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利用区域GPS和水准测量资料,结合地震构造背景的分析,本文研究2008年汶川8.0级地震前横跨龙门山断裂带地区的震间地壳形变,探讨引起这种形变的活动构造与动力学模式,并由此认识汶川地震的孕育与成因机制.主要结果表明：1997～2007年期间,自龙门山断裂带中段朝北西约230 km的地带内存在垂直于断裂的水平缩短变形、以及平行于断裂的水平右旋剪切变形,缩短率为1.3×10-8/a （即：0.013 mm/km/a）,角变形速率为2.6×10-8/a;同一地带在1975～1997年期间还表现出垂直上隆变形,上隆速率在龙门山前山断裂与中央断裂之间仅0.6 mm/a,而至龙门山后山断裂及其以西达2～3 mm/a.这些反映了在汶川地震之前至少10～30余年,龙门山断裂带中段的前山与中央断裂业已闭锁、并伴有应变积累.造成这种形变的主要原因是：以壳内的低速层为“解耦”带,巴颜喀拉地块上地壳朝南东的水平运动在四川盆地西缘受到华南地块的阻挡、转换成龙门山断裂带中段的逆冲运动;由于该断裂段的震间闭锁,致使西侧的巴颜喀拉地块的上地壳发生横向缩短以及平行断裂的右旋剪切变形.然而,龙门山断裂带北段在1997～2007年期间除了有大约0.9 mm/a的右旋剪切变形外,横向的缩短变形极微弱,这可能与该断裂段西侧的岷江、虎牙、龙日坝等断裂带吸收了巴颜喀拉地块朝东水平运动的大部分有关.另外,汶川地震前,横跨龙门山断裂带中段与北段的地壳形变特征的差异,与汶川地震时能量释放的空间分布吻合. 相似文献
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《地震科学（英文版）》2015,(Z1)
The Haiyuan-Liupanshan fault,an active tectonic feature at the Tibetan Plateau's northeastern boundary,was ruptured by two MS earthquakes(1920 and 1927)bracketing an unbroken section(the Tianzhu seismic gap).A high seismic hazard is expected along the gap.To monitor deformation characteristics and do a seismic risk assessment,we made measurements at two newly built campaign-mode Global Positioning System(GPS) stations and 13 pre-existing stations in 2013 and 2014.Adding existing data from 1999 to 2014,we derived a new velocity field.Based on the horizontal velocity,we used three block models to invert the deformation of four crustal blocks.The results suggest non-uniform deformation in the interior of the Lanzhou block,the Ordos block and the Alaxan block,but uniform deformation in the Qilian block.Fault slip rates derived from block models show a decreasing trend from west to east,(2.0-3.2 mm/a on the Haiyuan fault to 0.9-1.5 mm/a on the Liupanshan fault).The Haiyuan fault evidences sinistral striking-slip movement,while the Liupanshan fault is primarily thrusting due to transformation of the displacement between the strike-slip and crustal shortening.The locking depth of each segment along the Haiyuan fault obtained by fitting the fault parallel velocities varies drastically from west to east(21.8-7.1 km).The moment accumulation rate,calculated using the slip rate and locking depth,is positively correlated with the locking depth.Given the paucity of large seismic events during the previous millennium,the Tuolaishan segment and the Maomaoshan segment have higher likelihood of nucleation for a future event. 相似文献
