、渐新世—早中新世扩展与中中新世以来的热沉降3个演化阶段。陆缘断陷阶段的充填系列主要是北东—北东东向与北西向的河流—冲积扇、湖泊沼泽等陆相沉积及火山岩等;盆地扩展阶段表现为中-小型断陷、断-坳陷逐渐复合与联合为大-中型坳陷,古地理格局逐渐由河流与湖沼陆相环境演变为滨海至浅海相的沉积环境;热沉降阶段的成盆活动逐渐减弱以至停止,地层表现超覆,盆地出现联合迹象。结合以往勘探与油气资源调查成果分析,认为南海西部海域陆架陆坡区发育的大-中型沉积盆地石油地质条件良好,蕴藏着丰富的油气资源,勘探潜力巨大。 相似文献
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我国地质结构具有3大板块、3大构造域多旋回构造演化特征,造就多种类型叠合沉积盆地,构成克拉通+前陆、断陷+坳陷、前陆+坳陷3种主要类型。大型叠合盆地是油气资源分布与勘探开发主体。我国常规与非常规油气资源十分丰富,常规石油地质资源量1 075×108 t,常规天然气地质资源量83×1012 m3;致密油地质资源量134×108 t,致密砂岩气地质资源量21×1012 m3,页岩油地质资源量335×108 t,页岩气地质资源量56×1012 m3。陆上油气资源主要分布于渤海湾(陆上)、松辽、鄂尔多斯、塔里木、四川、准噶尔、柴达木7大盆地。海域油气资源主要分布于渤海湾(海域)、东海及南海北部的珠江口、北部湾、莺歌海、琼东南6大盆地。未来我国油气勘探应始终坚持“资源战略,稳油增气”战略,坚持“非常并进、海陆统筹”积极进取勘探思路;常规勘探领域,陆上地层-岩性、前陆、海相碳酸盐岩与潜山领域;海域为渤海海域构造与基岩潜山,深水构造与岩性;非常规油气主要是立足陆上7大含油气盆地,立足致密油气与页岩油气,强化勘探开发与技术配套。 相似文献
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To reveal the causes of differences in the hydrocarbon accumulation in continental marginal basins in the centralsouthern South China Sea,we used gravity-magnetic,seismic,drilling,and outcrop data to investigate the tectonic histories of the basins and explore how these tectonic events controlled the hydrocarbon accumulation conditions in these basins.During the subduction of the Cenozoic proto-South China Sea and the expansion of the new South China Sea,the continental margin basins in the central-southern South China Sea could be classified as one of three types of epicontinental basins:southern extensional-foreland basins,western extensional-strike slip basins,and central extensional-drift basins.Because these basins have different tectonic and sedimentary histories,they also differ in their accumulated hydrocarbon resources.During the Cenozoic,the basin groups in the southern South China Sea generally progressed through three stages:faulting and subsidence from the late Eocene to the early Miocene,inversion and uplift in the middle Miocene,and subsidence since the late Miocene.Hydrocarbon source rocks with marine-continental transitional facies dominated byⅡ-Ⅲkerogen largely developed in extremely thick Miocene sedimentary series with the filling characteristics being mainly deep-water deposits in the early stage and shallow water deposits in the late stage.With well-developed sandstone and carbonate reservoirs,this stratum has a strong hydrocarbon generation potential.During the Cenozoic,the basin groups in the western South China Sea also progressed through the three developmental stages discussed previously.Hydrocarbon source rocks with lacustrine facies,marine-continental transitional facies,and terrigenous marine facies dominated byⅡ2-Ⅲkerogen largely developed in the relatively thick stratum with the filling characteristics being mainly lacustrine deposits in the early stage and marine deposits in the late stage.As a reservoir comprised of self-generated and self-stored sandstone,this unit also has a high hydrocarbon generation potential.Throughout those same three developmental stages,the basin groups in the central South China Sea generated hydrocarbon source rocks with terrigenous marine facies dominated byⅢkerogen that have developed in a stratum with medium thicknesses with the filling characteristics being mainly sandstone in the early stage and carbonate in the late stage.This reservoir,which is dominated by lower-generation and upper-storage carbonate rocks,also has a high hydrocarbon generation potential. 相似文献
