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低煤阶煤层气作为一种非常规天然气资源,具有良好的勘探开发前景。我国低煤阶煤层气资源丰富,进行低煤阶煤层气系统演化分析,对其富集成藏及开发具有重要的理论意义。鄂尔多斯盆地煤层甲烷的碳同位素δ13C1为–33.1‰~–80.0‰,氢同位素δCH4为–235‰~–268‰。该盆地侏罗系煤层气藏主要有次生生物气与热成因气构成的混合型煤层气藏和热成因气藏两种类型。据构造热事件、煤层气组分及成因,结合不同阶段的煤层埋深、变质程度和生气特征等,将鄂尔多斯盆地侏罗系低煤阶煤层气系统演化划分为4个阶段:煤系浅埋–原生生物气阶段﹑煤系深埋–热成因气阶段﹑煤系抬升–吸附气逃逸散失阶段﹑煤系局部沉降–次生生物气补充阶段。其中,煤系深埋–热成因气阶段和局部沉降–次生生物气阶段是低煤阶煤层气资源的主要形成阶段。次生生物气的补充是鄂尔多斯盆地侏罗系低煤阶煤层气成功开发的重要气源。鄂尔多斯盆地侏罗系煤层气藏应属于单斜式富气成藏模式。 相似文献
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生物成因煤层气的生成及其资源意义 总被引：13，自引：1，他引：13
生物成因煤层气一般可分为原生和次生生物成因，它们在生成机理上有许多相似之处，但也有所不同，导致后期保存和同位素组成上的差异。研究指出，原生生物成因气不能被大量保留在煤层中，气田中的生物成因气多为次生生物成因气；次生生物成因煤层气分布比较普遍，含量较为丰富，且生物成因煤层气埋藏深度浅，勘探成本低，因此次生生物成因煤层气具有不容忽视的巨大资源潜力。 相似文献
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煤系烃源层的构造—热演化过程研究对揭示煤系气的生成机制具有重要意义.为揭示鄂尔多斯盆地东南缘黄陵矿区向斜核部中生代煤系烃源层的构造—热演化过程、生排烃阶段及煤系气成因类型,根据含煤地层岩性、剩余地层现今埋深、储层孔隙度、镜质组最大反射率、甲烷碳氢同位素组成和生物甲烷产率等数据,运用Petromod 1D模拟软件与回剥反演法及EASY％Ro法对研究区煤系烃源岩的受热和生烃演化过程进行重建.研究结果表明:黄陵矿区自晚三叠世以来,煤系主要经历了3～4次"沉降—抬升"过程,其生烃演化过程可分为原生生物成因气、热成因气和次生生物成因气3个阶段.晚三叠世末期至中侏罗世早期,煤系烃源岩镜质组最大反射率演化至0.3％,对应原生生物成因气生成阶段;中侏罗世早期至早白垩世末期,煤系埋深及受热温度逐渐升高至最大值,镜质组最大反射率演化至0.67％～0.74％,热解生烃作用停止,对应热成因气生成阶段;自始新世早期至今,煤系发生抬升且埋深浅于2077～2148 m,受热温度低于75℃,对应次生生物成因气生成阶段.侏罗系延安组3号和2号煤层中甲烷碳、氢同位素组成数据和微生物降解煤岩生成生物气实验(甲烷累计产率为10.5～16.1μmol/g)为该区存在次生生物成因气提供了直接证据. 相似文献
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煤层气化学组分、甲烷碳氢同位素特征对煤层气成因、分布规律和煤层气资源评价具有重要意义。为了查明河东煤田北部兴县地区山西组、太原组煤层甲烷及二氧化碳成因，采集研究区煤层气井解吸气样，通过组分分析、CH4碳氢同位素和CO2碳同位素测试，根据煤层气成因图版，分析了煤层气稳定同位素的地质影响因素，揭示了研究区煤层气成因。结果表明，区内主力煤层的甲烷碳同位素存在明显差异:8煤甲烷δ13C1值介于-55.1‰~-44.2‰，平均为-49.2‰；13煤δ13C1值介于-65.7‰~-55.7‰，平均为-59.8‰。同一煤层内甲烷碳同位素呈现出随煤层埋深增加而变重、随水动力条件增强变轻的特点；甲烷碳同位素偏轻，重烃组分偏少，表明受到一定因素或次生作用的影响。8煤以热成因气为主，13煤以次生生物成因气为主。研究区8煤δ13C （CO2）介于-17.3‰~-4.8‰，13煤δ13C （CO2）介于-26.3‰~-6.9‰，二氧化碳为煤热演化初期或最近一次煤层抬升再沉降后煤中有机质热裂解产生。研究成果为明确该区煤层气勘探开发方向提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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西北低阶煤中生物成因煤层气的成藏模拟实验 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
以往经验认为,具有商业价值的煤层气资源主要存在于中煤阶的煤层中,煤阶太低,一般含气量不高,不具有勘探价值.但是近几年来发现美国的粉河和澳大利亚的苏拉特等低煤阶盆地煤层厚度大,渗透率高,资源丰度大,含气饱和度高,可获得商业性的气流.从其气体的成因来看,其中有很大一部分是生物成因的煤层气.通过本次采用FY-Ⅱ型煤层气成藏模拟装置和西北低煤阶含煤盆地的煤岩样品开展了低煤阶生物成因的煤层气成藏模拟,从实验角度证明了中国西北地区虽然煤层煤阶较低,热成因气较少,但是却存在着具有商业价值的二次生物成因的甲烷气,再加上含煤层系众多,煤层厚度大,资源丰度极高,仍具有巨大的勘探潜力. 相似文献
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生物成因煤层气实验研究现状与进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
总结了当前国内外关于生物成因煤层气生成机理及其影响因素、煤层中厌氧菌及其与煤层生物甲烷生成的关系和生物成因煤层气生成模拟实验研究方面的最新进展。细菌计数和分子生态学研究是考察煤层厌氧菌数量和生理特征的主要方法。煤抽提物的有机地球化学分析验证了煤层可作为生气基质产气,而生物模拟实验研究了煤层生物甲烷生成过程中各种影响因素的影响特征。国内对煤层厌氧菌的研究主要集中在细菌计数和富集培养上,而国外研究则更多关注煤中本源产甲烷菌的分子生态学特征和菌种的改良研究。 相似文献
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准噶尔盆地东南部低煤阶煤层气富集条件及主控因素 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
准噶尔盆地煤层气资源丰富。其中,准东南地区煤层分布稳定,厚度大,埋深适中,含气性较好,是煤层气勘探有利区。
