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1.
本文通过南极第 1 5次科学考察 ,对夏季普里兹湾的溶解有机碳 (DOC)进行研究。结果表明 :调查期间普里兹湾及邻近海域DOC平均含量较高 ,表层含量在 68.2 3- 1 2 5 .92 μM之间变化 ,平均值为 1 0 2 .32 μM ,大于典型的大洋表层DOC含量 ( 70- 80 μM )。垂直分布表明水体上层DOC含量高于底层 ,在 2 5- 5 0m附近含量出现最高值。在普里兹湾及邻近海域难降解有机物是DOC的主要部分 ,经估算湾内难降解DOC含量 92 .34μM占总DOC的 77% ,湾外难降解DOC含量为 76.89μM ,占总DOC的 82 %。 相似文献
2.
本文比较了从北纬30?西太平洋至南纬30?东印度洋等热带海域与南大洋至东南极普里兹湾等南极海域的大气和表层海水N2O分压分布特征,表层海水pNO2饱和异常,分析引起异常差异性的主要影响因子。南极海域普里兹湾表层水中N2O分压（pN2O）平均为311.9 ± 7.6 nL/L (14.1 ± 0.4 nM),与大气中N2O混合比（318.5 nL/L）相比显略不饱和,融冰水的输入是导致不饱和的主要原因。海气N2O通量为-0.3 ± 0.8μmol m-2 d-1。而热带海域多数表层海水中N2O饱和度异常值都高于10%,在赤道海域发现最高值达54.7%,次高值为10°N的苏禄海为31%,计算出在赤道和苏禄海的海气通量分别为~12.4 μmol m-2 d-1和~4μmol m-2 d-1。表明高纬度的普里兹湾既不是大气中N2O源也不是汇,而低纬度热带海域表现为大气中N2O的源。造成热带与南极海域海洋N2O饱和度异常的影响因素,可能低纬度的热带海域由于海气间的气体交换较弱、上升流影响强,而高纬度的南极海域由于融冰分层和强偏西风影响;而海表面风速是影响N2O的海气交换N2O通量的重要因素。 相似文献
3.
依托2012 年第五次北极科学考察分析了夏季挪威-格陵兰海域营养盐和光合色素的分布情况, 探讨
水团输送对该海域营养盐分布及对该海域浮游植物群落结构分布的影响。结果显示挪威海和格陵兰海域调
查站位上层(200 m)水体中AT 断面的硝酸盐、磷酸盐及硅酸盐平均浓度分别为9.0(±5.0)、0.65(±0.29)和
1.8(±1.6) μmol·L–1, BB 断面的硝酸盐、磷酸盐及硅酸盐平均浓度分别为8.9(±3.8)、0.71(±0.22)和1.8(±
1.6) μmol·L–1。挪威海和格陵兰海域上层水体中硅酸盐相对于硝酸盐远远不足, 且呈显著硅限制, 该限制随
纬度的升高有所减轻, 表现为北冰洋入流水的硅酸盐输送。光合色素与温度和营养盐的关系表现为: 与温度
呈正相关, 与营养盐呈负相关。光合色素的分布结果表明, 挪威-格陵兰海域浮游植物群落表层以硅藻或硅
藻和定鞭金藻为主, 次表层(叶绿素最大层)则以硅藻为优势种, 并且硅藻更易聚集于混合层下方温跃层上
方, 定鞭金藻在表层水体低营养盐的条件下更具竞争力。此外, 由于受大西洋入流分支的影响, 浮游植物向挪
威-大西洋流流经区域聚集(温度更高且营养盐充分), 形成区域浮游植物分布差异。 相似文献
4.
测定了中国第2次北极科学考察期间(2003年7-9月)得到的白令海海域2个站位海水样品中溶解态及颗粒态234Th,238U和颗粒有机碳的含量。溶解态、颗粒态及总234Th的放射性在真光层中显著低于母体238U的放射性,总的234Th与238U在水深大于100m时趋于放射性平衡。BR03站位200m层位出现234Th的过量现象,可能是由于颗粒物再矿化造成的。利用234Th/238U在上层水体中的不平衡,估算了白令海上层水体真光层中234Th的平均停留时间和输出通量,并结合一维不可逆稳态模型估算出颗粒有机碳从真光层中的输出通量分别为11.66和11.69mmolC·m-2.d-1,大约分别占初级生产力的50%和59%,可能由于较大个体的浮游植物特别是硅藻的存在而造成。结果为进一步弄清白令海在全球碳循环中的作用提供了参考依据。 相似文献
5.