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为了研究与总结2008年5月12日汶川8.0级地震前GPS与跨断层资料反映的龙门山断裂带及其周边地区的运动、构造变形、应变积累演化过程,以及汶川地震临震阶段可能的物理机制,本文综合1999~2007期GPS速度场、1999~2008年大尺度GPS基线时间序列、1985~2008年跨断层短水准等资料进行了相关分析与讨论。结果表明:(1)GPS速度剖面结果显示,宽达500km的川西高原在震前有明显的连续变形,而四川盆地一侧和跨龙门山断裂带基本没有变形趋势,表明震前川西高原在持续不断地为已经处于闭锁状态的龙门山断裂带提供能量积累。(2)GPS应变率结果显示,震前龙门山断裂带中北段的NW侧EW向挤压变形明显,变形幅度从远离断裂带较大到靠近断裂带逐渐减小,而断裂带变形微弱;龙门山断裂带西南段周边形成了显著的EW向挤压应变集中区,应变积累速率明显大于中北段。(3)断层闭锁程度反演结果显示,除了汶川地震的震源位置闭锁相对较弱,且西南段有大概20km宽度断层在12~22.5km深度为蠕滑状态以外,震前整条龙门山断裂基本处于强闭锁状态。(4)大尺度GPS基线结果显示,跨南北地震带区域的NE向基线从2005年开始普遍出现压缩转折,反映NE向地壳缩短的相对运动增强。(5)跨断层短水准场地结果显示,震前年均垂直变化速率和形变累积率很低,表明断层近场垂向活动很弱、闭锁较强。通过以上分析认为,在相对小尺度的地壳变形中,震前龙门山断裂带深浅部均处于强闭锁状态,断裂带水平与垂直变形都很微弱,这可能经历了一个缓慢的过程,而且越是临近地震的发生,微弱变形的范围可能越大;在相对大尺度的地壳变形中,震前龙门山断裂带西侧的巴颜喀拉块体东部地区经历了地壳缓慢且持续的缩短挤压变形,为龙门山断裂带应变积累持续提供了动力支持。 相似文献
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借助分布在北天山地区最新GPS点位的运动观测资料, 利用GAMIT/GLOBK数据处理软件获取了北天山地区现今地壳的运动位移场． 以该位移场为基础, 利用弹性半空间位错理论, 估算了研究区内博罗科努—阿其克库杜克断裂和准噶尔盆地南缘断裂两条具有代表性的主要断裂的现今活动速率． 结果表明: 博罗科努—阿其克库杜克右旋走滑断裂东、 西两段滑移速率的差异性不明显, 1944年3月10日乌苏南MS7.2强震发生后, 该断层现今表现为震后微蠕滑运动, 东、 西两段滑动速率均在1—2 mm/a之间; 准噶尔盆地南缘断裂现今滑动速率为(5.6±1.0) mm/a． 相似文献
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Based on GPS velocity during 1999-2007, GPS baseline time series on large scale during 1999-2008 and cross-fault leveling data during 1985-2008, the paper makes some analysis and discussion to study and summarize the movement, tectonic deformation and strain accumulation evolution characteristics of the Longmenshan fault and the surrounding area before the MS8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, as well as the possible physical mechanism late in the seismic cycle of the Wenchuan earthquake. Multiple results indicate that:GPS velocity profiles show that obvious continuous deformation across the eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau before the earthquake was distributed across a zone at least 500km wide, while there was little deformation in Sichuan Basin and Longmenshan fault zone, which means that the eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau provides energy accumulation for locked Longmenshan fault zone continuously. GPS strain rates show that the east-west compression deformation was larger in the northwest of the mid-northern segment of the Longmenshan fault zone, and deformation amplitude decreased gradually from far field to near fault zone, and there was little deformation in fault zone. The east-west compression deformation was significant surrounding the southwestern segment of the Longmenshan fault zone, and strain accumulation rate was larger than that of mid-northern segment. Fault locking indicates nearly whole Longmenshan fault was locked before the earthquake