然而,准东南地区近年来的煤层气勘探没有取得理想效果,对低煤阶煤层气富集主控因素认识不足是其主要原因之一。本
文通过对煤层气地质特征和富集条件的分析,认为准南地区煤岩演化程度高,水文条件较好,有次生生物气及深部热解气
的补充,气源充足,富集条件好;准东地区尽管煤层厚度大,但煤岩演化程度低,地下水矿化度高,不具备生物气补充条件,
且缺乏区域盖层,富集条件较差,导致煤层含气量低。进一步分析认为,构造、水文和盖层是准南地区煤层气富集的主控因素,
有利的构造部位控制着深部热解气源,水文地质条件控制着次生生物气的补给,盖层控制了煤层气的保存条件。 相似文献
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对比研究了山西沁水盆地李雅庄煤矿、寺河煤矿和附城七一煤矿煤岩的地球化学特征,讨论了煤岩的热演化程度、可溶有机质含量、生物标志化合物特征。在此基础上,分析了热成因煤层气与次生生物成因煤层气的气源潜力,对研究区煤层气勘探有实际意义。 相似文献
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To determine the origin, maturity, formation mechanism and secondary process of marine natural gases in Northeastern Sichuan area, molecular moieties and carbon isotopic data of the Carboniferous and Triassic gases have been analyzed. Typical samples of marine gas precursors including low-maturity kerogen, dispersed liquid hydrocarbons (DLHs) in source rocks, residual kerogen and oil have been examined in a closed system, and several published geochemical diagrams of gas origins have been calibrated by using laboratory data. Results show that both Carboniferous and Triassic gases in the study area have a thermogenic origin. Migration leads to stronger compositional and weak isotopic fractionation, and is path dependent. Carboniferous gases and low-H2S gases are mainly formed by secondary cracking of oil, whereas high-H2S gases are clearly related to the TSR (Thermal Sulfate Reduction) process. Gases in NE Sichuan show a mixture of heavy (13C-enriched) methane in comparison to the lower maturated ethane of Triassic gas samples, suggesting a similar source and maturity for ethane and propane of Carboniferous gases, and a mixture of heavy ethane to the propane for Triassic gases. Based on the data plotted in the diagram of Chung et al. (1988), the residual kerogen from Silurian marine shale and palaeo oil reservoirs are the main source for Carboniferous gases, and that the residual kerogen from Silurian and Permian marine rocks and Permian paleao oil reservoirs constitute the principal source of Triassic gases. 相似文献
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鄂尔多斯盆地东北缘保德地区煤层气成因 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
鄂尔多斯盆地东北缘保德地区煤层气井组试采取得较好效果,但煤层气成因尚未形成统一认识,影响到对区域煤层
气勘探开发潜力的进一步认识。本文基于各类煤层气样品组分和稳定同位素的分析,对其成因进行了探讨。结果表明,煤
层气组分以甲烷为主,重烃浓度极低;δ13CCH4明显偏轻,部分δ13CCH4和δDCH4分布在热成因与二氧化碳还原型生物成因气过
渡区间;δ13CCO2相对较重,且与δ13CCH4之间存在负相关关系。分析认为,该区煤层气具有混合成因,以热成因气为主,兼
具生物成因气的特征,生物甲烷形成于二氧化碳还原途径,煤层水的化学和动力条件以及煤岩孔渗条件有利于产甲烷菌的
大量繁殖。 相似文献
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淮南煤田煤层气成藏动力学系统的机制与地质模型研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
淮南煤田由次生生物成因和热成因气组成的混合型煤层气藏,受各种地质和水文地质条件的影响和控制。本文通过热流场和地温场、古构造应力场和原地应力场以及地下水动力场的系统分析,探讨了煤层气成藏动力学系统的形成机制,进而提出了相应的成藏地质模型。淮南煤田的煤层气藏虽然属向斜式(或盆心)聚气模型,但是,该模型强调,作为附加气源的次生生物气的补充,成藏动力学系统演化、构造样式和能量场的耦合关系,是混合型煤层气富集成藏的主因。 相似文献
