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1.
中国近50a极端降水事件变化特征的季节性差异 总被引：14，自引：2，他引：12
利用中国419个测站1958-2007年逐日降水资料集,分析了近50a中国不同区域年和季节极端降水事件的基本变化特征。结果表明,多年平均极端降水事件的空间分布具有明显的纬向分布特征,并表现出显著的季节性差异。长江以南地区是春、冬季极端降水事件发生频次较高的区域;而年、夏季以及秋季极端降水事件发生频次在西南地区较高,在西北东部较低。年极端降水事件频次的长期变化趋势与夏季相似,华北和东北有增加趋势,其他地区为弱的减少趋势;其他季节的长期变化趋势存在明显的区域和季节性差异。年和季节极端降水事件的发生频次具有显著的年际和年代际变化特征。年极端降水事件时间序列的多项式拟合曲线的变化情况与夏季基本一致;而其他季节的变化则存在较大差异,表现出显著的季节性差异。 相似文献
2.
根据珠江流域1961-2007年气温、降水量观测资料和ECHAM5/MPI-OM模式2011-2060年预估结果,分析了流域过去47 a的气温和降水量变化,并预估未来50 a变化趋势。结果表明,在全球变暖的背景下,过去47 a温度呈上升趋势,约升高1.8℃。冬季增温最明显,夏季最弱。未来50 a流域温度仍呈上升趋势,A1B情景下升幅约1.9℃,并且年际变化增强。A2和B1两种排放情景下秋季升温最显著,冬季最弱,A1B排放情景与此相反。过去47 a秋季降水量呈减少趋势;春、夏、冬季和年降水量均呈增加趋势。未来50 a降水总体呈增加趋势,A1B排放情景降水增加最多,约为230 mm。A2、A1B和B1情景下降水季节分配未发生显著变化。年降水和冬季降水的年际变率增强,秋季减弱。 相似文献
3.
该文基于水城县国家气象观测站1986—2015年的逐日观测资料,利用线性回归、Morlet小波分析等方法,对水城县近30 a气温和降水的气候特征进行分析。结果表明：①水城县年平均气温在近30 a来呈现显著的上升趋势,其中春、夏、秋三季的平均温度对年平均气温的增加起到了重要贡献,且冬季在近15 a来更容易发生极端暖冬与冷冬事件;②水城县年平均降水量在近30 a来存在一定的减少趋势,但与气温不同,夏、秋两季的降水占到了全年的75%以上,从而与全年降水量的变化特征息息相关,并且在气候变暖的背景之下,水城县夏、秋季的降水在2000年以来年际变率显著变大,从而导致当地更容易出现极端的旱涝事件;③过去30 a水城县的年极端最高气温出现在春季和初夏的次数最多,3—6月共有25次,占比高达80.6%,年极端最低温所出现的月份则主要集中在冬季（12月—翌年1月）;④水城县平均气温的增加与极端降水的变化之间存在密切联系,水城县年均暴雨日数主要集中在6—8月,在全年暴雨日数中占比达到79%（51 d）,而水城县近30 a的年暴雨日数在气温升高、总降水量减少的背景之下仍出现了显著的增加趋势。 相似文献
4.
Daily precipitation series at 15 stations in the Beijing metropolitan region (BMR) during 1960-2012 were homogenized using the multiple analysis of series for homogenization method, with additional adjustments based on analysis of empirical cumulative density function (ECDF) regarding climate extremes. The cumulative density functions of daily precipitation series, the trends of annual and seasonal precipitation, and summer extreme events during 1960-2012 in the original and final adjusted series at Beijing station were comparatively analyzed to show the necessity and efficiency of the new method. Results indicate that the ECDF adjustments can improve the homogeneity of high-order moments of daily series and the estimation of climate trends in extremes. The linear trends of the regional-mean annual and seasonal (spring, summer, autumn, and winter) precipitation series are -10.16, 4.97, -20.04, 5.02, and -0.11 mm (10 yr)-1, respectively. The trends over the BMR increase consistently for spring/autumn and decrease for the whole year/summer; however, the trends for winter decrease in southern parts and increase in northern parts. Urbanization affects local trends of precipitation amount, frequency, and intensity and their geographical patterns. For the urban-influenced sites, urbanization tends to slow down the magnitude of decrease in the precipitation and extreme amount series by approximately -10.4% and -6.0%, respectively; enhance the magnitude of decrease in precipitation frequency series by approximately 5.7%; reduce that of extremes by approximately -8.9%; and promote the decreasing trends in the summer intensity series of both precipitation and extremes by approximately 6.8% and 51.5%, respectively. 相似文献
5.
