共查询到17条相似文献，搜索用时 262 毫秒
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天然气水合物的声学探测模拟实验 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在人工岩心中进行天然气水合物的生成和分解实验,同时获取了体系的温度、压力、声学特性(Vp和Vs、幅度和频率)及含水量等参数。经研究发现,温压法、超声探测法和TDR探测法都能灵敏探测沉积物中天然气水合物的形成和分解过程。分析认为,本次实验中水合物形成速率过快,只能宏观研究水合物对沉积物声学特性的影响,建议采用长岩心进一步研究沉积物中水合物的声学特性。 相似文献
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天然气水合物相平衡研究的实验技术与方法 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
介绍了水溶液中天然气水合物相平衡研究的各种实验技术及测定方法 ;对于沉积物中水合物相平衡条件的研究 ,着重探讨了电阻法、超声法及 TDR法等探测技术。实验装置的发展完善和探测技术的提高 ,将极大地推动沉积物中天然气水合物的相平衡条件的研究。 相似文献
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沉积物中天然气水合物合成及开采模拟实验研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
基于自行研发的天然气水合物模拟开采实验装置,进行了电加热法和减压法2种开采技术的实验研究.实验材料采用粒径为0.18～0.25 mm的自然砂,0.03%的十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)水溶液和高纯甲烷,每次实验都分为水合物合成和开采两个阶段.实验结果表明:水合物首先在沉积物体系上层与外侧生成,然后在体系内部逐渐生成.在电加热法开采过程中,可分为初始分解、沉积物体系升温、大量分解3个阶段,加热点的位置、热量传递方向和速率决定着沉积物中水合物的分解位置和速率,该方法能量利用率较低.在减压法开采过程中,水合物分解速度先快后慢,设置的分解压力越低,分解速度越快. 相似文献
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《海洋地质前沿》2021,37(5)
电阻率对沉积物组成和微观结构具有极高敏感性,是反映水合物生成分解过程物性演化的重要参数。然而由于影响因素复杂,人们对电阻率随CH_4水合物生成分解的演化规律仍不清楚。对含CH_4水合物沉积物的电阻率实验研究进展进行了梳理,分析了电阻率的主要影响因素,总结了纯水、盐水、非饱和水等不同体系中水合物生成分解过程电阻率演化规律。研究认为,在纯水沉积物中,电阻率随着水合物的生成不断增大;在盐水沉积物中,成核阶段的排盐效应以及生长阶段的重结晶或Ostwald熟化现象都会导致沉积物电阻率的降低;对非饱和水沉积物,气体和水在重力、毛细管力作用下、孔隙溶液离子在渗透和扩散作用下,都对沉积物电阻率造成影响。基于上述分析,提出了水合物生成过程模型,探讨了电学特性实验研究未来发展方向,对水合物电学研究具有一定的参考意义。 相似文献
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含水合物沉积物孔隙结构特征分析和微观渗流模拟是水合物研究的基础性、关键性工作,对深入理解沉积物中水合物的分解机理、储层渗流机理和开采机理有十分重要的意义。总结了国内外含水合物沉积物的微观孔隙探测方法,对比分析了多种微观探测技术应用在水合物研究中的技术特点;重点分析了计算机断层扫描(CT)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和核磁共振成像(MRI)技术在含水合物沉积物孔隙结构研究中的应用现状;简述了利用微观数值模拟方法进行含水合物沉积物渗流分析的研究进展;在此基础上,展望了含水合物沉积物孔隙特征分析和微观渗流模拟研究的未来方向和挑战。 相似文献
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《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2021,41(3)
含水合物储层的宏观物性表现是由储层沉积物的微观孔隙特征所控制的。理解沉积物在水合物生成过程中微观孔隙结构特征变化对于其物性特征的预测和分析有重要意义。本文利用低场核磁共振(LFNMR)技术监测了不同砂样中氙气水合物的生成过程,利用横向弛豫时间(T2)谱对生成过程中的微观孔隙结构及水相渗透率演化规律进行了分析。研究表明,水合物优先生成于沉积物较大孔隙中,在半径较小的孔隙中水合物很难生成;生成前期水合物的生长速率较快,后期逐渐减缓;水合物的生成导致沉积物孔隙尺寸和分布的变化,表现为随着水合物的生成,沉积物水相孔隙空间的最大孔隙半径和平均孔隙半径逐渐减小,孔隙空间的分形系数逐渐增大;沉积物水相渗透率随水合物生成过程中水合物饱和度的增加,先迅速减小后缓慢减小;具有不同孔隙结构特征的样品水相渗透率变化规律存在差异;相较于SDR模型和Kozeny-Carman模型,分形方法能够更好地体现孔隙结构变化对渗透率的影响。 相似文献
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位于南卡罗来纳近海的布莱克海台的海洋地震数据及测井表明：含有气体水合物的沉积层覆盖于含游离气的沉积层之上，造成了明显的地震似海底反射（BSRs)。我们将一个理论的岩石物理模型应用到二维的布莱克海台海洋地震数据，以确定气体水合物与游离气的饱和度。高孔隙度的海洋沉积物可以模拟为一个颗粒状的系统，其弹性波速度与孔隙度、有效压力、矿物成分、孔隙充填物的弹性属性以及孔隙空间中水、气体及气体水合物的饱和度相关。将此模型应用到地震数据时，我们首先通过叠加速度分析获得层速度。其次，除孔隙度，水、气和气体水合物的饱和度等参数外，通过地质信息获得岩石物理模型的其他输入参数。为了从层速度信息中估算孔隙度和饱和度，我们首先假定整个沉积物中不含气体水合物或游离气，然后，根据岩石物理模型由层速度直接计算孔隙度。在气体水合物与游离气出现的区域，这些孔隙度的数据特征出现异常（无气体水合物或游离气的沉积物中期望的标准数据特征与获得的数据特征相比较而言），低估水合物区域中的孔隙度，而高估含游离气区域的孔隙度。我们用带有异常值的孔隙度数据减去标准的孔隙度特征数据（不含气体水合物和气体）来计算剩余孔隙度。然后,我们应用岩石物理模型剔除气体水合物或气体饱和度引起的异常，最终获得理想的二维饱和度图。因此，这样得到的气体水合物最大饱和度占孔隙空间的13－18％之间（取决于所用模式的型式）。在布莱克海台钻井中（不在地震测线上）测量的饱和度大约为12％，这与计算结果一致，游离气体的饱和度在1－2％之间变化。饱和度的估算值对于输入的速度值相当敏感，因此，采用准确的速度对得到合理的储层特性相当关键。 相似文献
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Gas hydrate has been recognized as a potential energy resource in South China Sea (SCS). Understanding the acoustic response of gas hydrate formation in the SCS sediments is essential for regional gas hydrate investigation and quantification. The sediments were obtained from gravity core sampling at E 115°12.52363′ N 19°48.40299′. Gas hydrate was formed within a “gas + water-saturated SCS sediments” system. Combination of a new bender element technique and coated time domain reflectometry (TDR) was carried out to study the acoustic response of hydrate occurrence in SCS sediments. The results show the acoustic signal becomes weak when hydrate saturation (Sh) is lower than 14%. The acoustic velocities (Vp, Vs) of the sediments increase with Sh during hydrate formation, and Vs increases relatively faster when Sh is higher than 14%. These results indicate that tiny hydrate particles may firstly float in the pore fluid, which causes a significant acoustic attenuation, but has little influence on shear modulus. As time lapses and Sh approaches 14%, numerous particles coalesce together and contact with sediment particles. As a result, Vs has a sharp increase when hydrate saturation exceeds 14%. Several velocity models were validated with the experimental data, which suggests a combination of the BGTL (Biot–Gassmann Theory modified by Lee) model and the Weighted Equation is suitable to estimate Sh in SCS. 相似文献
