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1.
华北石炭、二叠系高分辨层序地层分析 总被引：29，自引：0，他引：29
通过以露头、测井曲线和岩芯观察为基础的高分辨层序地层分析,认为华北石炭、二叠系为1个大层序,时限约为310～250Ma。以早二叠世紫松期与隆林期之交的285Ma的区域性不整合面为界,分为Ms1、Ms2两个中层序。Ms1穿过了石炭、二叠系的年代地层界线（295Ma）。含煤的本溪、太原、山西组（308～275Ma）分为6个层序组（Ss1－6）,包括19个层序（CSq17,PSq1-12）。通过区域性层序地层单位的对比,在生物年代地层格架的基础上,建立了更精细的等时地层格架。晚石炭世沉积仅分布在华北中部及北部,南华北缺失CSq1-7,豫西还缺失PSq1-3。层序之间的不整合面、岩石地层单位和主要煤层在大区域内都是穿时的。晚石炭世海水自东向西侵入华北北部,向西和向南超覆;紫松或海水自晋西南和苏皖北部向北入侵,为华北晚古生代的最大海侵;隆林晚期海侵较隆林早期海侵略大。太原组的主煤层在山西自南向北形成于紫松早期海平面缓慢上升过程中,内蒙古南部山西组的巨厚煤层形成于最大海侵时期,山西省山西组的主煤层自北向南形成于隆林早期,晋东南至南华北山西组的主煤层形成于栖霞早期。通过三交、柳林矿区煤相分析表明海侵体系域底部的煤层比高位体系域的煤层更富生烃潜力,是一种新的成煤模式,也是煤层气找矿勘探应该 相似文献
2.
晋东南沁水盆地是目前我国进行煤层气勘探开发的主要地区之一，煤层气储层主要分布在石炭系和二叠系，其厚度明显受沉积古地理控制。本文通过对露头及钻井剖面的岩石学和沉积相研究,对该区主要含煤岩系-山西组和太原组进行了岩相古地理和煤储层聚集控制因素分析。太原组以石灰岩、铝土质泥岩、粉砂岩、粉砂质泥岩及砂岩为主，厚度44.90～193.48 m，含多层可采煤层，总厚度0～16.89 m，平均7.19 m。在太原组沉积期，研究区北部发育下三角洲平原相，煤层相对较厚，中部和南部为泻湖相，煤层相对较薄，东南角主要为滨外碳酸盐陆棚相，在晋城一带障壁砂坝相分布区，煤层亦较厚；山西组以砂岩、粉砂岩、泥岩为主，石灰岩仅在局部地区见到，该组厚18.60～213.25 m，含可采煤层1～2层，总厚度0～10.0 m，平均4.20 m，在山西组沉积期，北部以下三角洲平原分流河道相为主，中部和南部以分流间湾相为主，东南部则以河口砂坝相为主，厚煤带都位于中部和南部的三角洲分流间湾地区。总之，太原组富煤地带多与砂岩富集带相吻合，位于北部下三角洲平原和南部障壁砂坝地区，而山西组厚煤带大都位于南部三角洲分流间湾地区。 相似文献
3.
Shao Longyi Xiao Zhenghui Lu Jing He Zhiping Wang Hao Zhang Pengfei 《Frontiers of Earth Science》2007,1(1):106-115
The Qinshui basin in southeastern Shanxi Province is an important base for coalbed methane exploration and production in China.
The methane reservoirs in this basin are the Carboniferous and Permian coals. Their thickness is strongly controlled by the
depositional environments and the paleogeography. In this paper, sedimentological research was undertaken on the outcrop and
borehole sections of the Taiyuan and Shanxi formations in the Qinshui basin and the basin-wide lithofacies paleogeography
maps for these two formations have been reconstructed. The Taiyuan Formation is composed of limestones, aluminous mudstones,
siltstones, silty mudstones, sandstones, and mineable coal seams, with a total thickness varying from 44.9 m to 193.48 m.
The coal seams have a thickness ranging between 0.10 and 16.89 m, averaging 7.19 m. During the deposition of the Taiyuan Formation,
the northern part of the basin was dominated by a lower deltaic depositional system, the central and southern parts were dominated
by a lagoon environment, and the southeastern corner was occupied by a carbonate platform setting. Coal is relatively thick
in the northern part and the southeastern corner. The Shanxi Formation consists of sandstones, siltstones, mudstones, and
coals, with the limestones being locally developed. The thickness of the Shanxi Formation is from 18.6 m to 213.25 m, with
the thickness of coal seams from 0.10 to 10 m and averaging 4.2 m. During the deposition of the Shanxi Formation, the northern
part of the Qinshui basin was mainly dominated by a lower deltaic plain distributary channel environment, the central and
southern parts were mainly an interdistributary bay environment, and the southeastern part was occupied by a delta front mouth
bar environment. The thick coals are distributed in the central and southern parts where an interdistributary bay dominates.