except the source of the earthquake which was weakly locked, and a 20km width patch in southwestern segment between 12km to 22.5km depth was in creeping state. GPS baseline time series in northeast direction on large scale became compressive generally from 2005 in the North-South Seismic Belt, which reflects that relative compression deformation enhances. The cross-fault leveling data show that annual vertical change rate and deformation trend accumulation rate in the Longmenshan fault zone were little, which indicates that vertical activity near the fault was very weak and the fault was tightly locked. According to analyses of GPS and cross-fault leveling data before the Wenchuan earthquake, we consider that the Longmenshan fault is tightly locked from the surface to the deep, and the horizontal and vertical deformation are weak surrounding the fault in relatively small-scale crustal deformation. The process of weak deformation may be slow, and weak deformation area may be larger when large earthquake is coming. Continuous and slow compression deformation across eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau before the earthquake provides dynamic support for strain accumulation in the Longmenshan fault zone in relative large-scale crustal deformation. 相似文献
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利用华北地区2009—2014年GPS水平运动速度场数据,采用块体负位错模型反演了郯庐断裂带中南段断层深部滑动速率、断层闭锁程度分布、断层滑动亏损速率分布及地震矩积累率,结合地表应变率分布,对郯庐断裂带中南段深、浅部形变、应变特征以及华北地区的地壳形变模式进行了分析.结果表明:郯庐断裂中南段的北端主要为右旋走滑特性,南端则表现为右旋走滑兼拉张性运动,断层滑动速率在0.9mm·a~(-1)至1.2mm·a~(-1),且沿断层走向由北至南逐次增大.断层闭锁程度分布沿走向分布不均一,断层闭锁深度由最北端的27km增加到中段的32km,至最南端变为5km,断层闭锁最深处与1668年郯城MS8.5震中位置相对应.断层滑动亏损速率沿走向由0.9mm·a~(-1)增加到1.2mm·a~(-1),沿倾向由地表至深部逐渐减小为0mm·a~(-1).地震矩积累率在郯庐断裂带中南段郯城附近较大,而地表对应区域为第二应不变分量的低值区.华北地区地壳变形以块体运动为主,块体内部应变及断层闭锁产生的负位错效应次之;郯庐断裂带中南段断层形变沿走向呈条带状分布,形变宽度单侧小于50km,形变量不超过1mm·a~(-1),且上盘形变略大于下盘. 相似文献
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滑动速率是研究断裂运动学特征、地震活动性和区域应变分配的重要参数和依据。前人关于甘孜-玉树断裂带滑动速率的研究结果存在较大差异,因此,其晚第四纪滑动速率有待进一步调查研究。本文基于卫星影像解译和野外实地考察,对甘孜-玉树断裂带西段（玉树断裂）上典型断错地貌点进行测量分析,得到玉树断裂晚第四纪走滑速率为6.6±0.1-7.4±1.2mm/a。通过与前人对甘孜-玉树断裂带东段（甘孜断裂）滑动速率的研究结果进行对比,发现甘孜-玉树断裂带东、西段滑动速率不一致,其原因是甘孜断裂的左旋滑移在向西传递的过程中,一部分应变被分配到了巴塘盆地南缘断裂上。巴塘盆地南缘断裂的存在很好地解释了玉树断裂的走滑速率比甘孜断裂偏低的原因。但是,从区域变形来看,巴塘盆地南缘断裂分配的滑动速率恰好说明了甘孜-玉树断裂带东、西段及鲜水河断裂带的水平构造变形是协调一致的。 相似文献
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断裂晚第四纪滑动速率及现今GPS观测揭示了青藏高原向北扩展与高原边缘隆升的运动特征.主要断裂晚第四纪滑动速率及跨断裂GPS应变速率的结果表明,青藏高原北部边缘的断裂以低滑动速率（＜10 mm/a）为主,特别是两条边界断裂：阿尔金断裂和海原—祁连山断裂.两条主要边界断裂上的滑动速率分布显示了断裂间滑动速率转换及调整特征.阿尔金断裂自95°E以西的8～12 mm/a稳定滑动速率,向东逐渐降低到最东端的约1～2 mm/a,而海原断裂自哈拉湖一带开始发育后滑动速率为1～2 mm/a,到祁连一带（101°E以东）增大到相对稳定的4～5 mm/a,直到过海原后转向六盘山一带,滑动速率降低到1～3 mm/a,甚至更低.滑动速率的变化及分布特征显示,阿尔金断裂滑动主要是通过祁连山内部隆起及两侧新生代盆地变形引起的缩短来吸收的,海原—祁连山断裂的低滑动速率及沿断裂运动学特征表明断裂尾端的陇西盆地变形及六盘山的隆起是断裂左旋走滑速率的主要吸收方式.这一变形特征表明,青藏高原北部边缘的变形模式是一种分布式的连续变形,变形发生自高原内部,边界断裂的走滑被高原内部变形所吸收. 相似文献
