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论广州地区的地震构造及其发震危险性 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
广州的主要断裂构造是北北东向的广州—从化断裂带与近东西向的瘦狗岭断裂带与广州—三水断裂带。在北西西—南东东向区域构造应力场作用下,上述两条近东西向的断裂带组成右行左阶排列,导致岩桥区出现近东西向的附加挤压应力场,酿成广州—从化断裂带广州段内发生右行剪切运动,它是广州地区历史上数十次地震的发生带,是广州地区的主要发震构造;而右行左阶排列的近东西向断裂带的活动则是蕴育广州地震的原因。由于广州地区之主要发震构造规模不大,地震最大强度将以中强震为主,其极震区之地震烈度一般为六度,少数情况下可能接近七度。 相似文献
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《中国科学:地球科学》2016,(12)
北东走向、长达900km的依兰-伊通断裂带是东北地区重要的大型断裂构造,然而其起源问题却长期存在着较大的认识上分歧.通过系统的野外观察与室内综合分析,表明该断裂带在白垩-古近纪地堑外侧仍保存着走滑断层或韧性剪切带,代表了其起源期构造.这些走滑构造多为脆性平移断层,仅在南部威远堡-叶赫段和中部舒兰段出露为韧性剪切带.这两段剪切带走向北东-南西,具有陡倾的糜棱面理和缓倾的矿物拉伸线理.露头与显微构造及石英C轴组构均指示剪切带为左行走滑运动,并具有小幅度的逆冲分量.显微构造指示威远堡-叶赫段剪切带的变形温度为400~450℃,而舒兰段剪切带为350~400℃.一系列剪切带内变形与未变形岩体或岩脉的锆石U-Pb定年,限定了其走滑活动时限为160~126Ma.再依据研究区主要地质事件的对比,推断该断裂带起源时间为早白垩世初.由此表明,起源于中三叠世的郯庐断裂带中-南段,在早白垩世初区域挤压作用下(相当于燕山运动B幕)沿着依兰-伊通断裂带以左行平移断层的形式向北扩展进入东北地区.依兰-伊通断裂带在早白垩世初的出现应是东部太平洋区伊泽纳崎板块的高速斜向俯冲与西北部蒙古-鄂霍茨克洋最终关闭联合动力作用下的结果,但前者的动力贡献占主导. 相似文献
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变形岩石的磁组构参数Kmax、Kint、Kmin、P、T、F、L、E等可以用来定量地表征构造变形的形状及期次.本文通过对阿尔金断裂带（郭扎错—空喀山口段）中岩石磁组构特征分析,认为该断裂带具多期活动性,变形性状由早到晚依次表现为韧性、韧-脆性及脆性变形,应力机制为剪切以及带有剪切性质的拉伸和压扁,主应力方向为NNE-SSW和近SN向.磁组构特征还表明该断裂带两侧断块相对差异运动在不同地区有所不同,而且它们所经历的构造期次以及各期活动的应力机制、影响程度也有明显区别.此外,磁组构数据显示阿尔金断裂带具有中间变形强、向两侧变形逐渐减弱的准对称特点,其早期变形具有由东往西逐渐减弱的变化规律.由磁组构揭示的应力应变特征与野外露头、显微构造和古应力测量结果一致. 相似文献
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喜马拉雅东构造结东缘碧罗雪山-崇山剪切带北段构造变形特征及构造意义 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
位于喜马拉雅东构造结东缘的新生代碧罗雪山-崇山剪切带出露各类构造岩,其西侧翼主要为片麻岩带,以条带片麻岩、眼球状糜棱岩化片麻岩和混合片麻岩为特征,东侧翼为糜棱岩化片岩带;基于野外构造-组构几何关系和叠加-改造痕迹,可识别出多期韧性、韧-脆性和脆性构造变形（D1~D4）.第一期变形D1主要发育等斜-紧闭褶皱F1（褶皱轴近N-S走向）和陡立的轴面劈理S1,以及代表地壳物质垂向增厚和侧向减薄的布丁构造;第二期变形D2构造特征为发育大规模韧性走滑剪切面理S2,部分S2面理发生褶皱变形,形成褶皱F2,褶皱轴陡倾伏,褶皱面陡立,近N-S走向,与剪切面理S2近平行,D2构造样式表现为左旋走滑挤压应变（Transpression）特征;D1和D2构造变形均被晚期NW-SE和NE-SW走向的第三期D3构造改造,即走滑剪切带S3和共轭走滑断裂;第四期构造D4以脆性右旋走滑伸展应变（Transtension）为特征,即N-S走向的走滑组分和正断组分同时发生.结合邻区新生代哀牢山-红河剪切带和高黎贡剪切带的构造几何、运动学和年代学数据,分析认为自新生代印度-欧亚汇聚-碰撞以来,环喜马拉雅东构造结及东缘地区的陆内构造变形经历了地壳增厚（D1）、左旋走滑挤压（韧性域D2和韧-脆性域D3）和右旋走滑伸展（D4）多期构造变形和变形体制的转换. 相似文献
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华南武功山中生代伸展构造 总被引：44，自引：3，他引：41
江西武功山是一个中生代花岗岩穹窿伸展构造 ,由花岗质深成岩、韧性剪切变质岩和南北两侧盆地构造所组成 ,具三层结构 .区域面理走向东西 ,拉伸线理指向南北 ,轴部位于洪江 万龙山一带 .运动学研究表明 ,其轴部为同轴变形 ,两侧岩层则朝山外倾滑 .南北两侧的安福和萍乡盆地分别发生向南和向北的脆性层滑运移 .它发育在加里东期变质基底之上 ,被晚白垩世红层不整合覆盖 .花岗岩和韧剪变形矿物的4 0 Ar/ 39Ar法和K Ar法测年表明 ,该伸展构造开始于三叠纪 ,结束于早白垩世 ,其高峰期可能在晚侏罗世 相似文献
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雅鲁藏布大峡谷地区构造和地震活动特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