It is evident that the thick coal zones of the Taiyuan Formation are consistent with the sandstone-rich belts, mainly located
in the areas of the northern lower deltaic plain and southeastern barrier bar environments, whereas the thick coal zones of
the Shanxi Formation coincide with the mudstone-rich belts, located in the areas of the central and southern interdistributary
bay environments.
Translated from Journal of Palaeogeography, 2006, 8(1): 43–52 [译自: 古地理学报] 相似文献
4.
贺兰山北段石炭纪和二叠纪植物群 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
贺兰山北段石炭纪和二叠纪植物化石经鉴定,计有39属104种。讨论了植物群的性质,划分了5个组合,即(1)晚石炭世早期Bothrodendroncirculare—Mesocalamitescistiformis组合;(2)晚石炭世中期Lepidodendronsubrhombicum—Conchophyllumrichthofenii组合;(3)晚石炭世晚期Lepidodendronszeianum—Neuropterisovata组合;(4)早二叠世早期Lepido dendronposthumii—Callipteridiumkoraiense组合和(5)早二叠世晚期Caulopteriswudaensis—Paratingiadatongensis组合。这5个组合的代表岩组分别为红土洼组、羊虎沟组、太原组下部、太原组中上部和山西组。其地质时代大致相当于纳缪尔B—C期、维斯发期、斯蒂芬期、阿赛尔期、萨克马尔期和阿丁斯克期。植物群含有大量的华夏型分子,为典型的华夏植物群。此外还讨论了植物群的演化。 相似文献
5.
近年来的研究资料证明,在Misellina claudiae带之下马平组灰岩(船山组)上部,产二叠纪的(竹蜓)类、珊瑚和腕足类,其时代相当于阿舍利阶(Asselian)上部至萨克马尔阶(Sakmarian)和阿丁斯克阶(Artinaskian)的一部分。湖南嘉禾袁家剖面,船山组灰岩上部盛产该期代表分子Mccloudia,许寿永等称Mccioudia带,并以该带的底,视作石炭一二叠系的分界。据此,笔者将嘉禾袁家剖面二叠系的底界,下移到船山组灰岩第六层产Mccloudia带的底。该剖面的船山组灰岩为跨时的岩石地层单位。石炭一二叠系为连续沉积。本文还讨论该剖面与邻区的对比及其古地理环境。 相似文献
6.
通过露头剖面及钻孔岩心数据,对北京西山潭柘寺地区石炭—二叠纪陆相及海陆过渡相含煤岩系进行了层序地层和聚煤作用研究。依据区域不整合面（古风化壳）、下切河道砂体底面、生物缺失带、海侵方向转换面以及岩性突变面等特征辨认出8个层序界面,据此将研究区石炭—二叠系划分为7个三级层序,分别对应于本溪组及太原组M6煤层底板以下、太原组中上部、山西组、下石盒子组、红庙岭组下段、红庙岭组上段、双泉组。根据岩相及沉积环境变化特征,可将每个三级层序进一步划分为低位体系域、海侵体系域和高位体系域。区内可采煤层（如M4）形成于下三角洲平原沉积环境,在三级层序内一般位于最大海泛面附近。 相似文献
7.
本文运用现代沉积学的理论与方法,分析了位于华北晚古生代聚煤区中北带的阳泉,井陉煤田含煤岩系的岩相类型、沉积环境及古地理演化。提出,阳泉、井陉一带石炭纪中、晚期及早二叠世早期沉积的古地理类型均属滨海平原型,北部边缘的阴山古陆为聚煤区陆源碎屑沉积物的主要供给区,同时,五台、太行、吕梁隆起区也可提供部分陆源碎屑沉积物。 相似文献
8.
本文运用现代沉积学的理论与方法,分析了位于华北晚古生代聚煤区中北带的阳泉,井陉煤田含煤岩系的岩相类型、沉积环境及古地理演化。提出,阳泉、井陉一带石炭纪中、晚期及早二叠世早期沉积的古地理类型均属滨海平原型,北部边缘的阴山古陆为聚煤区陆源碎屑沉积物的主要供给区,同时,五台、太行、吕梁隆起区也可提供部分陆源碎屑沉积物。 相似文献
9.
