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1.
Simulation of mineral grades with hard and soft conditioning data: application to a porphyry copper deposit 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This work deals with the geostatistical simulation of mineral grades whose distribution exhibits spatial trends within the
ore deposit. It is suggested that these trends can be reproduced by using a stationary random field model and by conditioning
the realizations to data that incorporate the available information on the local grade distribution. These can be hard data
(e.g., assays on samples) or soft data (e.g., rock-type information) that account for expert geological knowledge and supply
the lack of hard data in scarcely sampled areas. Two algorithms are proposed, depending on the kind of soft data under consideration:
interval constraints or local moment constraints. An application to a porphyry copper deposit is presented, in which it is
shown that the incorporation of soft conditioning data associated with the prevailing rock type improves the modeling of the
uncertainty in the actual copper grades. 相似文献
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The presence of geological units with different grade characteristics mostly leads to problems during the grade modeling process. In special cases, if the area under study has units with small thickness and low grade with respect to the dominant unit of the area, it is difficult to reproduce different grade contents in these units in the simulated grade models because of the low thickness and lack of data in these units. In this study, the local moment constraints method, based on the definition of soft conditioning data reflecting geological knowledge, is investigated for improving simulated grade models under the mentioned conditions. This method is applied for grade simulation at the 1,750 m level of Sungun porphyry copper mine. The studied area is divided into two rock type domains: Sungun porphyry and Dyke. The Sungun porphyry unit is the dominant rock type in the considered area and has, on average, a higher copper grade, while dykes discontinue Sungun porphyry rock units sporadically and most of them are barren of mineralization. It is demonstrated that the use of soft conditioning data makes the simulated grade model closer to reality and improves the reproduction of grade contents considering the rock type units in the area. In the next step, the results obtained from conditional simulation are used for mineral resources classification. To this end, the conditional coefficient of variation is chosen as a criterion for measuring uncertainty and for defining the resources classes. Then, it is shown that uncertainty can be considerably reduced in the prepared models if soft data are considered; as a result, an increase in measured resource classification is observed. 相似文献
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An accurate estimation of mineral grades in ore deposits with heterogeneous spatial variations requires defining geological domains that differentiate the types of mineralogy, alteration and lithology. Deterministic models define the layout of the domains based on the interpretation of the drill holes and do not take into account the uncertainty in areas with fewer data. Plurigaussian simulation (PGS) can be an alternative to generate multiple numerical models of the ore body, with the aim of assessing the uncertainty in the domain boundaries and improving the geological controls in the characterization of quantitative attributes. This study addresses the application of PGS to Sungun porphyry copper deposit (Iran), in order to simulate the layout of four hypogene alteration zones: potassic, phyllic, propylitic and argillic. The aim of this study is to construct numerical models in which the alteration structures reflect the evolution observed in the geology. 相似文献
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Analysis and Estimation of Multi-unit Deposits: Application to a Porphyry Copper Deposit 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Serge Antoine Séguret 《Mathematical Geosciences》2013,45(8):927-947