雅鲁藏布大峡谷地区位于喜马拉雅东构造结前锋地带,新构造运动和地震活动都十分强烈,两者关系密切。区内发育有北北东-北东向和北西西-北西向两组断裂构造,调查研究表明,它们的规模、性质、活动时代、活动强度等特征具有明显的差异：北西西-北西向断裂规模较大,多为逆冲、逆走滑断层,形成较早;北北东-北东向断裂单条规模相对不大,常集中分布,构成北北东向的剪切拉张断裂构造带,形成较晚,第四纪晚期活动明显。强震主要发生在喜马拉雅山差异运动强烈地带或地段,如块体周边的深大断裂带及其附近。7级以L地震主要与断裂构造带中规模较大、全新世强烈活动段、断裂几何构造复杂部位或多组方向断裂交汇密切相关。其中,7．5级以上地震发生在断裂构造带中走滑分量较大的北西向和北东向断裂带上。 相似文献
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塔藏断裂位于东昆仑断裂带东段,长约170km,与岷山断裂带共同构成巴颜喀拉块体的东北构造边界,中部与岷江断裂、荷叶断裂、虎牙断裂的北延段交会,构成岷山隆起的地貌边界。通过卫星影像解译结合构造地貌调查,确定了断层属于全新世活动断层,并利用断层走向弯曲和活动性、阶区等标志将塔藏断裂分为三段。西段为罗叉段,总体走向NWW,西侧与玛曲断裂形成左行左阶拉分区,东侧在下黄寨村走向顺时针偏转至东北村段。中段为东北村段,总体走向NW,东侧在九寨沟口附近走向逆时针偏转至马家磨段。东段为马家磨段,总体走向NWW,西侧隔荷叶断裂、虎牙断裂的北延段与中段相接。东北村段以岷江断裂斜交点为界可分为南北两个次级段,马家磨段以阶区为界划分为扎如次段、唐寨次段、勿角次段。罗叉段和马家磨段的地震离逝时间较近,东北村段相对较远。断裂带整体呈反"S"形,自西向东滑动速率总体呈减小趋势,大部分水平变形转化为垂向的岷山隆升。结合不同段上的滑动速率,发现东昆仑断裂东段滑动速率呈梯度下降特征与东昆仑断裂带东段断层弯曲的几何特征相对应。 相似文献
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Discovery of the Longriba fault zone in eastern Bayan Har block,China and its tectonic implication 总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20
Re-measured GPS data have recently revealed that a broad NE trending dextral shear zone exists in the eastern Bayan Har block about 200 km northwest of the Longmenshan thrust on the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The strain rate along this shear zone may reach up to 4-6 mm/a. Our interpretation of satellite images and field observations indicate that this dextral shear zone corresponds to a newly generated NE trending Longriba fault zone that has been ignored before. The northeast segment of the Longriba fault zone consists of two subparallel N54°±5°E trending branch faults about 30 km apart, and late Quaternary offset landforms are well developed along the strands of these two branch faults. The northern branch fault, the Longriqu fault, has relatively large reverse component, while the southern branch fault, the Maoergai fault, is a pure right-lateral strike slip fault. According to vector synthesizing principle, the average right-lateral strike slip rate along the Longriba fault zone in the late Quaternary is calculated to be 5.4±2.0 mm/a, the vertical slip rate to be 0.7 mm/a, and the rate of crustal shortening to be 0.55 mm/a. The discovery of the Longriba fault zone may provide a new insight into the tectonics and dynamics of the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Taken the Longriba fault zone as a boundary, the Bayan Har block is divided into two sub-blocks: the Ahba sub-block in the west and the Longmenshan sub-block in the east. The shortening and uplifting of the Longmenshan sub-block as a whole reflects that both the Longmenshan thrust and Longriba fault zone are subordinated to a back propagated