Based on daily precipitation data from 524 meteorological stations in China during the period 1960–2009, the climatology and the temporal changes (trends, interannual, and decadal variations) in the proportion of seasonal precipitation to the total annual precipitation were analyzed on both national and regional scales. Results indicated that (1) for the whole country, the climatology in the seasonal distribution of precipitation showed that the proportion accounted for 55 % in summer (June–August), for around 20 % in both spring (March–May) and autumn (September–November), and around 5 % in winter (December–February). But the spatial features were region-dependent. The primary precipitation regime, “summer–autumn–spring–winter”, was located in central and eastern regions which were north of the Huaihe River, in eastern Tibet, and in western Southwest China. The secondary regime, “summer–spring–autumn–winter”, appeared in the regions south of the Huaihe River, except Jiangnan where spring precipitation dominated, and the southeastern Hainan Island where autumn precipitation prevailed. (2) For the temporal changes on the national scale, first, where the trends were concerned, the proportion of winter precipitation showed a significantly increasing trend, while that of the other three seasons did not show any significant trends. Second, for the interannual variation, the variability in summer was the largest among the four seasons and that in winter was the smallest. Then, on the decadal scale, China experienced a sharp decrease only in the proportion of summer precipitation in 2000. (3) For the temporal changes on the regional scale, all the concerned 11 geographic regions of China underwent increasing trends in the proportion of winter precipitation. For spring, it decreased over the regions south of the Yellow River but increased elsewhere. The trend in the proportion of summer precipitation was generally opposite to that of spring. For autumn, it decreased over the other ten regions except Inner Mongolia with no trend. It is noted that the interannual variability of precipitation seasonality is large over North China, Huanghuai, and Jianghuai; its decadal variability is large over the other regions, especially over those regions south of the Yangtze River. 相似文献
6.
利用天津1918—2010年逐日降水资料,分析了天津7个降水指数的长期变化趋势。结果发现:天津年降水量和降水日数年际差异较大,没有显著的趋势性变化。从1980年开始天津降水量和日数开始变小(少),方差也变小,四季中秋季降水量呈显著的增加趋势,夏季呈减少趋势,冬、春季变化较小。各极端降水指数中,均表现为线性趋势不明显,年际变化较大,20世纪90年代以来降水强度偏小,但呈缓慢的增加趋势,大雨日数也处于偏少阶段,大雨贡献率偏小,并呈减小趋势。四季中秋季连续5 d最大降水量呈显著的增加趋势,减少了秋季干旱的发生,最长连续无降水日数多发生在冬春季,近年来有增加的趋势。 相似文献
7.
为了全面把握20世纪80年代以来中国生态脆弱区气候变化的特征,利用基于全国2000多个站点的格点化逐月资料,对中国典型生态脆弱区1980～2014年的日平均气温、日最高和最低气温、降水、相对湿度、风速和蒸发皿蒸发量的变化特征进行了分析。结果表明:（1）中国生态脆弱区日平均气温、日最高和最低气温几乎都呈上升趋势;日平均气温增幅北方大于南方;北方生态脆弱区日平均气温、日最高和最低气温、南方生态脆弱区日最低气温的季节增幅多为春季最大,秋季或冬季最小。（2）全区平均降水变化趋势不明显;生态脆弱区降水距平百分率春季多为增长趋势,夏季多为减少趋势,秋、冬季和年北方多为增长趋势,南方多为减少趋势。（3）相对湿度以减少趋势为主,只有黄土高原南部脆弱区秋、冬季和干旱半干旱区脆弱区冬季相对湿度距平百分率的趋势为正,这几个正值区同时也是降水增长大值区。（4）风速基本为减少趋势,春季减少趋势最大。（5）全区平均蒸发皿蒸发量春、夏季和年为减少趋势,冬季为增长趋势;北方生态脆弱区蒸发皿蒸发量四季和年多呈减少趋势;南方生态脆弱区蒸发皿蒸发量春、夏季以减少趋势为主,秋、冬季和年呈增长趋势。 相似文献
8.