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In order to analyze 3-dimensional movement and deformation characteristics and seismic risk of the Xianshuihe fault zone, we inverted for dynamic fault locking and slip deficit rate of the fault using the GPS horizontal velocity field of 1999-2007 and 2013-2017 in Sichuan-Yunnan region, and calculated annual vertical change rate to analyze the vertical deformation characteristics of the fault using the cross-fault leveling data during 1980-2017 locating on the Xianshuihe fault. The GPS inversion results indicate that in 1999-2007, the southeastern segment of the fault is tightly locked, the middle segment is less locked, and the northwestern segment is basically in creeping state. In 2013-2017, the southeastern segment of the fault is obviously weekly locked, in which only a patch between Daofu-Bamei is locked, and the northwestern segment is still mostly in creeping state, in which only a patch at southeastern Luhuo is slightly locked from surface to 10km depth. The cross-fault leveling data show that annual vertical change rate of the Zhuwo, Gelou, Xuxu and Goupu sites on the northwestern segment is larger, which means vertical movement is relatively active, and annual vertical change rate of the Longdengba, Laoqianning, and Zheduotang sites on the southeastern segment is small, which means the fault is locked, and the vertical movement changes little before and after the Wenchuan earthquake. Combining with the 3-dimensional movement and deformation, seismic activity and Coulomb stress on the Xianshuihe Fault, we consider the seismic risk of the southeastern segment is larger, and the Wenchuan earthquake reduced the far-field sinistral movement and the fault slip deficit rate, which may reduce the stress and strain accumulation rate and relieve the seismic risk of the southeastern segment. 相似文献
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利用1999—2007期GPS水平速度场数据,采用Defnode负位错反演程序估算了龙门山断裂在汶川地震前的闭锁程度和滑动亏损分布,结合龙门山断裂带附近地表水平应变率场结果,综合分析了震前地壳变形特征.反演结果表明,震前龙门山断裂中北段处于完全闭锁状态,闭锁深度达到21 km(闭锁比例0.99)左右,垂直断层方向的挤压滑动亏损速率约为2.2 mm/a,平行断层方向的右旋滑动亏损速率约为4.6 mm/a.龙门山断裂南段只有地表以下12 km闭锁程度较高(闭锁比例0.99),垂直断层方向滑动亏损速率约为1.4 mm/a,平行断层方向滑动亏损速率约为4.6 mm/a;在12~16 km处闭锁比例约为0.83,垂直断层方向滑动亏损速率约为1.2 mm/a,平行断层方向滑动亏损速率约为3.8 mm/a;在16~21 km处闭锁比例约为0.75,垂直断层方向滑动亏损速率约为1.1 mm/a,平行断层方向滑动亏损速率约为3.5 mm/a.在21~24 km处整条断裂均逐步转变为蠕滑.上述反演结果与区域应变计算获得的龙门山断裂带中北段整体应变积累速率较低、南段应变积累速率较高相一致,均表明中北段闭锁程度高、南段闭锁程度稍低,该特征可以较好地解释汶川地震时从震中向北东向单向破裂现象. 相似文献
