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1.
后寨河流域岩溶含水介质结构与地下径流研究 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
通过脉冲试验,采用测站脉冲响应曲线及流量衰减曲线分析,对后寨河流域含水介质结构进行了研究。研究结果表明,后寨河流域主要发育有溶隙- 溶管网络、较单一溶管以及溶隙网络三种含水介质结构,而且以溶隙、溶孔为主,其占含水介质体积的比率可达83.1%～96. 9%,而岩溶管道含水介质则只有3.1%～16.8%。不同含水介质的水文地质特征差异很大,溶隙- 管道网络水位上升快而衰减慢,水位变幅小;较单一溶管水位上升快而衰减亦快,水位变幅较大;而溶隙网络水位动态变化则介于前二者之间。 相似文献
2.
岩溶含水介质由管道、裂隙与孔隙３类空隙介质组成，它们对地下水流动具有不同的贡献。简述了当前岩溶水的几种主要定量评价方法，提出折算渗透系数尺概念，建立了岩溶三重空隙介质地下水流统一的控制方程，引出管道与裂隙在达西流与非达西流状态下的渗透系数与折算渗透系数的表达式，从而将达西流与非达西流耦合在一个模型中。本文提出岩溶三重介质地下水流的模拟方法，并给出理想模型的模拟结果。 相似文献
3.
广西北山岩溶管道—裂隙—孔隙地下水流数值模拟初探 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：11
本文从水动力学角度分析各种岩溶含水介质中的水流特征,将其归纳为储水介质、导水介质和控水介质,并根据折算渗透系数ＫＬ的概念和建立耦合达西流和百达西流于一体的岩溶管道－裂隙－孔隙三重介质地下水模型,对广西环江北山矿区岩溶含水系统进行了初步探讨。北山实例的模拟结果表明,三重介质模型较全面地刻画了岩溶水动态的特征,反映了相对均匀裂隙流与控制性管道流并存、线性流与非线性流相互转变的运动特点,不仅理论上比较合 相似文献
4.
Removal of LNAPL (oil) from an aquifer is described using a multiphase flow model. At the well boundary seepage face conditions are imposed. These conditions are implemented in a numerical model and withdrawal in a twodimensional domain is simulated for two different geometries of the oil lens and for varied values of the physical parameters. Assuming vertical equilibrium, the oil flow equation is reduced by vertical integration. The well boundary condition is approximated by imposing zero oil lens thickness. Similarity solutions of the reduced equations for the two geometries show good agreement with the numerical results in most cases. 相似文献
5.
Inference of the structure of karst conduits using quantitative tracer tests and geological information: example of the Swiss Jura 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Karst aquifers are known for being particularly heterogeneous with highly transmissive conduits embedded in low permeability volumes of rock matrix. Artificial tracer experiments have been carried out in a complex karst aquifer of the folded Jura Mountains in Switzerland with the aim of deciphering the conduit organisation. It is shown that tracer experiments with multiple injection points under different flow conditions can lead to useful information on the conduits’ structure. This information has been combined with data from structural geology, spring hydrology, and speleological observations. A conceptual model of the conduit network shows that a detailed inference of the conduit organisation can be reached: geology controls conduit location and orientation; spring hydrology, including temporary springs, constrains conduit elevations and relative hydraulic heads in the aquifer subsystems; and tracer tests identify major flow paths and outlets of the system and dilution caused by non-traced tributaries, as well as the presence of secondary flow routes. This understanding of the Aubonne aquifer structure has important implications for the future management of the groundwater resource. Similar approaches coupling geological information, spring hydrology, and multi-tracer tests under various flow conditions may help to characterise the structure of the conduit network in karst aquifers. 相似文献
6.