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新生代以来南中国海的多幕旋回运动形成了其北部陆坡性质各异、演化有别的多个陆缘沉积盆地。依据各盆地新生界发育特征、主干地震剖面及钻井资料对南海北部的相对海平面变化与沉积环境进行系统分析,采用年代地层对比的方法探讨南海北部构造演化序列与海陆变迁规律的内在联系,再现了南海北部陆缘新生代的海陆变迁过程,从而建立了南海北部陆缘裂谷盆地、走滑拉分盆地和陆内裂谷盆地的构造—沉积充填一体化模式。新生代海平面整体呈上升趋势,古近纪各盆地以陆相河流、粗粒三角洲湖相沉积为主;而新近纪主要发育滨浅海及三角洲相,呈现出明显的早陆后海的规律。靠近陆地一侧的陆内裂谷盆地北部湾盆地海侵最晚,其古近系充填厚度明显大于新近系,以发育近源扇三角洲为特色;而靠近海域一侧的走滑拉分盆地(莺歌海盆地)则以新近纪海相沉积占优势;陆缘裂谷盆地(琼东南与珠江口盆地)古近纪陆相与新近纪海相相对均衡发育,发育大型三角洲与碳酸盐岩台地。不同盆地的沉积充填特征主要受构造运动与海侵规模控制,并由此奠定了不同盆地的资源前景。 相似文献
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Tectonic migration is a common geological process of basin formation and evolution. However, little is known about tectonic migration in the western Pacific margins. This paper focuses on the representative Cenozoic basins of East China and its surrounding seas in the western Pacific domain to discuss the phenomenon of tectonic jumping in Cenozoic basins, based on structural data from the Bohai Bay Basin, the South Yellow Sea Basin, the East China Sea Shelf Basin, and the South China Sea Continental Shelf Basin. The western Pacific active continental margin is the eastern margin of a global convergent system involving the Eurasian Plate, the Pacific Plate, and the Indian Plate. Under the combined effects of the India-Eurasia collision and retrogressive or roll-back subduction of the Pacific Plate, the western Pacific active continental margin had a wide basin-arc-trench system which migrated or ‘jumped’ eastward and further oceanward. This migration and jumping is characterized by progressive eastward younging of faulting, sedimentation, and subsidence within the basins. Owing to the tectonic migration, the geological conditions associated with hydrocarbon and gashydrate accumulation in the Cenozoic basins of East China and its adjacent seas also become progressively younger from west to east, showing eastward younging in the generation time of reservoirs, seals, traps, accumulations and preservation of hydrocarbon and gashydrate. Such a spatio-temporal distribution of Cenozoic hydrocarbon and gashydrate is significant for the oil, gas and gashydrate exploration in the East Asian Continental Margin. Finally, this study discusses the mechanism of Cenozoic intrabasinal and interbasinal tectonic migration in terms of interplate, intraplate and underplating processes. The migration or jumping regimes of three separate or interrelated events: (1) tectonism-magmatism, (2) basin formation, and (3) hydrocarbon-gashydrate accumulation are the combined effects of the Late Mesozoic extrusion tectonics, the Cenozoic NW-directed crustal extension, and the regional far-field eastward flow of the western asthenosphere due to the India-Eurasia plate collision, accompanied by eastward jumping and roll-back of subduction zones of the Pacific Plate. 相似文献
18.
南海是中国唯一发育有洋壳的边缘海,是世界四大海洋油气聚集中心之一。油气勘探表明,南海的油气田分布在北部、西部和南部陆缘沉积盆地内,而大中型油气田集中分布在西部海域盆地中,自北而南有莺歌海—琼东南盆地、万安盆地、湄公盆地、曾母盆地和文莱—沙巴盆地,且以含气为主,含油次之。此外,这一区域深水区还存在多个潜在的大型含油气盆地。研究发现,南海的油气分布与深部岩石圈结构有密切关系。在构造上,南海的含油气盆地位于岩石圈块体边缘或之上,受控于大型岩石圈断裂的发育与演化。在油气富集的盆地中,莫霍面显著凸起,与盆地基底形成镜像,地壳厚度最薄处仅数千米厚,热流值明显较周围地区高,热岩石圈厚度大大减薄。地震层析成像结果反映,这些盆地深部发育一条规模宏大的北西向上地幔隆起带,自红河口向东南穿越南海西部海盆,一直延伸到婆罗州东北部地区,在宏观上控制了南海的油气分布与富集。 相似文献
19.