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Gas content in coal is not fixed but changes when equilibrium conditions within the reservoir are disrupted. Therefore, gas content distribution in coal varies laterally within individual coal beds, vertically among coal beds in a single well, and within thicker coal beds. Major hydrogeologic factors affecting gas content variability include gas generation, coal properties, and reservoir conditions. Gas generation affects gas content variability on a regional scale, whereas coal properties influence gas content distribution on a regional and local scale. Reservoir conditions affect gas content more locally within specific fields or individual wells. The potential for high gas content is controlled directly by the amount of thermogenic and secondary biogenic gases generated from the coal which in turn are controlled by burial history, maceral composition, and basin hydrodynamics. Variability in mineral matter (ash) and moisture content, sorption behavior among macerals, diffusion coefficients, and permeability result in heterogeneous gas content distribution. Gas content decreases with decreasing pressure and temperature, and coal beds become undersaturated with respect to methane during basin uplift and cooling. Gas content generally increases where conventional and hydrodynamic trapping of coal gases occur and may decrease in areas of active recharge with downward flow potential and/or convergent flow where there is no mechanism for entrapment. 相似文献
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呼和湖凹陷是海拉尔盆地中一个重要的二级凹陷,其中存在2套主力烃源岩系(大磨拐河组和南屯组),均含有煤层,且煤层生烃条件优越,可以作为煤成气的有效源岩.基于对该凹陷中煤系源岩综合评价,笔者采用三维建模与构造模拟系统(TSM)对该凹陷进行盆地模拟,计算出了该区煤系源岩的生气潜量.研究表明,呼和湖凹陷中部和南部的煤层分布比较广泛,平均厚度为120 m左右;煤系源岩干酪根类型主要为Ⅲ型,属于倾气型烃源岩;该凹陷以未成熟-低成熟阶段的煤系源岩为主,R_o大部分在0.3%～0.9%;凹陷煤成气总量为1.6897×10~(12)m~3,具有很好的勘探开发前景. 相似文献
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TAO Mingxin LI Jing LI Xiaobin MA Yuzhen LI Zhongping WANG Zuodong GAO Zhongliang ZHANG Xiaojun WANG Yanlong 《《地质学报》英文版》2012,86(1):199-208
According to the adsorption-desorption characteristics of coalbed gas and analysis of various experimental data, this paper proposes that the generation of secondary biogenic gas (SBG) and its mixing of with the residual thermogenic gas at an early stage inevitably lead to secondary changes of the thermogenic gas and various geochemical additive effects. Experimental results also show that the fractionation of the carbon isotope of methane of coal core desorption gas changes very little; the δ13C1 value of the mixed gas of biogenic and thermogenic gases is between the δ13C1 values of the two “original” gases, and the value is determined by the carbon isotopic compositions and mixing proportions of the two “original” methanes. Therefore this paper proposes