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利用１４Ｃ、热释光（ＴＬ）样品年代及扩散方程计算结果，结合区域黄土剖面中古土壤年龄，对毛毛山地区晚第四纪各级地貌年龄进行了对比研究。根据毛毛山活动断裂水平位移和垂直位移分布明显的分组特征，求得毛毛山断裂带不同段落不同时段的平均滑动速率。大约自中更新世晚期以来，毛毛山断裂走滑段的平均水平滑动速率为２．３～３．９ｍｍ／ａ，垂直滑动速率为０．０７～０．１９ｍｍ／ａ；天祝盆地倾滑段垂直滑动速率为０．１１～０．８６ｍｍ／ａ。沿断裂带滑动速率具明显的非均匀性特点，表现为自东向西水平位移具累积滑动亏损特征，垂直位移则具补偿性 相似文献
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The Daliangshan tectonic zone is a rhombic area to the east of the Anninghe and Zemuhe fault zones in the middle segment of the Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang fault system along the southeast margin of the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau. Since the Cenozoic era, the neotectonic deformation in the Daliangshan tectonic zone has presented not only sinistral slip and reverse faulting along the Daliangshan fault zone, but also proximate SN-trending crust shortening. It is estimated that the average crust shortening in the Daliangshan tectonic zone is 10.9±1.6 km, with a shortening rate of 17.8±2.2% using the method of balanced cross-sections. The crust shortening from folding occurred mainly in the Miocene and the Pliocene periods, lasting no more than 8.6 Ma. Based on this, a crust shortening velocity of 1.3±0.2 mm/a can be estimated. Compared with the left offset along the Daliangshan fault zone, it is recognized that crust shortening by folding plays an important part in transferring crustal deformation southeastward along the Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang fault system. 相似文献
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Guo Liangqian Ying ShaofenFirst Crustal Deformation Monitoring Center CSB Tianjin China 《中国地震研究》1999,(3)
In this paper, the baseline variation and displacement vector was analyzed using the calculated results of GPS measurements carried out from 1995 to 1996 in North China. Based on these analytical results, we studied the recent tectonic activity. In general, the regional extension is dominant in the direction of proximately EW, but there is a difference in the SN direction. Extension is significant in the Shanxi fault-depression zone and Bohai region, while compression with strike-slip is characterized along the Yishui-Tancheng segment of the Tanlu fault zone. The baseline shortening zone is distributed along the Baotou-Zhangjiakou-Ninghe areas. It is a boundary zone of regional variation where many differences of crustal horizontal deformation are discovered between the southern part and the northern part of this zone. The baseline shortening zone in NE direction is distributed along the Jianchang-Tangshan-Gucheng area. It is consistent with the Tangshan-Xingtai seismic zone which indicates that tectoni 相似文献