Due to the high heterogeneity and complexity of water flow movement for multiple karst water-bearing mediums,the evaluation,effective development,and utilization of karst water resources are significantly limited.Matrix flow is usually laminar,whereas conduit flow is usually turbulent.The driving mechanisms of water exchange that occur between the karst conduit and its adjacent matrix are not well understood.This paper investigates the hydrodynamic characteristics and the mechanism of flow exchange in dual water-bearing mediums(conduit and matrix)of karst aquifers through laboratory experimentation and numerical simulation.A karst aquifer consisting of a matrix network and a conduit was proposed,and the relationship between the water exchange flux and hydraulic head differences generated from the laboratory experiments was analyzed.Two modes of experimental tests were performed with different fixed water level boundaries in the laboratory karst aquifer.The results indicate that the water exchange capacity was proportional to the square root of hydraulic head differences.The linear exchange term in the conduit flow process(CFP)source program was modified according to experimental results.The modified CFP and the original CFP model experimental data results were compared,and it was found that the modified CFP model had better fitting effects.These results showed that the water exchange mechanism between conduit and matrix is very important for solid-liquid interface reaction,water resource evaluation,and understanding of karst hydrodynamic behavior. 相似文献
7.
Karst aquifers exhibit a dual flow system characterized by interacting conduit and matrix domains. This study evaluated the coupled continuum pipe-flow framework for modeling karst groundwater flow in the Madison aquifer of western South Dakota (USA). Coupled conduit and matrix flow was simulated within a regional finite-difference model over a 10-year transient period. An existing equivalent porous medium (EPM) model was modified to include major conduit networks whose locations were constrained by dye-tracing data and environmental tracer analysis. Model calibration data included measured hydraulic heads at observation wells and estimates of discharge at four karst springs. Relative to the EPM model, the match to observation well hydraulic heads was substantially improved with the addition of conduits. The inclusion of conduit flow allowed for a simpler hydraulic conductivity distribution in the matrix continuum. Two of the high-conductivity zones in the EPM model, which were required to indirectly simulate the effects of conduits, were eliminated from the new model. This work demonstrates the utility of the coupled continuum pipe-flow method and illustrates how karst aquifer model parameterization is dependent on the physical processes that are simulated. 相似文献
8.
基于FEFLOW的岩溶管道模型构建方法探讨 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
岩溶管道流模型的刻画一直是岩溶区开展地下水数值模拟研究中的难点所在,基于此,文章以贵州六枝特区某项目为例进行地下水数值模拟研究,探索了在FEFLOW离散特性功能模块下岩溶管道流模型的刻画方式与方法。在详细分析研究区地质及水文地质条件的基础上,对研究区范围、边界、含水层结构等概化,建立了研究区的水文地质概念模型;以ArcGIS软件为辅助,基于有限元法的FEFLOW软件为操作平台,利用区内钻孔资料及野外测算结果,通过软件公式编辑、插值等功能分别获得各层顶底板高程属性,将数据输入FEFLOW后,对模拟区平面三角剖分进而空间离散构建了研究区的三维地质模型;并利用FEFLOW软件的离散特性功能模块,将研究区灰场南部岩溶洼地与岩脚泉间划定为特定区域,建立缓冲区并给予其高特异性,耦合哈根-泊肃叶流体流动公式,在模型中刻画了岩溶管道流模型;最后探讨了特殊地质构造与岩溶管道模型的刻画方式与方法刻画出了符合案例区的三维向斜褶皱地质模型和岩溶管道流模型。 相似文献
9.
Phillip R. Kemmerly 《Environmental Geology》1989,13(2):137-143
The contagion model of karst terrane evolution focuses on the environmental implications for a large karst depression population on the Pennyroyal Plain (southern Kentucky) and the adjacent Western Highland Rim (Tennessee) immediately south of the Mammoth Cave Plateau. In karst terranes where the contagion model applies, there is a well-defined infrastructure comprised of hydrologic, structural geologic and geomorphic interacting elements that result in clustered depressions underlain by a radial conduit system. Clusters tend to be randomly distributed and typically contain a parent depression surrounded by numerous daughters.Groundwater flow is assumed to be turbulent and confined largely to conduits that are 3-dimensionally configured between clusters in a dendritic to trellis network. Parent depressions serve as conduit nodes for collecting groundwater migrating from beneath daughter depressions.Flow velocities in the 3-dimensional cluster-cell conduits exceed those in granular media by several orders of magnitude making pathogen and chemical contaminant migration rapid. Groundwater quality assessment in karst conduit hydrogeologic settings is difficult because monitoring wells are inappropriate. Monitoring wells may have a low probability of intercepting a major conduit and therefore the sampling regime must take into consideration the pulse discharge of pollutants in karst conduits. Representative water quality data must come from springs located near the local base level. 相似文献
10.