三江平原毛果苔草湿地CH4排放研究 总被引：9，自引：4，他引：5
用密闭不透明箱 -气相色谱法对三江平原毛果苔草湿地进行了近两年的观测研究 ,结果表明 :三江平原毛果苔草湿地全年甲烷排放通量有着明显的季节变化 ,在非冰冻期 (5～ 10月 )CH4通量范围在 4 .6 4～ 2 1.4 8mg·m-2 ·h-1之间 ,平均值为 11.15mg·m-2 ·h-1;冰冻期 (11月到次年 4月 )CH4通量范围在 0 .4 6～ 4 .30mg·m-2 ·h-1之间 ,平均值是 1.6 9mg·m-2 ·h-1。经估算 ,三江平原毛果苔草湿地全年CH4排放总量为 0 .2 32 4Tg/a-1。 相似文献
6.
198 9/1 990和 1 990 /1 991南极夏季期间 ,在南印度洋普里兹湾邻近海域进行了调查 ,对这一海域长臂樱磷虾 (Thysanoessa macrura G.O.Sars)成体和幼体的数量分布和生殖、发育特点进行了研究。长臂樱磷虾出现在整个测区。成体主要密集在南极辐散带 ,幼体几乎出现在每个测站。1月份 ,长臂樱磷虾幼体在磷虾幼体中数量最多 ,1 990年 1月平均为 744个 /1 0 0 0 m3 ,1 991年 1月平均为 1 1 5 5个 /1 0 0 0 m3 。幼体数量外海多 ,陆架、陆坡区少。成体与幼体数量的东西向分布与饵料深度呈正相关 ,测区中部的密度要高于测区东西两端。幼体发育有自北向南 ,随纬度升高 ,发育程度逐渐降低的趋势。1 990年幼体发育期组成 ,1月上旬为 C1 - F2 ,幼体平均发育期指数为 2 .78;2月下旬为 C2 - F5 ,平均发育期指数为 4.89;3月上旬为 C3 - F6 ;平均发育期指数为 5 .0 0。1 991年幼体发育组成 ,1月上旬为 C1 - F3 ,平均发育期指数为 3 .75 ;3月上旬为 F1 - F6 ,平均发育期指数为 8.70。原蚤状幼体和蚤状幼体的平均发育速度 ,1 989/1 990年为 1 3 - 1 9天 /期 ,1 990 /1 991年为 1 1天 /期。在调查海域 ,长臂樱磷虾约 1 0月上旬开始产卵 ,1月上旬产卵基本结束。1 991年 1月份成体及未成体的体长组成主要分布在 1 0 - 2 0毫 相似文献
7.
极端干旱区胡杨生长季水分利用效率变化特征研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在干旱区的极端环境,植物能否适应当地的极限环境条件,最主要的是看它们能否很好地协调碳同化和水分耗散之间的关系,也就是说植物水分利用效率是其生存的关键因子之一。 就生长季胡杨叶片稳定碳同位素组成(δ13C)、胡杨叶片水分利用效率及其影响因素进行了研究。结果表明,生长季胡杨叶片δ13C值在-28.16‰±0.23‰～-26.82‰±0.22‰间变化,平均值为-27.70‰±0.13‰。胡杨各月水分利用效率在84.81±2.23～(70.97±2.40)μmolCO2·mmol-1H2O间变化,平均值为(75.69±1.31)μmolCO2·mmol-1H2O;胡杨水分利用效率变化趋势是逐渐降低。最高值出现在5月,而后不断降低,7月达到最低值。造成这种变化的原因是叶片营养物亏缺导致的叶片光合速率的减小和气温升高、土壤含水量减小以及地下水埋深加深共同导致的气孔导度的变化。 相似文献
8.