This work concerns mineral deposits consisting of geological bodies whose metal grades have different characteristics in terms of distribution and variogram, which means that estimating grades by ordinary kriging may produce unrealistic spatial continuity. This paper proposes a method based on the indicators of the geological objects (hereafter called units) and their product with the metal grade. This is illustrated by an application to a porphyry copper deposit. The aim of this paper is essentially to promote the use of variogram ratios to analyze and characterize deposits. 相似文献
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从甘肃斑岩铜矿的时空分布、地质特征和成矿远景浅析3个方面,讨论了甘肃区域构造演化和区域岩浆演化与斑岩铜矿成矿作用的关系,并提出了找矿建议。为解决铜矿资源缺乏问题,甘肃省应锁定斑岩铜矿为主攻类型。找矿的战略靶区选定北山和西秦岭北带。 相似文献
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从甘肃斑岩铜矿的时空分布、地质特征和成矿远景浅析3个方面，讨论了甘肃区域构造演化和区域岩浆演化与斑岩铜矿成矿作用的关系，并提出了找矿建议。为解决铜矿资源缺乏问题，甘肃省应锁定斑岩铜矿为主攻类型。找矿的战略靶区选定北山和西秦岭北带。 相似文献
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池沟斑岩型铜钼矿（化）体产于燕山期中酸性岩体内外接触带中,成岩与成矿年龄一致。区内物化探异常及矿化均围绕斑岩体呈（环）带状分布,构成斑岩型-矽卡岩型铜钼矿成矿系列。近年来,池沟地区采用高磁扫面＋CSAMT（可控源音频大地电磁法）＋钻探等组合方法,显示物化探异常特征与池沟出露岩体相吻合,经钻探,在池沟斑岩体接触带深部发现了厚大低品位铜钼矿体。在总结矿区地质特征的基础上,以区内物化探异常特征为依据,认为地表物化探异常与深部矿体位置形态有对应性关系,找矿潜力巨大,具有寻找斑岩型铜矿床的有利条件。 相似文献
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This work deals with the joint simulation of copper grade (as a continuous regionalized variable) and rock type (as a categorical variable) in Lince–Estefanía deposit, located in northern Chile. The region under study is heterogeneous, containing three main rock types (intrusive, andesite and breccia bodies) with different copper grade distributions. To perform joint simulation, the multi-Gaussian and pluriGaussian models are used in a combined form. To this end, three auxiliary Gaussian random fields are considered, one for simulating copper grade, up to a monotonic transformation, and two for simulating rock types according to a given truncation rule. Furthermore, the dependence between copper grade and rock types is reproduced by considering cross correlations between these Gaussian random fields. To investigate the benefits of the joint simulation algorithm, copper grade and rock types are also simulated by the traditional cascade approach and the results are compared. It is shown that the cascade approach produces hard boundaries, that is, abrupt transitions of copper grades when crossing rock-type boundaries, a condition that does not exist in the study area according to the contact analysis held on the available data. In contrast, the joint simulation approach produces gradual transitions of the copper grade near the rock-type boundaries and is more suited to the actual data. 相似文献
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In this study, machine learning methods such as neural networks, random forests, and Gaussian processes are applied to the estimation of copper grade in a mineral deposit. The performance of these methods is compared to geostatistical techniques, such as ordinary kriging and indicator kriging. To ensure that these comparisons are realistic and relevant, the predictive accuracy is estimated on test instances located in drill holes that are different from the training data. The results of an extensive empirical study in the Sarcheshmeh porphyry copper deposit in Southeastern Iran illustrate that specially designed Gaussian processes with a symmetric standardization of the spatial location inputs and an anisotropic kernel yield the most accurate predictions. Furthermore, significant improvements are obtained when, besides location, information on the rock type is included in the set of predictor variables. This observation highlights the importance of carrying out detailed studies of the geological composition of the deposit to obtain more accurate ore grade predictions. 相似文献
11.
矿床成矿系列理论在中国经过三十多年的发展,已被广泛应用于找矿勘查实践。文章在以往矿床成矿系列研究的基础上,对中国铜矿床的成矿系列进行了补充与完善,厘定出30个以铜为特色的矿床成矿系列。结合全国地质与成矿演化,分析铜矿床成矿系列在主要地质历史时期的特点与时空分布规律,其中,前寒武纪7个铜矿床成矿系列,矿床类型以变质型和岩浆型为主;古生代8个铜矿床成矿系列,矿床类型以海相火山岩型为主;中生代13个铜矿床成矿系列和新生代2个铜矿床成矿系列,矿床类型均以斑岩型和矽卡岩型为主。西藏地区铜矿找矿突破显著,新增2个全国范围的铜矿床成矿系列。矿床成矿系列的复合,是中国铜矿床成矿系列研究的重要成果和特色。 相似文献
12.