《China Geology》2019,2(1):67-84
The South Yellow Sea Basin is a large sedimentary basin superimposed by the Mesozoic-Paleozoic marine sedimentary basin and the Mesozoic-Cenozoic terrestrial sedimentary basin, where no oil and gas fields have been discovered after exploration for 58 years. After the failure of oil and gas exploration in terrestrial basins, the exploration target of the South Yellow Sea Basin turned to the marine Mesozoic-Paleozoic strata. After more than ten years’ investigation and research, a lot of achievements have been obtained. The latest exploration obtained effective seismic reflection data of deep marine facies by the application of seismic exploration technology characterized by high coverage, abundant low-frequency components and strong energy source for the deep South Yellow Sea Basin. In addition, some wells drilled the Middle-Upper Paleozoic strata, with obvious oil and gas shows discovered in some horizons. The recent petroleum geological research on the South Yellow Sea Basin shows that the structure zoning of the marine residual basin has been redetermined, the basin structure has been defined, and 3 seismic reflection marker layers are traceable and correlatable in the residual thick Middle-Paleozoic strata below the continental Meso-Cenozoic strata in the South Yellow Sea Basin. Based on these, the seismic sequence of the marine sedimentary strata was established. According to the avaliable oil and gas exploration and research, the marine Mesozoic-Paleozoic oil and gas prospects of the South Yellow Sea were predicted as follows. (1) The South Yellow Sea Basin has the same sedimentary formation and evolution history during the sedimentary period of the Middle-Paleozoic marine basin with the Sichuan Basin. (2) There are 3 regional high-quality source rocks. (3) The carbonate and clastic reservoirs are developed in the Mesozoic-Paleozoic strata. (4) The three source-reservoir-cap assemblages are relatively intact. (5) The Laoshan Uplift is a prospect area for the Lower Paleozoic oil and gas, and the Wunansha Uplift is one for the marine Upper Paleozoic oil and gas. (6) The Gaoshi stable zone in the Laoshan Uplift is a favorable zone. (7) The marine Mesozoic-Paleozoic strata in the South Yellow Sea Basin has the geological conditions required to form large oil and gas fields, with remarkable oil and gas resources prospect. An urgent problem to be addressed now within the South Yellow Sea Basin is to drill parametric wells for the Lower Paleozoic strata as the target, to establish the complete stratigraphic sequence since the Paleozoic period, to obtain resource evaluation parameters, and to realize the strategic discovery and achieve breakthrough in oil and gas exploration understanding.©2019 China Geology Editorial Office. 相似文献
20.
石炭系是中国南方重要的海相含油气地层之一。下石炭统的油气生成条件比上石炭统的好,这和早石炭世的盆地面积较大有关。石炭系下伏的志留系和上覆的二叠系的油气生成条件比石炭系还要好。上石炭统的油气储集条件比下石炭统的好,这和上石炭统的白云岩和滩相石灰岩分布较广有关。石炭系油气藏的直接盖层是下二叠统下部的梁山组,区域盖层是中新生代的泥岩为主的地层。南方石炭系油气生储盖条件的配置关系相当好。但是,南方石炭系以及整个古生代和三叠纪海相地层均经历了多次大的构造变动,其油气藏形成条件遭受相当大的破坏。在有利的生储配置关系的基础上,在区域盖层和保存条件较好的及面积较大的中新生代沉积盆地中,尤其是在邻近石炭系本身或其下伏志留系油气源岩的地区,是寻找和发现石炭系新的油气藏的有利地区。 相似文献