利用中国第27次南极科学考察期间获得的颗粒物样品,对南大洋普里兹湾海域水体中颗粒态生物硅的含量及分布特征进行了初步研究,分析了该海域颗粒态生物硅与营养盐、浮游植物以及颗粒有机碳之间的关系,同时结合历史数据对比了颗粒态生物硅的年际变化情况。研究结果显示：在2011年夏季普里兹湾表层水体中颗粒态生物硅含量在0.76-19.72μmol/ dm3之间变化,平均为6.06±4.55μmol/ dm3。在表层水体中的分布趋势是67°S以南的湾内区域颗粒态生物硅含量明显高于67°S以北的湾外区域,最大值出现在普里兹湾陆架区。在垂向分布上,P3断面水体中颗粒态生物硅含量随深度增加而减少。根据不同年份即24,25,26,27次南极科学考察期间获取的数据对比分析显示,颗粒态生物硅含量虽存在一定的年际差异,但是在普里兹湾的分布趋势基本一致。颗粒态生物硅含量的变化特征与硅酸盐相反与叶绿素a、颗粒有机碳相似。 相似文献
9.
在中国第 1 8次南极科学考察期间 ( 2 0 0 2年 1月至 3月 )于南极普里兹湾进行了 3次铁加富培养浮游植物实验。共在三个站位 (St.Ⅰ 1 ,Ⅶ 1和Ⅶ 5 )的 2 0m水深处采水进行培养实验(分别标记为实验 1 ,2和 3)。三个站位水样的营养盐浓度都很高 (NO3 N 2 2- 2 9μM ,PO4 P1 1- 1 7μM ,SiO3 Si35- 60 μM ) ,而叶绿素a (Chla)浓度却变化很大 ,三个站位的浓度分别为 0 1 3- 0 1 7,0 2 0- 0 2 6和 2 35- 2 65 μg·L- 1 。St.Ⅰ 1和Ⅶ 1是典型的HNLC(high nu trient,low chlorophyllaconcentration ,高营养盐 ,低叶绿素a浓度 )海区特征。结果表明 ,在实验1和 2 ,添加铁大大促进了浮游植物的生长和营养盐的消耗。在实验 1中 ,添加 2 0 ,40和 80nM铁的培养瓶中的Chla浓度指数生长 ,在第 1 7d达到最高 ( 4 0- 43μg·L- 1 ) ,生长率为 0 .36- 0 .38d- 1 。添加 1 0nM铁的培养瓶中Chla浓度增长缓慢 ,在第 2 3d达到最高 ( 1 9.35 μg·L- 1 ) ,生长率为 0 .2 7d- 1 。在对照瓶和添加 5nM铁的培养瓶中 ,Chla浓度的生长率分别为 0 .1 3和0 .1 6d- 1 。在实验 2中 ,对照瓶和添加 1 0和 40nM铁的培养瓶中的Chla浓度的生长率分别为0 .1 3,0 .32和 0 .40d- 1 。在实验 3,对照瓶和添加铁的培养瓶中 相似文献
10.
2006年8-10月南极威德尔海冬季海冰考察,对海冰生物地球化学特征,包括叶绿素a、POC、C/N等的含量与垂直分布及其生态意义进行分析研究。结果表明,海冰叶绿素a含量普遍较高,平均总量233.8μg·l-1,范围14.7-1519.2μg·l-1,其中有57%以上的冰芯平均总量超过100μg·l-1。冰芯叶绿素a平均值为16.6μg·l-1,范围2.1-84.4μg·l-1,高出威德尔海区初冬海冰叶绿素a平均值的2.2倍,高出深冬时的7.5倍。海冰不同层次叶绿素垂直分布不均匀,底部有色层多位高值区。本文海冰R值83%,表明冬季冰藻具有较强活性,并处于初春旺发前期的活跃状态,不仅有利于暖季大量冰藻释放促成海域浮游植物水华与初级生产的迅速增长,并为浮游动物幼体的生长发育提供丰富饵料,确保海域生态系统的修复和可持续发展。 相似文献
11.