根据对月龙铜铅矿的成矿地质环境、矿床地质特征、含矿岩体和矿化特征等的分析,认识到该矿产出于红柳河-牛圈子-洗肠井缝合带的南侧,属于早古生代被动大陆边缘地质环境。含矿地层为青白口系大豁落山群,母岩为花岗斑岩,已发现的矿化主要在围岩硅化白云岩与花岗斑岩接触带附近。根据岩石化学判别,认为该花岗斑岩属＂S＂型花岗岩类型,具有钾质花岗岩的特征。对比本区已发现的重要斑岩铜矿床———公婆泉矿床和白山堂矿床,认为它们之间有一定的可比性,应属于同一成因类型。考虑到月龙铜铅矿的花岗斑岩体剥蚀浅,区域上还有相似的一些岩体,因而本区仍具有寻找斑岩型（包括岩体内部的细脉-浸染状,接触带的交代充填状和外部的脉状矿化）铜矿的找矿前景。 相似文献
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位于庐枞火山岩盆地南部的拔茅山铜矿,是细脉带蚀变岩型脉状铜矿的代表。研究表明,其深部具有斑岩型铜矿的勘探潜力。为了进一步明确其深部找矿潜力,针对研究区斑岩型、热液型铜多金属矿的岩体、断裂、接触带等主要控矿因素,利用高精度磁法和可控源音频大地电磁测深(CSAMT)成果,分别对拔茅山岩体的分布、产状和深部形态及其与围岩的接触带特征进行了剖析。在此基础上,通过与沙溪斑岩铜矿地质、物探异常特征的类比,指明了研究区的找矿方向和有利找矿部位,为进一步找矿提供了思路和依据。 相似文献
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青海东昆仑鸭子沟斑岩型铜(钼)矿区辉钼矿铼-锇同位素年龄及地质意义 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
首次对鸭子沟铜(钼)矿区辉钼矿进行了Re-Os同位素定年。样品的模式年龄介于213.8～231.0Ma之间,11件样品得到187Re-187Os等时线年龄为224.7±3.4Ma(n=11,MSWD=2.7)。文章在分析祁漫塔格-都兰成矿带鸭子沟铜(钼)矿区地质特征和区域成矿特征的基础上,认为该成果不仅说明鸭子沟铜(钼)矿化作用发生于晚印支期,而且在区域成找矿研究上也具有重要的地质意义,揭示了东昆仑地区晚印支-燕山期后碰撞阶段斑岩型Cu、Mo成找矿的良好前景。 相似文献
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我国斑岩型铜矿研究现状 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
斑岩铜矿是我国最重要的铜矿床类型,对其矿床地质特征和地球化学特征的认识对找矿实践具有重要指导意义。本文通过收集和整理近年来我国斑岩铜矿研究的最新成果,总结了斑岩铜矿在我国的时空分布特征、含矿岩体及围岩特征、元素组合、流体包裹体及同位素研究方面的最新进展。 相似文献
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阐述了西藏青草山铜多金属矿所处的区域地质背景和矿区地质特征。矿床位于羌南地块的磨盘山断裂带内,矿体产于花岗闪长斑岩及围岩中,蚀变类型及分带特征与斑岩型矿床蚀变特征十分吻合,因此初步确定矿床成因类型为斑岩型铜矿。 相似文献
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东天山土屋特大型斑岩铜矿成矿地质特征与矿床对比 总被引：24，自引：1，他引：24
土屋特大型斑岩铜矿位于东天山吐鲁番－哈密陆块南部边缘岛弧环境中。多期岩浆活动和矿化是铜金属超常堆集的主要因素。海底火山活动和热泉沸腾逸散造就了铜金属的预富集（矿源层），闪长玢岩和斜长花岗斑岩的侵位和叠加矿化使铜金属进一步富化和最终成矿，以细碧角斑质为主的火山岩喷发于潮坪－滨海环境，闪长玢岩、斜长花岗斑岩形成于较强的氧化环境；强还原示踪矿物黄铁矿含量较少。矿石的低品位、矿石的结构构造、蚀变特征以及矿石建造具典型斑岩矿床特征；矿石高品位、矿床形成较低温度及大量硅化蚀变又表现为某些热液矿床特征（次火山岩热液）。典型斑岩铜矿床、次火山热液矿床、土屋铜矿床对比，土屋铜矿床矿床类型仍不失为斑岩型铜矿，并具有自身特征。 相似文献