nappe tectonic system that was formed during the southeastward motion of the Bayan Har block owing to intense resistance of the South China block. This nappe tectonic system has become a boundary tectonic type of an active block supporting crustal deformation along the eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau from late Cenozoic till now. The Longriba fault zone is just an active fault zone newly-generated in late Quaternary along this tectonic system. 相似文献
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本文利用雅鲁藏布江下游台阵的16个台站2016年度的近震数据,通过横波窗内的横波分裂测量,在各台站总计得到369个有效的横波分裂参数对,分析得出喜马拉雅东构造结上地壳各向异性特征。空间上,各台站的快波偏振优势方向整体上自西向东由近EW向,转为NE向,然后转向近NS或NNE向,最后转向NW向。大部分靠近或位于活动断裂带上的台站的快波偏振优势方向与断裂的走向一致,主要体现在墨竹工卡断裂上的ZOS台,雅鲁藏布江断裂上的WOL,NYG,ZIB和DOJ台站,墨脱断裂上的BEB和DEX台站,以及迫龙—旁辛断裂上的BAX和DAM台站;而距离雅鲁藏布江断裂西段和东段各有一定距离的LAD和YIG台站,以及位于雅鲁藏布江断裂东段与嘉利断裂交会处的TOM台的快波偏振优势方向与断裂走向存在一定角度,但其与喜马拉雅东构造结主压应力场方向NNE向基本一致。上地壳各向异性整体体现了结构控制和应力控制的特征,但各台站的横波分裂参数并未表现出随时间的规律变化特征,这可能与2016年研究区地震活动强度较弱有关。研究区各台站间存在较大的横波分裂参数差异和自身离散度,反映出东构造结复杂的构造特征和剧烈的变形作用。 相似文献
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涉县断裂为太行山隆起区内涉县盆地的控盆构造,走向由NE转为近EW向,倾向NW/N,中部在井店东被EW向断裂错断,是控制涉县盆地的一组断裂。本文采用地质地貌调查、河流阶地分析和地质测年等方法,研究了涉县断裂晚第四纪活动特征。研究发现,涉县断裂带由多组断裂构成,带宽约200m,在清漳河两侧表现为山前的陡崖地貌、基岩破碎变形带,具有正断兼走滑特征,在基岩变形带上部发育走向NNE向和NWW向次级滑动面,次级滑动面错断第四系黄土,最新活动到晚更新世;断裂在盆地区通过,地表形成低缓陡坎,断裂错断Q2-3地层,表现为上陡下缓的正断层。通过对涉县断裂两侧清漳河河流阶地、夷平面和地层年龄综合分析,估算涉县断裂晚更新世以来平均垂直滑动速率为0.06～0.08mm/a,中更新世以来平均垂直滑动速率为0.22～0.34mm/a,垂直差异活动主要发生于中更新世期间。 相似文献
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利用断层滑动资料反演构造应力张量从而确定出海原、六盘山断裂带至银川断陷的第四纪两期构造应力场 :早更新世末期以前 ,为北东—南西挤压型构造应力场 ,由此造成该地区断裂活动主要以逆断为主 ;早更新世末期至中更新世以后 ,构造应力场发生了调整 ,主压应力方向由早期的北东—南西改变为北东东—南西西 ,应力结构由挤压型转变为走滑型 ,并导致断裂活动由早期的逆断为主变为走滑为主 ,这种应力场格局一直持续至今。研究区现代构造应力场可划分为 :海原断裂带走滑应力区、六盘山逆断 -走滑混合应力区和银川断陷拉张应力区 相似文献
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Introduction The Tanlu fault zone, the largest active structure in the eastern region of China, is character-ized by right lateral strike-slip movement with dip-slip component in the Quaternary; it shows great significance for the modern seismicity (FANG et al, 1976; Institute of Geophysics, China Earthquake Administration, 1987; GAO et al, 1980; MA, 1987; LI, 1989; CHAO et al, 1995). The Tanlu fault zone is the boundary between the Jiaoliao block and the North China Plain block of … 相似文献
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利用浅地层剖面仪对郯庐断裂带莱州湾段进行了活断层探测,发现郯庐断裂带主干断裂在第四纪晚期以来具有明显的活动,继承了晚第三纪以来的主要构造活动特点,仍是这一区域的主导性构造. 西支KL3断裂由多条高角度正断裂组成,最新活动时代为晚更新世晚期至全新世早期,受到一系列错断晚更新世晚期沉积的北东或近东西向断裂的切割;东支龙口断裂由两段右阶斜列的次级断层组成,沿断裂带不但有明显的晚第四纪断错活动,而且还发育北北东向晚第四纪生长褶皱,表现出明显的晚更新世晚期至全新世活动特征. 在山东陆地区也发现了与龙口断裂相对应的安丘——莒县断裂,安丘段由一系列右阶斜列的次级断层组成. 从安丘向北至莱州湾凹陷,郯庐断裂带东支活断层构成了一条右旋单剪变形带,每一个次级活断层段相当于带内理论上次级压剪面,在第四纪晚期以来仍以右旋走滑活动为主要特征. 相似文献
