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1.
宫井洋大黄鱼遗传多样性的RAPD分析 总被引：34，自引：3，他引：34
采用随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)技术对取自宁德官井洋闽—粤东族大黄鱼的野生种群和养殖群体进行遗传多样性分析.结果表明,野生种群的平均多态性为18.9%,平均遗传差异度为0.0960;养殖群体的分别为16.7%和0.0747;野生种群与养殖群体之间的相似系数为0.9959,遗传距离为0.0041.分析结果表明官井洋大黄鱼野生种群和养殖群体遗传多样性水平较低的主要原因在于过度捕捞、有效繁育群体数量偏少及值得探讨的人工放流等.提出官井洋大黄鱼仍具有一定的变异潜力,尽快采取有效的管理保护措施,可以保持乃至提高大黄鱼现有的遗传多样性水平. 相似文献
2.
紫红笛鲷遗传多样性的AFLP分析 总被引：21，自引：1，他引：21
针对广东、海南省4个不同地方(阳江、湛江、榆林、琼海)网箱养殖的紫红笛鲷(Lutjanus argentimaculatus)群体和在三亚采集的野生紫红笛鲷群体,利用AFLP分子标记技术分析我国南方养殖的紫红笛鲷的遗传多态性。最适合的AFLP引物组合是E AGC／M CAA,扩增出的AFLP特征位点为107,养殖样品扩增出的AFLP的带数在5474之间,野生样品扩增出的AFLP的带数为63,4个养殖点紫红笛鲷的多态性标记百分率都超过了40．00％,呈现一定程度的遗传多样性。总的来讲,4个养殖地的紫红笛鲷群体之间的遗传距离差异较小,但与野生群体的遗传距离相对较大,UPGMA聚类分析明显将养殖群体与野生群体分开,表明紫红笛鲷养殖群体已经与野生群体存在一定程度的遗传隔阂。 相似文献
3.
4.
《海洋湖沼通报》2020,(1)
目前半滑舌鳎的人工繁育中普遍存在近亲繁殖现象,种质资源和优良性状无法保障,关于半滑舌鳎野生群体和养殖群体的群体结构、混杂程度、遗传多样性分析等研究工作近10a内没有持续跟进,随着大量的半滑舌鳎人工繁育苗种增殖放流入海,野生和养殖种群的混杂程度有待评估。本研究对半滑舌鳎3个海捕野生群体和3个养殖群体进行遗传多样性分析和种质资源状况研究,通过GBS技术对87个半滑舌鳎样本进行测序,产生的高质量序列数据量为55.12Gb,共获563109个高质量的SNP位点用于遗传多样性分析。通过SNP分析遗传多样性发现,野生群体的遗传多样性略高于养殖群体,个别养殖群体高于野生群体,说明近年来增殖放流对野生群体的遗传多样性有所影响,遗传距离最远的是天津野生群体和河北养殖群体。在种群分化方面, 6个群体间不存在明显分化,尚未形成明显的地理隔离,不过聚类分析还是可以把野生群体和养殖群体分成两个亚群。本研究发现了一些高分化位点,计划通过设计引物扩增该段序列找出能够区分野生和养殖群体的候选标记。 相似文献
5.
“黄海1号”中国对虾不同世代间的AFLP分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用AFLP技术对中国对虾野生群体和第9、10代选育群体的遗传多样性及遗传分化进行分析,计算了3个群体间的遗传多态度、遗传距离及分化系数.结果显示,5对引物共产生了137条带,其中多态性条带有63条,平均每对引物检测到 12.6条多态性条带.3个群体的多态位点比例分别为45.99%、40.57%和41.02%;Shannon 多样性指数分别为0.181 8,0.180 7和0.177 4;野生群体与选育群体之间的遗传距离及分化都比较大,但选育群体之间的遗传距离和分化都很小分别为0.003 1和0.020 6.结果表明,选育群体相较于野生群体多态位点比例和遗传多态度均有所下降,随着选育时间的延长,相邻世代群体间遗传距离和分化也均有所下降,出现趋同现象,显示出"黄海1号"新品种具有遗传上的稳定性. 相似文献
6.