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多种形变资料表明, 汶川地震震前越靠近震源区, 其形变特征越不明显, 且在近震源区震前呈现短期平静状态． 为研究这种小变形现象的深部动力学因素及形变机制, 本文基于成都地区1996—2007年13期重复重力观测数据, 经平差处理后进行密度的三维反演, 得到了汶川地震近震源区震前10年的地壳深部密度变化水平向和垂直向的时空分布特征． 结果表明: 密度变化在空间上呈有序分布, 主要集中在龙门山断裂带及其附近区域, 且深部变化幅度显著大于浅部, 表明近震源区断裂带深部活动较为显著; 从时间上来看, 密度变化速率并不均衡, 在震前3—8年介质密度变化剧烈, 而在震前短期变化却不明显． 根据震前形变特征和不同深度密度变化的动态演化过程, 本文认为龙门山断裂带的地壳分层运动, 导致了浅层地壳的小形变和深部显著的密度变化． 此外, 根据该断裂带及其附近地区的密度变化特征, 本文选取和改进了适合汶川地震的孕震模型, 即改进的组合-硬化模型, 将动力学过程与孕育机制结合起来, 以期对汶川地震震前近震源区的形变机制作出合理解释． 相似文献
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集成活动构造与震源机制解、重新定位小震分布、历史与现今地震、GPS速度场等资料,综合分析了六盘山断裂带的构造动力学条件与变形方式、横剖面构造、历史强震破裂背景、GPS形变以及现代地震活动性,进而探讨了该断裂带的强震危险背景.结果表明：NNW向六盘山断裂带的运动与变形主要缘于青藏地块东北缘的向东水平挤出受到相对稳定的华北地块西缘（鄂尔多斯地块）阻挡而聚集的水平挤压作用;此外,海原和陇县-宝鸡两条NW向走滑断裂带的左旋运动在右阶区的局部会聚作用,也由六盘山断裂带的变形与运动来承受与转换.横剖面上,六盘山断裂带表现为向东推覆的大型逆冲构造带,主滑脱带位于~25 km深处,之下很可能存在分隔青藏与华北地块的超壳-岩石圈型深断裂带.沿六盘山断裂带中-南段以及更靠南东的陇县-宝鸡断裂带存在总长为120~140 km、至少最近~1400年未发生M ≥ 6½强震破裂的地震空区.地震空区内的断裂,GPS形变显示已有显著应变积累,地震活动上出现为小震稀疏或空缺的部位,以及低b值区,反映那里的断面业已闭锁,并已有高应力积累.因此,六盘山断裂带中-南段和陇县-宝鸡断裂带应是未来可能发生强震/大地震的两个危险地段,潜在地震的最大矩震级估值分别为MW=7.3±和7.2±. 相似文献
18.
Wang Ruobai 《中国地震研究》2005,19(3):327-337
INTRODUCTIONThe Zhangjiakou-Penglai fault zone has drawnextensive attentionfromseismologists and geologistssince it was determinedinthe1980’s(Zheng Binghua,et al.,1981).Ma Xingyuan,et al.(1989)consideredit asthe north boundaryof North China sub-block.Int… 相似文献
19.
本文利用GPS观测对丽江—小金河断裂带的现今断层运动和变形状态进行了分析和探讨.丽江—小金河断裂带两侧地块地壳变形差异显著,GPS速度剖面结果显示断裂带两侧存在地壳变形不连续现象;进一步以GPS速度场为约束,基于负位错模型反演的丽江—小金河断裂带的断层闭锁空间分布结果显示,以木里为界,北东段断层强闭锁从地表向深部延伸至15km左右,西南段断层闭锁程度较高的区域位于5～15km范围内,浅层表现为弱闭锁的状态;滑动亏损速率结果显示,两闭锁段的滑动亏损速率相差近4mm·a~(-1),说明丽江—小金河断裂带西南段的背景滑动速率明显高于北东段.基于数值模拟分析了西南段浅层蠕滑运动对周边断层的影响,结果表明西南段的浅层左旋滑动对北东段闭锁区和西南段深部强闭锁区均为正影响. 相似文献
20.
巴颜喀拉块体北东地区现今水平运动与变形 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文利用GPS数据研究了巴颜喀拉块体北东地区现今水平运动与变形特征。 在球坐标系中解算了各应变分量, 分析了应变率场的空间分布特征, 并与地球物理学和地震地质学研究结果进行了综合对比分析。 最新的GPS速度场结果表明, 巴颜喀拉块体北东地区与高原整体运动性质一样具有顺时针向南东方向旋转的特征, 自西向东和北东方向测站水平运动速度呈现明显的衰减特征。 应变场结果显示, 研究区以北东向的主压应变为主, 伴随着近北西向的张性应变。 应变较强的区域主要分布在活动块体的边界断裂东昆仑断裂带的东段塔藏段和龙门山断裂带上。 东昆仑断裂带东段塔藏段的主压应变明显, 结合地震地质和活动构造资料, 认为东昆仑断裂带东段塔藏段的运动性质自西向东发生了改变, 水平滑动速率逐渐减小, 垂向运动逐渐增强。 研究区GPS速度场和应变场的这一变形特征表明, 青藏高原内部的块体运动特征较为明显, 变形主要集中在作为活动块体边界的活动断裂带上, 边界断裂带的运动特征在调节活动块体间的相互运动中起着重要作用。 相似文献