Application of MODFLOW for simulating groundwater flow in the Trifilia karst aquifer, Greece 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
Georgios Panagopoulos 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2012,67(7):1877-1889
Karst aquifers can have a complex flow as a result of the formation of large conduits from dissolution features. As a result, a three-dimensional finite-difference groundwater flow model (equivalent porous media) may not apply as the dual porosity nature of karst features and the effects of turbulent flow cannot be directly simulated. Statistical analysis of karst hydrographs of the Trifilia aquifer in Greece showed the existence of a slightly karstified mass with high primary porosity that regulates the flow. An equivalent porous media model was developed to simulate the Trifilia karst aquifer using MODFLOW. Steady state and transient state calibration gave encouraging results for the equivalent porous media approach, which does not consider pipe flow or turbulence. Detailed hydrogeological research conducted in the area helped define the aquifer hydraulic conductivity zones and extent; and flux to/from the aquifer. Only hydraulic conductivity and specific yield were adjusted during calibration, as the flux to/from the system was considered known and applied as boundary conditions. Small mean absolute and RMS piezometric head error of the model under both steady and transient state conditions were achieved. 相似文献
11.
岩溶地区地下发育着大量的溶洞和地下河管道,地下水流状态既有层流也有紊流,而紊流是溶洞管道形成的重要条件。紊流的形成受到岩石初始裂隙的影响,初始裂隙的张开度、分布、走向、迹长、密度等因素都影响着裂隙发育过程中水流状态的变化。通过对不同统计特征的初始裂隙网络进行水流和溶蚀的数值模拟发现,以张开度标准差反映的裂隙网络非均匀性越强,模拟紊流出现的时间就越早;主要裂隙的存在使裂隙网络的非均性增强,主要裂隙与水力梯度总方向的角度越小,紊流出现的时间就越早;当裂隙平均迹长过小时会导致裂隙连通性较差,影响裂隙水流和溶蚀作用;裂隙密度,尤其是主要裂隙密度,对岩溶发育的影响较大。相对于次要裂隙,如果主要裂隙密度偏小,紊流形成时间会大大增加,甚至很难形成紊流。当初始裂隙张开度小于0.001 cm,增大水力梯度仍没有紊流发生,岩溶几乎不发育。 相似文献
12.
石期河流域岩溶水系统及其水资源构成分析 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
在深入研究石期河流域岩溶水系统含水介质结构特征、水资源形成的基础上,通过对流域岩溶水总排泄口流量动态长观资料系列的分析,选择2005年丰水期内最后一次洪峰(年内最大洪峰)后的流量衰减过程,根据该过程的数据资料建立本流域岩溶水总排泄口的流量衰减方程,并利用该流量衰减方程对流域岩溶水资源的构成进行定量分析研究。结果表明,石期河流域岩溶水系统在2005年最大洪峰状态下,可自然排泄的岩溶水资源总量为69 469.95×104 m3, 其中:流域坡面产流占3.64%,赋存于大型溶洞或管道中的溶洞-管道水占4.53%,赋存于小型管道或强岩溶化裂隙中的管道-裂隙水占74.10%,赋存于细小溶蚀裂隙中的溶隙水占17.73%。从衰减期的初始时刻起,它们各自可供消耗(可作为有效利用岩溶水资源)的时效分别为2日、8日、35日和126日以上。 相似文献
13.