石家庄市气候变化特征分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用石家庄市1951～2005年气温、降水资料,采用变率分析、趋势分析、小波变换和Mann-Kendall检验等方法对石家庄近55年的气候变化特征进行了分析。结果表明:①夏季、秋季气温变率小,冬季气温变化幅度最大;②年气温和四季气温线性上升趋势显著,春季、冬季升温最明显,近55年气候变暖主要是春季和冬季气温升高造成的。年降水量和四季降水量不存在线性变化趋势;③四季气温和年气温变化的周期性不明显,而降水量变化存在周期性;④石家庄四季气温和年气温在20世纪80年代末和90年初发生了明显的气候突变,而四季降水量和年降水量变化没有发生明显的气候突变。 相似文献
9.
利用卫星遥感资料对安徽省46个台站进行分类,统计分析了城市站、郊区站和乡村站1961-2010年的极端气温指数的年和季节的变化趋势及其受城市化的影响和贡献。结果表明：1) 近50年来,除最高气温年极大值外,其他气温年极值都有明显上升趋势,以最低温度极小值最显著;暖日、暖夜天数呈增加趋势,而冷日、冷夜天数呈减少趋势,其中暖夜和冷夜变化趋势更明显;各极端指数的变化趋势总体均表现为城市站较乡村站更显著,郊区站介于两者之间。2) 城市站最高气温极大值、最低气温极大值和最低气温极小值因城市化造成的增温分别为0.144、0.184和0.161℃/10a,增温贡献率分别达100.0%、58.8%和21.6%,但城市化对最高气温极小值影响较弱;季节尺度的城市化影响基本都造成增温,春、秋季更明显,而增温贡献率以春、夏季更明显,冬季最小或不显著。3) 城市化效应使暖日和暖夜天数增加、冷夜天数减少的趋势更加显著,城市化影响贡献率都在40%以上;暖日、暖夜和冷夜天数的城市化影响贡献率都在冬季最小或不显著。 相似文献
10.
本文选择天山开都河流域为研究区,基于巴音布鲁克和大山口2个水文站1957-2011年的日径流量观测资料,采用年最大值法（AM）抽取径流序列样本,用线性趋势法、Mann-Kendall趋势检验和Pettitt检验分析年最大日流量、春季最大日流量和夏季最大日流量序列的变化规律;并运用广义极值分布（GEV）对标准化的最大日流量序列进行拟合,分析洪水频率的变化特征。结果表明：提取的6个最大日流量序列均不存在明显的趋势性,且突变点不显著;其中巴音布鲁克站年最大日流量、春季最大日流量和大山口站年最大日流量序列近似服从Frechet分布,而大山口站春季最大日流量、夏季最大日流量和巴音布鲁克站夏季最大日流量序列则服从Gumbel分布。1980年代以来,开都河流域洪水的发生频次明显增加;巴音布鲁克站夏季洪水次数持续增加,大山口站春季和夏季洪水次数均呈增加趋势,且春季洪水出现时间均有所提前。春季显著升温与冬季降水增加,是春季融雪性洪水出现时间和水量变化的主要原因;而夏季降雨量和降雨频率显著增加,是夏季洪水形成与频率变化的主导因素。 相似文献
11.
利用1981～2017年雅砻江流域18个气象站的逐日降水资料,采用算术平均、滑动平均、线性回归等方法,分析了流域面雨量、雨季的时空分布特征。结果表明:雅砻江流域面雨量随月份起伏明显,年内变化呈单峰型。流域春季面雨量呈增加趋势,夏季面雨量中上游呈稳定趋势,下游呈减少趋势,秋季中游和下游呈减少趋势,冬季变化不明显。流域年平均面雨量由北向南逐渐增多,上游和中游呈上升趋势,下游呈下降趋势。雅砻江流域雨季开始期呈提前趋势,雨季结束期上游和下游有推迟趋势,中游变化趋势不明显。流域强降水主要出现在6～9月,面雨量最大值出现在7月,最小值在1月。流域上游的强降水与中游、下游的基本没有关联度;下游强降水和中游关联度为23.3%。 相似文献
12.