地球在地质历史时期经历过多次冰室与温室气候状态间的相互转换,也发生了以雪球地球为特征的极冷和以快速升温为特征的极热气候事件。二叠纪是晚古生代冰期到中生代温室气候转换的关键时期。为深入认识二叠纪的重大气候演变,急需解决的一个科学问题是如何获取高精年代地层约束的陆地古气候信息。通过总结近年来报道的华北南部石炭—二叠纪含煤岩系的同位素年代学和泥岩风化地球化学数据,建立了基于高精年代地层格架的化学风化趋势,定量重建了华南南部在约300~286 Ma的陆地古温度变化曲线,揭示了低纬陆地古气候对高纬冰川活动和全球气候变化的响应。新建的南华北陆地古温度曲线指示了与早二叠世Asselian初期和Sakmarian晚期两次冰川消融相对应的气候变暖事件,也指示了与Asselian早期和Artinskian早期两次冰川扩张相对应的气候变冷事件。 相似文献
10.
Yongcai Yang Zhihuan Zhang Wei Li Liming Qin Chaohe Fang Yuxiang Lin Hua Liu 《中国地球化学学报》2008,27(3):265-275
Stable carbon isotopes were used together with molecular markers to constrain genetic relationships between sandstone extracts and potential source rocks in the pre-Tertiary in the Huanghua Depression, North China. Comparison of the extracts from Permo-Carboniferous terrigenous mudstones and Ordovician marine carbonates indicated that their prominent differences are in stable carbon isotopes, molecular markers and thermal maturity. Although the extracts of the Mesozoic and Lower Permian Xiashihezi Formation sandstones have some similar iso-topic characteristics, molecular markers data provide a good correlation between the Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous oils and the Upper Carboniferous Taiyuan Formation mudstones, and between the Lower Permian Xiashihezi Formation oils and the Lower Permian mudstones. The results showed that the Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous sandstone oils were derived chiefly from the Upper Carboniferous Taiyuan Formation terrigenous mudstones and that the Lower Permian Xiashihezi Formation oils were sourced from the Lower Permian Shanxi Formation and Xiashihezi Formation terrigenous mudstones. 相似文献
11.
晋东南沁水盆地的煤层气储层主要是石炭-二叠系煤层,其厚度变化明显受控于当时的沉积环境及层序地层格架。本文对该盆地含煤岩系的太原组和山西组进行了高分辨率层序地层分析,并探讨了主采煤层15号和3号煤层在层序地层格架下的分布模式。以区域性分布的与下切谷砂岩共生的间断面、不整合面、海侵方向转换面、下切谷砂岩底面、由深变浅-再由浅变深的沉积相转换面以及共生的古土壤层为界,将含煤岩系划分为3个三级复合层序和9个四级层序。15号厚煤层和3号厚煤层位于三级海侵(泛)面附近,前者形成于障壁——潟湖及滨外陆棚沉积环境,较低的泥岩堆积速率与较慢的可容空间增长速率相平衡;后者形成于三角洲平原分流间湾环境,较高的泥炭堆积速率与较高的可容空间的增长速率相平衡。太原组的以“根土岩——煤层——海相石灰岩”旋回为代表的四级层序中的煤层可能形成于“海相灰岩层滞后时段”,即从海平面抬升到陆棚之上到碳酸盐岩真正沉积下来之前的时段,因为缓慢的海平面抬升速率与泥炭堆积速率保持较长时间的平衡,从而聚集了厚层的泥炭/煤层。 相似文献
12.
论河北南部太原组的时代问题 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9
<正> 近年来,本文作者在太行山东麓峰峰至元氏一带对晚古生代主要含煤地层作了比较系统的研究,采集了大量的动、植物化石,于原上石炭统太原组上部的野青灰岩层中,发现了大量二叠纪的非有孔虫Geinitzina,Pachyphloia,类Nankinella 及其砂泥岩夹层中发现常见于山西组、下石盒子组的Lobatannularia等植物证明了本区石炭、二叠系的界线应重新厘定,二叠系之底界应置于野青灰岩层之下。 相似文献
13.