Inputs of dissolved and particulate 226Ra to lakes and implications for 210Pb dating recent sediments 总被引：8，自引：6，他引：2
Gamma spectroscopy was used to measure radioisotope (210Pb, 226Ra, 137Cs) activities in sediment cores from 20 lakes and a wetland in Florida, USA. Nine profiles display relatively low (<5 dpm g–1) and constant 226Ra activities, whereas 12 show high (>5 dpm g–1) and variable 226Ra activities. In the latter group, most display up-core increases in activity. Upper sediments from two lakes (Round and Rowell) possess very high (>20 dpm g–1) 226Ra activities that exceed total 210Pb activities, clearly illustrating disequlibrium between 226Ra and supported 210Pb. Supported 210Pb activity is generally thought to come from in situ, 226Ra-containing detrital mineral particles, and is typically assumed to be in secular equilibrium with 226Ra activity. Since 1966, Round Lake has been augmented hydrologically with 226Ra-rich (6.2 dpm L–1) groundwater pumped from the local deep aquifer. Adsorption of dissolved 226Ra to recent Round Lake sediments probably accounts for the high measured 226Ra activities and the pronounced disequilibrium between 226Ra and supported 210Pb in topmost deposits. We suspect that many Florida waterbodies receive some 226Ra-rich runoff and seepage from groundwater pumped for irrigation, residential use, industrial applications, and mining. This may account for up-core increases in 226Ra activity measured in sediment cores from some Florida lakes. Significant groundwater pumping began within the last century, and there has been insufficient time for supported 210Pb to come into equilibrium with adsorbed 226Ra in uppermost deposits. Input of 226Ra-rich groundwater to lakes may occur in any geographic region where local bedrock contains 238U and its daughters. When dissolved 226Ra adsorbs to recent sediments, it complicates accurate estimation of supported 210Pb activity, and confounds calculation of unsupported 210Pb activity that is used in dating models. 相似文献
12.
Claire L. Schelske Arthur Peplow Mark Brenner Craig N. Spencer 《Journal of Paleolimnology》1994,10(2):115-128
Sediment cores from three lakes were dated with210Pb using a constant rate of supply (CRS) model. We used low-background gamma counting to measure naturally occurring levels of210Pb,226Ra, and137Cs in sediment samples because sample preparation is simple and non-destructive,226Ra activity provides a direct measure of supported210Pb activity for each sample analyzed, and137Cs activity may provide an independent age marker for the 1962–1963 peak in atmospheric fallout of this radionuclide. In one core supported210Pb activity was estimated equally well from226Ra activity of each sampling interval or from the mean total210Pb activity of constant activity samples at depth. Supported210Pb activity was constant with depth in this core. In a short freeze core, determining226Ra activity of every sample proved advantageous in estimating supported210Pb activity because supported210Pb activity could be estimated from210Pb measurements only at the deepest sampling interval. Supported210Pb activity estimated from226Ra activity also yielded more precise estimates of highly variable sedimentation rates. In the third core226Ra activity exceeded210Pb activity at the top of the core and varied 20 fold with depth. This high input of226Ra in disequilibrium with210Pb is attributed to recent erosion of radium-bearing materials in the drainage basin. These data invalidate the assumption that supported210Pb activity is constant in sediment cores and can be estimated from the mean total210Pb activity at depths where210Pb activity is constant. We recommend using gamma counting or another independent assay of226Ra to validate the assumption of constant supported210Pb activity in sediment cores if there is reason to expect that226Ra activity varies with depth.This is the fourth of a series of papers to be published by this journal following the 20
th
anniversary of the first application of210Pb dating of lake sediments. Dr. P.G. Appleby is guest editing this series. 相似文献
13.