基于流量衰减曲线的岩溶含水层水文地质参数推求方法 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
分析流量衰减曲线是研究岩溶含水层水文地质参数的重要手段。在阐明流量衰减分析理论的基础上,通过连续监测一年寨底地下河出口的小时流量过程,共获取8 784组流量数据。首先选取典型的2013年9月25日3:00暴雨后至2013年10月13日17:00的446组流量数据作为研究对象,并利用MATLAB软件对该时间段的流量过程进行曲线拟合,从而确定了不同阶段流量衰减系数分别为0.642 5、0.025 8、0.001 5;然后通过流量衰减系数计算寨底不同含水介质导水系数T与给水度S的比值;最后利用裂隙率近似给水度的方法确定了寨底不同含水介质的水文地质参数。结果表明,寨底岩溶管道、裂隙、基岩介质导水系数分别为:258.87、3 865.98、40.64 m2/d。说明辅以必要的水文地质调查,确定管道分布和径流距离,流量衰减曲线可用于计算岩溶含水层不同介质的导水性能和给水度。 相似文献
14.
贵州印江朗溪岩溶槽谷龙洞湾泉流量衰减分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
文章对贵州省印江县朗溪隔槽式向斜岩溶槽谷轴面南东侧的龙洞湾岩溶泉流量衰减规律进行了分析,通过在泉口设置复合堰、安放水文气象自动监测仪,获取了该泉降雨量和相对水位的高时间分辨率监测数据,并采用水力学公式计算了泉流量,分析了降雨过后岩溶泉流量的动态特征,再利用分区间指数函数衰减方程确定了该泉所在含水介质的结构特征及亚储水量,结果发现:（1）龙洞湾泉流量峰值滞后时间受降雨过程特征影响较大,当降雨量大或前期有降雨影响时,滞后时间短;当降雨量小或前期无降雨影响时,滞后时间长;（2）强降雨后,龙洞湾泉流量的衰减可分为三个亚动态,且衰减系数的差异较大,第I亚动态和第II亚动态的衰减系数分别是第III亚动态的11倍和3倍,这表明其三重岩溶含水介质的特征明显;（3）龙洞湾泉的含水介质具有不均匀性,以管道流和裂隙流为主,岩溶发育强烈。 相似文献
15.
A technique based on the -value, which is defined by % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr% 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9% vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x% fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaWaaSGbaeaaca% GGOaGafqiXdqNbaebacaGGPaWaaWbaaSqabeaacaaIYaaaaaGcbaWa% a0aaaeaacqaHepaDdaahaaWcbeqaaiaaikdaaaaaaaaaaaa!3CEB!\[{{(\bar \tau )^2 } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{(\bar \tau )^2 } {\overline {\tau ^2 } }}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {\overline {\tau ^2 } }}\], where is the time interval between two adjacent earthquakes and indicates the pattern of time sequences of earthquakes, has been applied to the 25 March 1986 Aegean Sea (Greece) earthquake (M
L
= 5.2) in an attempt to discover temporal changes in seismicity. The analysis of several earthquake sequences revealed that low -values preceded the occurrence of relatively large earthquakes. The -value technique may be used for monitoring the seismicity changes. 相似文献
16.
岩溶管道结构影响泉流量变化的数值模拟研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用MODFLOW-CFP建立管道流数值模型,模拟岩溶含水系统在暴雨期的响应过程,以泉口流量峰值作为因变量,分别对控制管道结构的4个参数以及落水洞集中补给比例进行调整,研究管道结构如何控制泉流量变化过程。结果表明:管道直径、管壁渗透系数和落水洞补给比例对泉口流量峰值均表现为正相关,其中管壁渗透系数影响最大;管道弯曲度值较小时其增大促进出口流量峰值变大,当径流途径变长引起的流量减小幅度超过管壁面积变大引起的流量增大幅度时,流量峰值逐渐变小;管壁粗糙度在达到两个相对应的雷诺数临界值时水流状态发生突变,导致流量峰值也表现为两次突变。 相似文献
17.