that the study on the secondary changes of the thermogenic gas and various additive effects is a new effective way to study and identify SBG. Herein, a systematic example of research on the coalbed gas (Huainan coalbed gas) is further conducted, revealing a series of secondary changes and additive effects, the main characteristics and markers of which are: (1) the contents of CO2 and heavy-hydrocarbons decrease significantly; (2) the content of CH4 increases and the gas becomes drier; (3) the δ13C and δD values of methane decrease significantly and tend to have biogenetic characteristics; and (4) the values of δ13C2 and δ13CCO2 grow higher. These isotopic values also change with the degradation degrees by microbes and mixing proportions of the two kinds of gases in different locations. There exists a negative correlation between the δ13C1 vs δ13CCO2 values. The △δ13CC2–C1 values obviously become higher. The distributions of the △δ13CCO2–C1 values are within certain limits and show regularity. There exist a positive correlation between the N2 versus Ar contents, and a negative correlation between the N2 versus CH4 contents, indicating the down forward infiltration of the surface water containing air. These are important markers of the generation and existence of SBG. 相似文献
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Origin of natural gases and their differences between the eastern and western parts of central Tarim Basin 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The origin of natural gases in central Tarim Basin is very complicated and there has been no definite conclusion in this aspect. Based on the results of systematic research on their composition and carbon isotopic characteristics, natural gases in central Tarim Basin are composed mainly of hydrocarbon gas, Ordovician natural gas with the characteristics of crude oil-cracking gas, and Carboniferous natural gas not only originating from kerogen cracking, but also from oil cracking. There are significant differences in composition and carbon isotope of natural gases between the eastern and western areas. The causes for the differences in geochemical characteristics of natural gases are presented as follows: different thermal evolution degrees of organic matter. Natural gases in the western region may have generated from the Middle- Upper Ordovician source rocks, and natural gases in the eatern region may be derived from the Cambrian source rocks, which entered into high to over mature stages; the gases migrated from west to east and caused the different compositional and carbon isotopic characteristics of natural gases; difference in the strength of thermal sulfate reduction between the eastern and western parts, with the reduction in the eastern part being stronger than that in the western part. 相似文献