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通过卫星影像解译、野外实地调查与地质填图,对滇西南地区黑河断裂中西段晚第四纪构造活动特征进行了研究.结果表明,黑河断裂为一条规模较大的区域性活动断裂带,西起沧源县南,向东南止于澜沧江断裂,全长约168 km,走向280°～310°.该断裂晚第四纪新活动性具有一定的差异性和分段性.根据其几何结构、最新活动性及1988年澜沧7.6级地震破裂带特征,可将黑河断裂从西向东划分为沧源-木戛、木戛-南代和南代-勐往三条次级断裂段.其中的中、西段长约88 km,全新世活动显著,活动性质以右旋走滑为主.沿断裂形成了丰富的断错地貌现象.西段断裂的最新活动断错了全新世晚期地层;中段是1988年澜沧7.6级地震的发震断裂之一.根据对断错冲沟的测量和年代测试,得到其全新世以来右旋滑动速率为(3.54±0.78)mm/a,与区域上其它断裂的滑动速率大致相当,反映了其区域构造活动的整体性和协调性. 相似文献
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GEOLOGICAL AND GEOMORPHIC EVIDENCE FOR DEXTRAL STRIKE SLIP OF THE HELAN SHAN WEST-PIEDMONT FAULT AND ITS TECTONIC IMPLICATIONS 
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下载免费PDF全文 LEI Qi-yun ZHANG Pei-zhen ZHENG Wen-jun DU Peng WANG Wei-tao YU Jing-xing XIE Xiao-feng 《地震地质》2017,39(6):1297-1315
The horizontal movement of the Helan Shan west-piedmont fault is important to determination of the present-day boundary between the Alashan and North China blocks as well as to the exploration of the extent of the northeastward expansion of the Tibetan plateau. Field geological surveys found that this fault cuts the west wing of the Neogene anticline, which right-laterally offset the geological boundary between Ganhegou and Qingshuiying Formations with displacement over 800m. The secondary tensional joints (fissures)intersected with the main faults developed on the Quaternary flood high platform near the fault, of which the acute angles indicate its dextral strike slip. The normal faults developed at the southern end of the Helan Shan west-piedmont fault show that the west wall of this fault moves northward, and the tensional adjustment zone formed at the end of the strike slip fault, which reflects that the horizontal movement of the main fault is dextral strike slip. The dextral dislocation occurred in the gully across the fault during different periods. Therefore, the Helan Shan west-piedmont fault is a dextral strike slip fault rather than a sinistral strike slip fault as previous work suggested. The relationship between the faulting and deformation of Cenozoic strata demonstrates that there were two stages of tectonic deformation near the Helan Shan west-piedmont fault since the late Cenozoic, namely early folding and late faulting. These two tectonic deformations are the result of the northeastward thrust on the Alashan block by the Tibet Plateau. The influence range of Tibetan plateau expansion has arrived in the Helan Shan west-piedmont area in the late Pliocene leading to the dextral strike slip of this fault as well as formation of the current boundary between the Alashan and North China blocks, which is also the youngest front of the Tibetan plateau. 相似文献