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Jiliang Wang Shiguo Wu Jianhua Geng Priyank Jaiswal 《Marine Geophysical Researches》2018,39(4):509-522
A better understanding of wave attenuation in hydrate-bearing sediments is necessary for the improved geophysical quantification of marine gas hydrates. Here we compare the attenuation behavior of hydrate-saturated vs water-saturated sediments at site GC955H, in the Gulf of Mexico, which was surveyed during the JIP Leg II expedition. We compute the P-wave attenuation of the gas hydrate bearing sediments using the median frequency shift method on the monopole waveforms. The results show that P-wave attenuation due to low saturation (<?0.4) in hydrate-filled fractures of fine-grained sediment is comparable to that of the water-filled fracture case. On the contrary, P-wave attenuation due to high saturation (>?0.4) in the hydrate-filled pores of coarse-grained sediments can be up to as much as three times more than that of the water-saturated case. The correlation analysis shows that the P-wave attenuation increases with the increasing gas hydrate saturation for the highly saturated gas hydrate-bearing sand interval while the correlation of the P-wave attenuation and hydrate saturation is weak for low saturated gas hydrate-bearing shale interval. The results show that P-wave attenuation is more likely to be used as a geophysical proxy for gas hydrate quantification of highly concentrated coarse-grained sediment rather than for that of fine-grained sediment. To examine the P-wave behavior in sand, we use the improved LCAM model, which accounts for physical factors such as grain boundary roughness and squirt flow to explain the observed differences in P-wave attenuation between hydrate and water-saturated coarse-grained sediment. Our results provide further geophysical evidences for P-wave behavior in the gas hydrate-bearing sediments in the field. 相似文献
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Presence of gas hydrate and free gas in Iranian part of Makran accretionary prism changes the elastic properties of unconsolidated sediments and produces sharp bottom simulating reflectors (BSRs) which are observed on the 2-D seismic data. Different methods have been applied to estimate the gas hydrate and free gas saturations in marine sediments based on seismic measurements. Most of these methods are based on relating the elastic properties to the hydrate and free gas saturations and remotely estimating their concentration. In this regard, using the effective medium theory (EMT) which was developed for different modes of hydrate distribution is more considered among other rock physics theories. The main concern about saturation estimations based on EMT is that the velocities of the hydrate-bearing sediments primarily depend on how they are distributed within the pore space. Therefore, understanding the modes of hydrate distribution (at least cementing or non-cementing modes) is necessary to decrease the estimation uncertainties.The first intention of paper is to investigate amplitude variation versus offset (AVO) analysis of BSR to determine the hydrate distribution modes. The results from the probable saturation revealed that if the hydrate cements the sediment grains, BSR would show the AVO class IV and if hydrate does not cement the sediment grains, then BSR would show either the AVO class II or class III depending on the free gas saturation just beneath the BSR. The second intention of paper is to introduce some templates called reflectivity templates (RTs) for quantitative study of hydrate resources. These templates