长江、黄河和辽河水系中华绒螯蟹野生和养殖群体遗传变异的微卫星分析 总被引：15，自引：1，他引：14
我国中华绒螯蟹(以下简称河蟹)养殖主要集中在长江、黄河和辽河流域,经过多年的人工养殖、跨流域引种和增殖放流等活动可能会对其遗传特性造成一定的影响,因此本研究利用29个微卫星标记对3个水系的野生和养殖群体进行了遗传特征分析。结果表明:(1)6个群体均表现出较高的遗传杂合度水平(Ho=0.702—0.744),香农信息指数(I)显示6群体的遗传多样性水平依次为:长江野生长江养殖黄河野生辽河养殖黄河养殖辽河野生。(2)分子方差分析(AMOVA)结果显示,来源于种群内个体间和个体内部的变异分别为14.02%和85.88%,群体间的遗传分化处于较低水平(FST0.05);(3)瓶颈效应和遗传结构分析显示,所有群体近期均经历过有效种群的降低,且6种群内个体的遗传组成混杂。综上所述,三水系野生和养殖群体均具有较高的遗传多样性,长江和黄河野生群体的遗传多样性略高于养殖群体;三水系河蟹野生群体的遗传分化与地理距离具有一定的相关性,长江养殖群体、黄河野生及养殖群体间的遗传分化较小可能与其跨流域引种及养殖群体逃逸造成其种质混杂有关。 相似文献
7.
2008年夏季,从海南三亚分别采集26份养殖牡蛎和32份野生牡蛎样品(1份样品代表1个体),开展扩增片断长度多态性(AFLP)和数量性状分析,采用POPGENE 32软件计算多态性位点百分率、遗传多样性指数、Hardy-Weinberg遗传偏离指数、群体遗传相似度和遗传距离。基于AFLP分析获得的遗传距离和线粒体细胞色素氧化酶I亚基(CO I)基因序列,采用邻接法构建养殖和野生牡蛎的系统发育树。结果表明,选择性引物对牡蛎品种具有较好的鉴别效率;相比养殖牡蛎,野生牡蛎多样性丰富、品种间同源性较低、亲缘关系相差较远、遗传基础较宽;通过CO I基因序列分析可知,养殖牡蛎均为香港巨牡蛎Crassostrea hongkongensis,而野生牡蛎属于囊牡蛎属Saccostrea,主要为僧帽牡蛎Saccostrea cucullata。目前海南三亚牡蛎种质资源多样性相对丰富,引种还未对三亚自然环境的牡蛎资源造成明显影响。 相似文献
8.
利用AFLP技术对舟山近海条石鲷(Oplegnathus fasciatus)野生和放流群体的遗传多样性进行比较分析,旨在为条石鲷的人工增殖及其种质资源的保护和利用提供遗传学的基础资料.采用8对引物组合在2个群体中共扩增得到位点316个,多态性位点为162个,多态性比例为51.67％.野生群体和放流群体的多态性位点比例(P),Nei's基因多样性指数(H)和Shannon's多样性指数(I)分别为46.75％和44.67％,0.097和0.089,0.16和0.15.野生群体的遗传多样性水平略高于放流群体,但差异并不显著(P＞0.05).两群体间的遗传相似系数(S)和遗传距离(D)分别为0.99和0.0073;基因分化系数(Gst)为0.036,群体间无显著遗传分化(P＞0.05).分子方差(AMOVA)分析表明96.82％的遗传变异来源于群体内的个体间,群体间无显著的遗传差异(P＞0.05).以上研究结果表明条石鲷的放流群体与野生群体间无明显的遗传分化,放流群体的遗传多样性水平尚处于一个合理状态.但为了避免放流群体对野生群体产生负面的遗传效应,应当增加放流群体繁育亲本的数量,并对放流群体的遗传变异水平进行持续监测. 相似文献
9.
皱纹盘鲍野生与养殖群体微卫星标记遗传变异研究 总被引：9，自引：3，他引：6
采用7个微卫星标记对辽宁大连、山东烟台、荣城、崂山和胶南5个皱纹盘鲍养殖群体,以及山东长岛、荣城、日本岩手、韩国仁川4个皱纹盘鲍野生群体进行了群体遗传多样性与遗传分化的研究.结果表明,从等位基因数与杂合度上分析,养殖群体(N=8.0～9.4,He=0.754～0.787)遗传多样性显著低于野生群体(N=11.3～15.0,He=0.821～0.866);等位基因频率分布揭示出野生群体中一些稀有等位基因在养殖群体中有所丢失;亲鲍选用数量少与性别比例不均衡可能是产生养殖群体中遗传多样性显著减少的原因.通过对等位基因频率比较分析,5个养殖群体之间以及养殖群体与野生群体之间观察到显著差异的Fst与Rst值,野生群体之间日本群体Fst与Rst值与其他3个野生群体差异显著,群体间存在遗传分化;养殖群体间遗传距离与地理距离不相关,可能是皱纹盘鲍育苗过程中亲鲍和苗种频繁交流所造成的结果;日本群体与其他3个野生群体间存在显著遗传分化与皱纹盘鲍短暂的浮游期与有限的扩散能力有关. 相似文献
10.