Slavomír Nehyba Daniel Nývlt Uwe Schkade Gerald Kirchner Eva Franců 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2011,45(1):41-55
Facies analysis, magnetic susceptibility, and analysis of grain size, TOC content and isotopes (137Cs, 210Pb, 226Ra, 228Ra, and 238U concentrations) were used to determine the history of the modern deposits of the Brno reservoir. The sedimentary succession
can be subdivided into two main units. The lower unit is formed predominantly by medium- to coarse-grained silty sands and
is interpreted as a fluvial succession deposited before the Svratka River was dammed. The upper unit consists of brownish
planar laminated silts and rarely of clayey or sandy silts and is interpreted as a product of the reservoir deposition. The
concentrations of 238U reflect the history of uranium mining in the upper part of the Svratka River catchment. As a consequence, 210Pb radionuclide concentrations cannot be used for establishing a sediment chronology. Concentrations of 137Cs show two marked peaks, the upper of which is attributed to the Chernobyl reactor accident in 1986, and the lower one is
attributed to the maximum rate of atomic weapons testing in 1963. From these peaks, mean depositional rates of 3.2 cm year−1 for the time period of 1986–2007 and of 3.4 cm year−1 between 1963 and 1986 are calculated. Based on the known age of the reservoir, which was constructed in 1939, we can also
calculate mean depositional rate for the time period of 1939–1963, which is 3.1 cm year−1. 相似文献
14.
Mark Brenner Thomas J. Whitmore Melanie A. Riedinger-Whitmore Brandy DeArmond Douglas A. Leeper William F. Kenney Jason H. Curtis Byron Shumate 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2006,36(4):371-383
We studied sediment cores from four Florida (USA) lakes that have received groundwater hydrologic supplements (augmentation) for >30 years to maintain lake stage. Top samples (0–4 cm) from sediment cores taken in Lakes Charles, Saddleback, Little Hobbs, and Crystal had 226Ra activities of 44.9, 17.5, 7.6, and 8.5 dpm g−1, respectively, about an order of magnitude greater than values in deeper, older deposits. The surface sample from Lake Charles yielded the highest 226Ra activity yet reported from a Florida lake core. Several lines of evidence suggest that groundwater augmentation is responsible for the high 226Ra activities in recent sediments: (1) 226Ra activity in cores increased recently, (2) the Charles, Crystal, and Saddleback cores display 226Ra/210Pb disequilibrium at several shallow depths, suggesting 226Ra entered the lakes in dissolved form, (3) cores show recent increases in Ca, which, like 226Ra, is abundant in augmentation groundwater, and (4) greater Sr concentrations are associated with higher 226Ra activities in recent Charles and Saddleback sediments. Sr concentrations in Eocene limestones of the deep Floridan Aquifer are high relative to Sr concentrations in surficial quartz sands around the lakes. Historical water quality inferences for the lakes were based on diatom assemblages in sediments. Recent alkalization in Lakes Charles, Saddleback, Little Hobbs, and Crystal was inferred from weighted-averaging calibration (WACALIB). The lakes also show recent trophic state increases based on WACALIB-derived estimates for limnetic total P. Although residential and agricultural sources might contribute to increased P loading, P in augmentation waters probably has had significant influence on eutrophication. Dystrophic diatoms were abundant in the early history of Lakes Saddleback, Little Hobbs, and Crystal, which suggests that these lakes contained more tannic waters during the past than at present, perhaps as a consequence of greater inflows from surrounding wetlands. Ionic content of lake waters increased, as indicated by diatom autecological analysis. Recent geochemical and biological changes detected in cores from these lakes probably are a result of deliberate groundwater augmentation, although inputs of groundwater pumped for agricultural and residential development in the watersheds also might have contributed to limnological changes. 相似文献
15.
Potential seasonal variation in the U-series radioisotopic signatures of lake and input waters was investigated in Hawes Water, north-west England, and the sedimentary record was examined to establish whether any observed seasonality is preserved in the sediment U and Th radioisotopic activity ratios. U-series disequilibrium in the waters is indicative of both surface and shallow sub-surface origins for the dissolved U, and that this supply is influenced by changes in the prevailing hydrological regime. However, the lake is buffered from this seasonality in that the 234U/238U activity ratio remains constant during the year, and the U content undergoes only a marginal decrease during summer. The change in the mechanism of lake sedimentation from allochthonous organic input during winter to autochthonous carbonate formation during summer has a more significant influence on the U-series radioisotopic characteristics of sedimentary record in that the proportion of organic and carbonate material both exhibit a strong control on the234U/238U activity ratio and U content. In addition, significant proportions of sediment U and Th are associated with ferromanganese oxyhydroxides. Given this seasonality, it is of some significance that the 234U/238U activity ratios of the bottom sediments preserve a reasonable record of lake U-series disequilibrium and are, therefore, potential indicators of long-term changes in catchment hydrology. 相似文献
16.