The high variability of the Mediterranean climate from year to year and within each year makes it difficult to assess changes
that could be associated with a climate change. In this paper some indices, such as changes in the precipitation concentration
during the year, maximum 1-day and 5-day precipitation, number of wet days (total and those with precipitation higher than
the 75th and 95th percentile), magnitude and frequency of extreme events (considered as the rainfall higher than that corresponding
to the 99th percentile), fraction of annual total precipitation due to events exceeding the 95th and 99th percentile, strength
of the events, and length and frequency of dry period (days between consecutive rains) are evaluated for the Penedès-Anoia
region (NE Spain). A 80-year daily dataset (1923–2002) and two 40-year series were used to assess possible trends. The indices
indicate an increase in precipitation in winter and summer and a positive trend of concentration in autumn, with a higher
number of extreme events separated by longer dry periods. The total number of wet days per year increased, although it was
irregularly distributed over the year, with an increase in the extremes and in the fraction of total rainfall that these events
represent in autumn and winter, and with an increase of the strength of the events in autumn. These changes in rainfall distribution
have negative effects on water availability for crops and contribute to accelerate erosion processes in the area. 相似文献
13.
《Atmospheric Science Letters》2000,1(1):62-74
Identifying and removing the influence of atmospheric circulation variability on central England temperature increases the statistical significance of warming trends in spring, autumn and the annual mean over the last 50 years. The trends are more detectable because the circulation changes contribute greatly to the ‘noise’ of interannual to interdecadal variability, but induce only small multi-decadal trends (the ‘signal’). Factoring out the circulation can thus enhance the signal-to-noise ratio. For precipitation, the recent enhancement in the difference between summer rainfall in south-east England and winter precipitation in northern Scotland can partly be explained by atmospheric circulation variability over the past 40 years (particularly the increase in the North Atlantic Oscillation index from the 1960s to the early 1990s). 相似文献
14.
近50 a来中国不同流域降水的变化趋势分析 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
利用我国612个气象站1961—2010年逐日降水量资料,借助地理信息系统Arc GIS,分析了我国十大流域的年、季节降水量的时空变化趋势特征。结果表明,我国降水主要集中在珠江、东南诸河和长江流域,西北诸河流域降水最少;四季降水量与年降水量的空间分布特征高度相似;降水量均为夏季最多,冬季最少。就年降水量而言,西北诸河流域有变湿趋势,海河流域和黄河流域有变干趋势。就降水季节而言,西南诸河、松花江、西北诸河流域春季有变湿趋势;东南诸河流域和长江流域夏季有变湿趋势,海河流域和西南诸河流域夏季有变干趋势;西北诸河流域秋季有变湿趋势,长江流域、黄河流域和淮河流域秋季有变干趋势;松花江流域、西北诸河流域和长江流域冬季有变湿趋势。 相似文献
15.
Recent trends in observed temperature and precipitation extremes in the Yangtze River basin,China 总被引：14，自引：1，他引：14
Summary The present study is an analysis of the observed extreme temperature and precipitation trends over Yangtze from 1960 to 2002
on the basis of the daily data from 108 meteorological stations. The intention is to identify whether or not the frequency
or intensity of extreme events has increased with climate warming over Yangtze River basin in the last 40 years. Both the
Mann-Kendall (MK) trend test and simple linear regression were utilized to detect monotonic trends in annual and seasonal
extremes.
Trend tests reveal that the annual and seasonal mean maximum and minimum temperature trend is characterized by a positive
trend and that the strongest trend is found in the winter mean minimum in the Yangtze. However, the observed significant trend
on the upper Yangtze reaches is less than that found on the middle and lower Yangtze reaches and for the mean maximum is much
less than that of the mean minimum. From the basin-wide point of view, significant increasing trends are observed in 1-day
extreme temperature in summer and winter minimum, but there is no significant trend for 1-day maximum temperature. Moreover,
the number of cold days ≤0 °C and ≤10 °C shows significant decrease, while the number of hot days (daily value ≥35 °C) shows
only a minor decrease. The upward trends found in the winter minimum temperature in both the mean and the extreme value provide
evidence of the warming-up of winter and of the weakening of temperature extremes in the Yangtze in last few decades.