许氏平鲉(Sebastes schlegeli)微卫星标记开发及野生、养殖群体遗传多样性分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
对许氏平鲉进行简化基因组测序,设计微卫星引物200对,可稳定扩增的引物190对,占95%。利用一个荣成野生群体对24个多态性较高的微卫星标记进行了评价,每个位点的等位基因数(Na)为2—21个,观测杂合度(Ho)为0.0417—0.9167,期望杂合度(He)为0.0278—0.9722,多态信息含量(PIC)为0.1948—0.9496,结果显示有20个微卫星位点为中高度多态。利用这些引物对荣成野生群体和烟台养殖群体的遗传多样性进行了比较分析,野生和养殖群体的平均等位基因数(Na)分别为8.5000、6.9583,有效等位基因数(Ne)的均值分别为4.5484、3.6365,期望杂合度(He)均值分别为0.6421、0.5840,多态信息含量均值(PIC)分别为0.6088、0.5490,平均香农-威纳指数均值为1.4605、1.2834,但F检验发现无显著差异,发现两个群体的遗传多样性都处于高度多态水平,但养殖群体遗传多样性水平低于野生群体。本研究结果说明许氏平鲉的人工繁育中,通过使用较大数量的亲本进行繁育可有效防止选育群体的遗传多样性降低,但人工定向选育对选育群体的遗传多样性也产生了一定的影响。Bonferroni校正后在两个群体中各有4个位点偏离Hardy-Weinberg平衡。本研究开发的微卫星标记为许氏平鲉遗传图谱构建、分子标记辅助育种等提供了更多标记选择,对野生和养殖群体遗传多样性分析为下一步的遗传育种提供参考。 相似文献
11.
The analysis of the structure of the cryolithozone, facies, and thicknesses of the Quaternary sediments and the results of the physicochemical mathematical modeling of the modern shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea support the influence of the Late Pleistocene glaciations on the heat conditions and the distribution of the permafrost in the area. A ～200-m thick glacier formed under aerial conditions from atmospheric precipitation represented the metamorphosed snow cover. According to the modeling, the long-living (from 60?50 to 10?4 ky) glacier reduced the thickness of the permafrost rocks in the reviewed shelf area for 280–360 m. The Holocene marine transgression additionally decreased the thickness from 50–140 m on the inner shelf to 220–350 m on the outer shelf. The modern submarine cryolithozone 450-0 m thick is wide-spread in the studied region from the coast to the shelf boundary (isobaths of 130–140 m), where it pinches out at a distance of ～380 km from the coast at a depth of ～250 m above the sea level. 相似文献
12.
We analyze the components of the carbon system of the Sevastopol bay waters and the balance of main sediment-forming substances
using the data of field investigations in 1998–2008. The interannual variations of total inorganic carbon and the equilibrium
partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the bay water are noted. An increase in the flux of carbon dioxide into the bay and
in the content of organic carbon in bottom sediments is revealed, and an explanation of this phenomenon is given. The priority
accumulation of organic carbon in the sediments of the bay is established. We assess the interannual variation in the relative
abundances of organic and inorganic carbon as an index of the carbon cycle stability. 相似文献
13.
We generalize and analyze the state of investigations of the influence of river waters on the hydrologic structure of the
Black Sea. Specific features of the water, regime and hydrography of rivers flowing into the sea, data on the discharge of
rivers, and intrayear and interyear variability of the discharge are presented. We discuss and analyze works studying the
transformation of river waters, routes of desalinized sea waters, and their influence on the thermohaline structure and dynamic
regime of the sea.
Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev 相似文献
14.