We have measured the distribution coefficient (Kd) of210Po and210Pb in laboratory systems and in natural freshwater systems. In the laboratory systems, an inverse relationship was observed between the particle concentration of sand or lake sediment, and the distribution coefficients of210Po and210Pb. The slope of the log-linearK
d
vs particle concentration relation is consistent with existingK
d-particle concentration theories. These laboratory observations are consistent with similar measurements in two lakes. TheK
d values of Po and Pb for the bottom sediment-pore water system with a high particle concentration were 10 to 100 times lower than those for dilute concentrations of particles suspended in the lake water. TheK
d of210Pb in the sediments was >104 so that the diffusive transport of210Pb has only a small influence on the interpretation of210Pb concentration-depth profiles and the210Pb dating of these sediments.This is the second of a series of papers to be published by this journal following the 20th anniversary of the first application of210Pb dating of lake sediments. Dr P. G. Appleby is guest editing. 相似文献
17.
大气CO2浓度升高和施氮对棉田土壤理化性质及微生物区系的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
针对耕地非农转化过程中产生的一系列社会问题,采用参与性农户调查方法,对西部欠发达地区西宁市郊区5个样本村190户农户进行了随机入户调查。根据城市开发进程、到市区距离和种植类型等条件,将调查样本村分为近郊城区化农村、近郊农村和远郊农村,就农户对耕地非农转换的基本认知及耕地非农转换的经济、社会和环境价值感知进行分析。结果表明:耕地征用后农户能理性感知和判别耕地非农转换价值,并普遍认为失去耕地后生活费用增加、生活保障降低、收入来源和就业机会少;感知主要受耕地数量、区位条件、耕地开发阶段等因素的影响;处于不同区位条件的农户对耕地非农转换的价值感知存在差异性,城区化农户已逐渐适应城市生活,近郊农户的非农转换经济和社会感知压力最大,远郊农民也感知经济和生活保障压力,但更希望能通过打工增加收入。 相似文献
18.
本文利用中国第25次南极科学考察数据,运用数学模型对南极普里兹湾有机碳与无机碳的分解比及上层水体POC的再矿化效率进行了估算。结果表明:普里兹湾及其邻近海域POC的浓度范围为24.38~446.40μg?dm-3,平均值为118.16μg?dm-3。在普里兹湾P2断面陆架区,上层水体中的有机碳和无机碳向下层水体输出埋藏过程中,两者分解速率比为1.27（摩尔比）,根据相关结果我们推测上层水体中的颗粒有机碳向底层输出埋藏的过程中有81%发生了转化重新参与海洋碳循环。 相似文献
19.
海水中的颗粒有机碳(POC)与生物的生命过程、初级生产力关系密切,是海洋食物链中重要的物质基础和能量来源,因此POC的分布特征可以有效反映其生物地球化学环境。利用中国第33次南极考察期间(2016年12月至2017年1月)在南极半岛邻近海域采集的海水颗粒物样品,研究POC的空间分布特征及其影响因素。结果表明,斯科舍海0—200 m的POC浓度范围为7.44—193.52μg·L~(-1),平均浓度为(48.84±35.09)μg·L~(-1);南斯科舍海岭0—200 m的POC浓度范围为9.13—62.17μg·L~(-1),平均浓度为(29.76±14.12)μg·L~(-1);鲍威尔海盆0—200 m的POC浓度范围为5.87—270.72μg·L~(-1),平均浓度为(48.57±38.92)μg·L~(-1)。表层POC高值出现在斯科舍海区和鲍威尔海盆区,而低值出现在海岭区,与叶绿素a(Chla)的变化趋势一致,与营养盐的变化趋势相反。垂向分布上,各个区域POC平均浓度随深度的增加而减少,鲍威尔海盆和斯科舍海POC最高值都出现在25 m层。分析结果表明光合浮游植物是研究海域POC的主要来源, POC的主要影响因素为温度、水团混合以及海冰环境。斯科舍海与鲍威尔海盆整体非生命POC占比高,可能是由于高磷虾生物量、海冰碎屑以及陆源输入的干扰;南斯科舍海岭整体非生命POC占比低。 相似文献