为了探讨中国西南地区二叠系乐平统(上二叠统)龙潭组中下部煤系不同煤组分中砷、硒的含量和演化及古环境意义,对近10年来采集于中国西南扬子地台的二叠系乐平统龙潭组主采煤层的原煤、亮煤、煤矸石、黄铁矿结核等样品中砷、硒元素含量进行了测定和分析,并与中国华北地台一些煤矿的上石炭统-下二叠统太原组、山西组的原煤、镜煤、亮煤、煤矸石、黄铁矿结核等样品中砷、硒含量进行对比分析。结果表明：西南地区乐平统龙潭组煤的砷、硒含量变化较大,但总体高于华北晚石炭世和早二叠世煤的砷、硒含量;西南二叠系乐平统龙潭组大多数的亮煤中砷、硒含量高于原煤全煤样(刻槽样)中的砷、硒含量,也远远高于同煤层煤矸石的含量,龙潭组部分亮煤的砷含量尤其高,为55～338 mg/kg,还发现砷含量为89 mg/kg的亮煤。但华北上石炭统-下二叠统的镜煤中的砷、硒含量与之相反,低于原煤全煤样的砷、硒含量,其中砷含量非常低,为063～129 mg/kg。说明西南地区上二叠统煤中的砷和硒与煤的有机质密切相关,可能主要来源于成煤古植物。在西南乐平世早、中期第Ⅰ幕陆生生物集群灭绝事件期间,陆生动物的食物--植物中有毒有害元素砷、硒含量明显增加,陆生环境或泥炭沼泽中可溶性砷、硒含量增加。 相似文献
14.
鲁西南地区石炭纪—二叠纪含煤岩系层序地层及聚煤特征 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
根据钻井、测井和地质等资料,对鲁西南地区石炭纪—二叠纪含煤岩系进行了层序地层学与聚煤作用研究。识别出以区域不整合面、古土壤层底面、海侵方向转换面、下切谷砂体底面为代表的4种类型的层序界面;划分出本溪组、太原组、山西组和下石盒子组中的4个三级层序,从下到上依次为SⅢ1、SⅢ2、SⅢ3及SⅢ4。通过对比研究不同层序的含煤性及煤层的发育特征后认为,形成于分流间湾沼泽环境的SⅢ3煤层发育最好,形成于潟湖与沼泽环境的SⅢ1及SⅢ2煤层发育次之,SⅢ4没有煤层发育。在同一个层序内部,泥炭聚集速率与可容空间增加速率之间的平衡状态决定了煤层的厚度,这种平衡状态保持较长时间是煤层形成的基本条件,而与泥炭聚集有关的可容空间的持续增加需要基准面的不断抬升,因此,发育较好的煤层最可能形成于海侵体系域末期,如SⅢ3的TST末期的3号煤层。 相似文献
15.
基于淮南煤田新集井田1001钻孔石炭-二叠系太原组、二叠系山西组和下石盒子组岩心观测和样品采集,通过显微镜下鉴定、粒度分析和X射线衍射矿物成分分析,研究淮南煤田含煤岩系沉积相类型特征与演化。结果表明:研究区晚石炭纪早期,海水进退频繁,发育障壁海岸和潮坪沉积体系,泥坪和混合坪微相与局限潮下坪微相共生,总体上发生3次海侵事件,代表陆表海的充填阶段;早二叠世早期,海平面下降,山西组发育三角洲前缘沉积相,远砂坝、河口砂坝、水下分流河道、水下天然堤及分流间湾微相共生,海陆过渡三角洲相在破坏中不断进积;早二叠世末期,下石盒子组发育三角洲平原沉积体系,分流河道、天然堤、泥炭沼泽及分流间洼地微相共生,研究区进入陆相三角洲沉积阶段。 相似文献
16.
The Karoo Supergroup outcropst in the mid-Zambezi Valley, southern Zambia. It is underlain by the Sinakumbe Group of Ordovician to Devonian age. The Lower Karoo Group (Late Carboniferous to Permian age) consists of the basal Siankondobo Sandstone Formation, which comprises three facies, overlain by the Gwembe Coal Formation with its economically important coal deposits, in turn overlain by the Madumabisa Mudstone Formation which consists of lacustrine mudstone, calcilutite, sandstone, and concretionary calcareous beds. The Upper Karoo Group (Triassic to Early Jurassic) is sub-divided into the coarsely arenaceous Escarpment Grit, overlain by the fining upwards Interbedded Sandstone and Mudstone, Red Sandstone; and Batoka Basalt Formations.Palynomorph assemblages suggest that the Siankondobo Sandstone Formation is Late Carboniferous (Gzhelian) to Early Permian (Asselian to Early Sakmarian) in age, the Gwembe Coal Formation Early Permian (Artinskian to Kungurian), the Madumabisa Mudstone Late Permian (Tatarian), and the Interbedded Sandstone and Mudstone Early or Middle Triassic (Late Scythian or Anisian). The marked quantitative variations in the assemblages are due partly to age differences, but they also reflect vegetational differences resulting from different paleoclimates and different facies.The low thermal maturity of the formations (Thermal Alteration Index 2) suggests that the rocks are oil prone. However, the general scarcity of amorphous kerogen, such as the alga Botryococcus sp., and the low proportion of exinous material, indicates a low potential for liquid hydrocarbons. Gas may have been generated, particularly in the coal seams of the Gwembe Coal Formation, that are more deeply buried. 相似文献
17.