V. A. Ivanov S. P. Lyubartseva N. Mikhailova N. B. Shapiro 《Physical Oceanography》2001,11(6):509-524
We analyze the results of numerical calculations performed according to the three-dimensional interdisciplinary model of an
ecological system of the Black-Sea shelf zone near the estuary of the Danube. The complete system of equations of hydrothermodynamics
is solved together with transport equations of the advection-diffusion-reaction type used to describe the transformation of
a substance (nitrogen) between the components of the characteristic vectors of the ecosystem: plankton, detritus, and biogenic
elements (nitrates). We describe the distinctive features of the circumcontinental distribution of components obtained as
a result of numerical experiments and present arguments for the conclusion that the ecosystem of the Danube estuary water
area plays the role of a buffer zone between the press of the Danubian biogenic pollutions and the neighbouring areas of the
shelf zone and open sea.
Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev 相似文献
15.
Relationship between the path of the Kuroshio in the south of Japan and the path of the Kuroshio Extension in the east 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
A relationship between paths of the Kuroshio and Kuroshio Extension (KE) is investigated, using the satellite-derived altimetry
dataset of 1993–2008. When the Kuroshio takes the nearshore nonlarge meander path or typical large meander path and resultantly
goes through the deeper channel (about 2500 m) of the Izu-Ogasawara Ridge, the KE path adopts a relatively stable state with
the two quasi-stationary meanders. On the other hand, when the Kuroshio takes the offshore nonlarge meander path and then
passes over the shallower part of the Ridge (about 1000 m), the KE path tends to be convoluted, i.e., an unstable state. 相似文献
16.
Ten years of semistationary studies of the interaction of the ice cover and the coastal relief of the Kandalakhsa Gulf in the White Sea allowed us to reveal the peculiarities of these processes in the warm and cold years and the mechanisms of the origination of ice forms, including ice tents, which govern the character of the tidal flats. Three dynamic fast ice zones are distinguished by their geomorphological location, morphology, and ice dynamics. The dependence of the mechanisms and volumes of the enrichment of the fast ice in the sediments on the coastal zone??s relief was established. At the coast of the Kindo Peninsula (Velikaya Salma Strait), the ice mostly contains fine-sandy sediments. Coarser sediments, including boulders, are occasional and frozen into the ice at the contact of the fast ice and the bottom. At the expense of the ice??s spreading by 4?C6 times in the warm years and 2?C4 times in the cold years, several thousand tons of sediments mostly from the tidal flat??s surface (100?C700 m3 from 1 km of coast in the wide tidal flats and <50 m3 on the steep coasts) are delivered to the water area. 相似文献
17.
The methodology and the first results of the computations of the volumes, masses, and growth rates of the sedimentary body of the buried Black Sea basin are presented. Their temporal evolution reflects the regional paleogeodynamics, in particular, the reorientation of the vector of the relative movement of the Arabian and Eurasian lithospheric plates and the related intensification of their collision in the late Miocene-Pliocene. 相似文献
18.
E. L. Vinogradova 《Oceanology》2008,48(4):483-492
The spatiotemporal variability of the hydrochemical composition of the riverine runoff in nearmouth areas is presented using the example of selected rivers of the Arctic Basin. The temporal dynamics of the riverine nutrient runoff are mainly determined by the seasonal and interseasonal variations in the drainage basins. The spatial variations in the chemical composition of riverine waters in the near-mouth areas are mainly caused by the dynamics of the water flow and the river bed relief and, to a lesser degree, by biochemical processes. It is shown that the variations in the nutrient composition of the waters in near-mouth areas are comparable in magnitude to those at the river-sea geochemical barriers. 相似文献
19.
Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - Analysis of the temporal variations of the virtual heights of the sporadic E layer (h?ES) determined from ionograms with increased accuracy (1... 相似文献
20.
I. E. Timchenko A. A. Primalenny V. D. Yarin E. F. Vasechkina E. M. Igumnova 《Physical Oceanography》2001,11(4):367-378
We use many-year archival observations of hydrologic and hydrobiologic state of the Sea of Azov for the identification of
the structure of a model of its ecosystem. The ecosystem model, supplemented with expert estimates of bioresource consumption
(fish reserve), contamination level, and possible ecologic fines for violation of the sea natural state, is formalized by
the method of system dynamics. Hereat, the major part of influence functions is found in terms of observational data with
application of self-organization algorithms. We also present the results of simulated experiments with the model of the ecosystem,
which enable us to analyse scenarios of its behaviour under the influence of various external factors (wind, river discharge,
water exchange with the Black Sea, etc.).
Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev 相似文献