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华北北部地区的张家口-渤海断裂带是控制现代强震的一条地震构造带。新近纪以来,在区域NEE向主压应力的作用下,新发育了一系列的NE向构造活动带,与张家口-渤海断裂带组成1组共轭的剪切破裂系统,控制了近代强震的发生。文中主要探讨了这条断裂带的地壳形变特征。长趋势GPS地壳形变图像反映了这条活动断裂带相对完整的左旋走滑活动。分期的地壳形变图像揭示了在中强地震前,沿该断裂带出现一系列的NE向梯度异常带,分别指示了唐山-河间、三河-涞水以及延怀-山西地震构造活动带的活动,表明了沿张家口-渤海断裂带出现了中强地震的中期前兆。研究认为,强震前地壳形变揭示的是深部蕴震层的应变活动信息,而强震之后比较杂乱的图像特征体现了盖层的调整运动 相似文献
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South China is the most important uranium producer in the country. Much of the Mesozoic-Cenozoic geology of this area was
dominated by NNE-trending intracontinental strike-slip faulting that resulted from oblique subduction of the paleo-Pacific
plate underneath the eastern China continent. This strike-slip fault system was characterized by transpression in the early-mid
Jurassic and by transtension from the latest Jurassic through Cretaceous to early Tertiary. Most uranium ore deposits in South
China are strictly fault-hosted and associated with mid-late Mesozoic granitic intrusions and volcanic rocks, which formed
under transpression and transtension regimes, respectively. Various data demonstrate that the NNE-trending strike-slip faults
have played critical roles in the formation and distribution of hydrothermal uranium deposits. Extensive geochronological
studies show that a majority of uranium deposits in South China formed during the time period of 140–40 Ma with peak ages
between 87–48 Ma, coinciding well with the time interval of transtension. However, hydrothermal uranium deposits are not uniformly
distributed along individual strike-slip fault. The most important ore-hosting segments are pull-apart stepovers, splay structures,
extensional strike-slip duplexes, releasing bends and fault intersections. This non-uniform distribution of ore occurrences
in individual fault zone reflects localization of hydrothermal fluids within those segments that were highly dilational and
thus extremely permeable. The unique geometric patterns and structural styles of strike-slip faults may have facilitated mixing
of deeply derived and near-surface fluids, as evidenced by stable isotopic data from many uranium deposits in South China.
The identification of fault segments favorable for uranium mineralization in South China is important for understanding the
genesis of hydrothermal ore deposits within continental strike-slip faults, and therefore has great implications for exploration
strategies. 相似文献