With the aim of constraining the influence of the surrounding plates on the Late Paleozoic–Mesozoic paleogeographic and tectonic evolution of the southern North China Craton (NCC), we undertook new U–Pb and Hf isotope data for detrital zircons obtained from ten samples of upper Paleozoic to Mesozoic sediments in the Luoyang Basin and Dengfeng area. Samples of upper Paleozoic to Mesozoic strata were obtained from the Taiyuan, Xiashihezi, Shangshihezi, Shiqianfeng, Ermaying, Shangyoufangzhuang, Upper Jurassic unnamed, and Lower Cretaceous unnamed formations (from oldest to youngest). On the basis of the youngest zircon ages, combined with the age-diagnostic fossils, and volcanic interlayer, we propose that the Taiyuan Formation (youngest zircon age of 439 Ma) formed during the Late Carboniferous and Early Permian, the Xiashihezi Formation (276 Ma) during the Early Permian, the Shangshihezi (376 Ma) and Shiqianfeng (279 Ma) formations during the Middle–Late Permian, the Ermaying Group (232 Ma) and Shangyoufangzhuang Formation (230 and 210 Ma) during the Late Triassic, the Jurassic unnamed formation (154 Ma) during the Late Jurassic, and the Cretaceous unnamed formation (158 Ma) during the Early Cretaceous. These results, together with previously published data, indicate that: (1) Upper Carboniferous–Lower Permian sandstones were sourced from the Northern Qinling Orogen (NQO); (2) Lower Permian sandstones were formed mainly from material derived from the Yinshan–Yanshan Orogenic Belt (YYOB) on the northern margin of the NCC with only minor material from the NQO; (3) Middle–Upper Permian sandstones were derived primarily from the NQO, with only a small contribution from the YYOB; (4) Upper Triassic sandstones were sourced mainly from the YYOB and contain only minor amounts of material from the NQO; (5) Upper Jurassic sandstones were derived from material sourced from the NQO; and (6) Lower Cretaceous conglomerate was formed mainly from recycled earlier detritus.The provenance shift in the Upper Carboniferous–Mesozoic sediments within the study area indicates that the YYOB was strongly uplifted twice, first in relation to subduction of the Paleo-Asian Ocean Plate beneath the northern margin of the NCC during the Early Permian, and subsequently in relation to collision between the southern Mongolian Plate and the northern margin of the NCC during the Late Triassic. The three episodes of tectonic uplift of the NQO were probably related to collision between the North and South Qinling terranes, northward subduction of the Mianlue Ocean Plate, and collision between the Yangtze Craton and the southern margin of the NCC during the Late Carboniferous–Early Permian, Middle–Late Permian, and Late Jurassic, respectively. The southern margin of the central NCC was rapidly uplifted and eroded during the Early Cretaceous. 相似文献
18.
宁夏北部沙巴台地区太原组沉积层序及其年代地层对比 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
宁夏北部沙巴台地区的太原组为海陆交互相和三角洲相沉积 ,可划分为 2个三级层序、 4个副层序组和 1 8个副层序。与华南海相沉积层序的对比表明太原组属晚石炭世 Gzhelian晚期至早二叠世 Artinskian中期。下二叠统 Asselian阶的底界 (即 C/P界线 )大体与太原组下部层序的初始海泛面一致 ,可广泛对比。 相似文献
19.
20.
滇西亲冈瓦纳相生物群特征及地层时代的重新厘定 总被引：14，自引：1，他引：14
滇西保山地区丁家寨组及其上覆卧牛寺组,前人根据其中(虫筳)类化石定为上石炭统(马平阶),沿用至今。笔者在该区多门类化石中,见到不同时代的化石混积在一起,包括异地再沉积的早石炭世腕足类Syringothyris,石炭纪的(虫筳)类、珊瑚等。原地埋藏的腕足类有Steriochia litostyla等,并保存有完好的壳刺。厘定后的时代为Sakmarian晚期至Artinskian,它可与西藏的冈瓦纳相地层及生物群进行对比。 滇西腾冲地区空树河组及其上覆的岩子坡组,前人因其含(虫筳)Triticites,Quasifusulina等也定为上石炭统。实际上,空树河组中、上部的多门类化石(包括腕足类、苔藓虫、单体珊瑚和微古植物等),与丁家寨组相似,具有强烈的二叠纪面貌,与冈瓦纳相更为接近。厘定空树河组时代为Sakmarian—Chihsian,它与西藏的相应地层可以很好地进行对比。 相似文献