影响喀斯特地下水调蓄功能的因素的探讨 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
分析了多个亚动态反映出来的喀斯特管道级、裂隙级、孔隙级水在哀减曲线中所占的比例,并指出了影响衰减曲线形态及衰减速度的因素及其对喀斯特地下水调蓄功能的影响。孔隙度提供了孔隙水空间,在诸因素中占有较重要的权重。构造断裂及破碎会加速孔隙水的衰减,使孔隙级水在衰减曲线上的比例减少,裂隙级水的比例增大。岩层产状也将直接影响孔隙级水的衰减速度。含泥岩层中的泥质成分可以使裂隙水在衰减过程中表现出孔隙水的特征。洞穴的发育使喀斯特地下水衰减速度增大。因此,在诸多因素的影响下,可使衰减过程具有二个、三个或四个亚动态。 相似文献
18.
Simulating flow in karst aquifers at laboratory and sub-regional scales using MODFLOW-CFP 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
Groundwater flow in a well-developed karst aquifer dominantly occurs through bedding planes, fractures, conduits, and caves created by and/or enlarged by dissolution. Conventional groundwater modeling methods assume that groundwater flow is described by Darcian principles where primary porosity (i.e. matrix porosity) and laminar flow are dominant. However, in well-developed karst aquifers, the assumption of Darcian flow can be questionable. While Darcian flow generally occurs in the matrix portion of the karst aquifer, flow through conduits can be non-laminar where the relation between specific discharge and hydraulic gradient is non-linear. MODFLOW-CFP is a relatively new modeling program that accounts for non-laminar and laminar flow in pipes, like karst caves, within an aquifer. In this study, results from MODFLOW-CFP are compared to those from MODFLOW-2000/2005, a numerical code based on Darcy’s law, to evaluate the accuracy that CFP can achieve when modeling flows in karst aquifers at laboratory and sub-regional (Woodville Karst Plain, Florida, USA) scales. In comparison with laboratory experiments, simulation results by MODFLOW-CFP are more accurate than MODFLOW 2005. At the sub-regional scale, MODFLOW-CFP was more accurate than MODFLOW-2000 for simulating field measurements of peak flow at one spring and total discharges at two springs for an observed storm event. 相似文献
19.
Karst aquifer studies often focus on allogenic water inputs and large conduit flow. However, diffuse recharge can be significant, particularly in unconfined eogenetic karst aquifers that retain high matrix permeability. This study examines an unconfined region of the upper Floridan aquifer (USA) that hosts a sinking stream, its resurgence, and a large conduit system. Daily diffuse recharge was approximated using a water-budget method and ranged from 17% of precipitation during a low precipitation year to >53% during the highest precipitation year, illustrating the highly variable nature of diffuse recharge in this region. The total allogenic input via the sinking stream over the 5 years of the study was significantly larger than the volume of diffuse recharge. However, only about 2% of the allogenic recharge flows from the conduit into the surrounding aquifer. That flow is restricted to storm events when hydraulic heads in the conduits exceed those in the surrounding aquifer. The estimated volume of dissolution is similar for allogenic recharge and diffuse recharge to the unconfined region surrounding the conduits, but dissolution from the diffuse recharge is distributed over a larger area than dissolution from allogenic recharge. These results exemplify how recharge type impacts flow and water–rock interactions in eogenetic karst aquifers. 相似文献
20.
Water pollution is a widespread problem in different areas of the world. Some of these problems originated from point contamination sources and widespread contaminant outlet sources which are observed in every country. The major elements and chemical loads of surface water have been dominated by constituents derived directly or indirectly from human activities and/or industrial practices that have increased additives in the last several decades. The point sources of contamination may result from the direct wastewater discharges to the dam sites, which are considered to be the most commonly encountered water pollution problems. One of these problems is the eutrophication process which usually occurs in the static water mass of lakes and other surface water reservoirs. This process may be caused by the continuous increase of nitrogen and phosphorus contents and decrease of O2 level in water causing an anaerobic condition which may stimulate algae-growth flow in these water bodies, consequently reducing the quality of water. Of course, there are many research methods for determining the various kinds of water pollution. In this research, the hydrochemical parameters were evaluated to estimate the types of pollution sources, the level of pollution, and its environmental impacts on the Tahtal dam reservoir. 相似文献