are provided based on the EMT to quantify the hydrate and free gas near the BSR. Validation of this approach by synthetic data showed that a reliable quantification could be achieved by intercept-gradient RTs, only if these attributes are determined with a high accuracy and good assumptions are made about the mineralogical composition and porosity of the unconsolidated host sediments. The results of this approach applied to a 2-D marine pre-stack time migrated seismic line showed that less than 10% of the gas hydrate accumulated near to the BSR in anticlinal-ridge type structure of Iranian deep sea sediments. The free gas saturation near to the BSR by assuming a homogeneous distribution was less than 3% and by assuming patchy distribution was about 3–10%. 相似文献
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Hailong Lu Tatsuji Kawasaki Toshiyasu Ukita Igor Moudrakovski Tetsuya Fujii Satoshi Noguchi Tadaaki Shimada Masaru Nakamizu John Ripmeester Chris Ratcliffe 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2011,28(10):1801-1805
Except for those occurring at seafloor, most of natural gas hydrate form in sediments and are subject to the influence of sediment. Among these factors, the particle size effect on hydrate saturation level in sediment have been studied with a series of silica sands with various sizes, and the results obtained clearly indicate that particle size does play an important role in affecting the saturation level of hydrate in sediments. The proton relaxation times of water confined in the same series of silica sands, which were determined with NMR measurement, show logarithmic relationship with particle size. By comprehensive consideration of the results of hydrate saturation and water proton relaxation times, the particle size effect observed is tentatively explained by the water availability for hydrate formation in sediments. 相似文献
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《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2012,29(10):1801-1805
Except for those occurring at seafloor, most of natural gas hydrate form in sediments and are subject to the influence of sediment. Among these factors, the particle size effect on hydrate saturation level in sediment have been studied with a series of silica sands with various sizes, and the results obtained clearly indicate that particle size does play an important role in affecting the saturation level of hydrate in sediments. The proton relaxation times of water confined in the same series of silica sands, which were determined with NMR measurement, show logarithmic relationship with particle size. By comprehensive consideration of the results of hydrate saturation and water proton relaxation times, the particle size effect observed is tentatively explained by the water availability for hydrate formation in sediments. 相似文献
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A method is proposed to estimate gas hydrate saturation from three dimensional (3-D) heterogeneous model of resistivity simulated using resistivity log. Pure gas hydrates are highly resistive compared to the host sediments, and their presence in the pore space of sediments increase the resistivity of the formation. The anomalous increase of resistivity is used as a proxy for the delineation of gas hydrates using the resistivity log. A 3-D heterogeneous resistivity model has been constructed from one dimensional resistivity log in Krishna Godavari (KG) basin, eastern Indian offshore. The simulated model contains all small scale variation in resistivity of the reservoir and maintains all properties associated with covariance, like root mean square fluctuation, characteristic scales and fractal dimension of the observed log. We have estimated volumetric hydrate saturation using the three dimensional simulated model. The porosity used for estimating hydrate saturation is calculated from the simulated density field generated using the observed density log. Estimated average gas hydrate saturation is about 9.84% of the pore volume over a 1000 m × 1000 m x 131 m cubic meters area. 相似文献