The monsoon climate implies that precipitation amount peaks in summer as does the occurrence of heavy rainfall events. While
the trend test has revealed a significant trend in summer rainfall, no statistically significant change was observed in heavy
rain intensity. The 1-day, 3-day and 7-day extremes show only a minor increase from a basin-wide point of view. However, a
significant positive trend was found for the number of rainstorm days (daily rainfall ≥50 mm). The increase of rainstorm frequency,
rather than intensity, on the middle and lower reaches contributes most to the positive trend in summer precipitation in the
Yangtze. 相似文献
16.
基于青藏高原地区高质量、均一化的气象站点观测资料,研究1981—2010年青藏高原地区气温变化趋势特征。结果表明:1981—2010年青藏高原地区整体呈升温趋势,平均升温率为0.40℃/10a,冬春季升温率大于夏秋季节,以三江源区、西藏中西部和青海北部升温趋势最为显著。青藏高原地区年和冬、春、秋三季的升温率随海拔高度的升高而增大,海拔每升高1000 m,站点年平均气温倾向率增加0.1℃/10a,冬季更为显著。青藏高原地区夏季气温倾向率的空间分布具有显著的经向差异,纬度每增加10°,气温倾向率增加0.33℃/10a。 相似文献
17.
研究大陆或次大陆尺度日降水长期趋势变化规律,对于检测、理解区域气候和陆地水循环对全球气候变暖的响应特征十分重要。利用美国国家气候资料中心(NCDC)和中国基准气候站、基本气象站网降水观测资料,在对该站点资料进行基本质量控制基础上,选取东亚地区619个站1951～2009年日降水数据,按照百分位阈值对降水进行分级,共分为弱、中、强、极强4个级别,用经纬度网格面积加权平均方法构建区域平均的时间序列,分析了各类降水事件长期变化趋势的时空特征。结果表明:东亚地区近59年平均总降水量表现出不显著下降趋势,降水日数没有出现趋势性变化,平均日降水强度略有减小;区域平均的年降水量、降水日数和日降水强度在中国北方大部、蒙古东部、俄罗斯远东地区南部和日本列岛多呈减少趋势,而在俄罗斯中西伯利亚南部、朝鲜半岛南部和中国长江中下游流域一般表现为增加。从季节上看,近59年东亚区域平均的冬、春季降水量、降水日数和日降水强度均呈增加趋势,而夏、秋季一般呈减少趋势,仅夏季日降水强度略有增加。降水的年内分配出现均匀化趋势。从不同级别降水事件看,近59年来东亚区域平均的各级别降水量均为下降趋势,中降水、强降水和极强降水日数也呈现下降趋势,弱降水日数表现出较明显增加;仅有全区秋季强降水量、日数减少趋势和冬季中降水量、日数增加趋势通过了显著性水平检验。分析还发现,近30年(1980～2009年)东亚地区日降水趋势变化出现了新的特征,主要表现为大部分地区降水日数呈现增加,日降水强度减少,45°N以南多数台站降水量也增加,全区降水有向非极端化方向发展趋势。 相似文献
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采用1958—2007年天津逐日降水观测数据,探讨降水变化特征。结果表明：近50 a来天津年降水量和年降水日数总体减少,二者每10 a分别减少8.9 mm和4.1 d,其中年降水日数的减少比年降水量的减少显著;四季中,夏冬季降水量明显减少而春秋季呈增加趋势,四季的降水日数均减少;年降水日数在1980年前后有一次明显突变,夏季降水量和春夏秋的降水日数在20世纪70年代和80年代均存在一次明显突变。降水日数和降水量的不同步变化反映发生极端降水事件的概率增加,这对农业生产和生态环境不利。 相似文献
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利用1961-2005年宁夏逐日降水量资料,将降水量划分为9个级别,分析了宁夏45 a来各级别降水日数的变化趋势。结果表明：年降水量以平均3.6 mm/10 a的速率减少;近15 a来,冬、春季降水量明显减少,夏、秋季10.0 mm以下降水日数明显减少,25.0 mm以上降水日数明显增加。以1986年为界的气候变暖前后25.1～50.0 mm级别的降水日数夏季和年增加的显著性概率分别达到了5%和1%,降水频率分布呈现向高级别降水量增加的变化趋势。 相似文献
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1961-2005年宁夏极端降水事件变化趋势分析 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
利用1961-2005年宁夏逐日降水量资料,将降水量划分为9个级别,分析了宁夏45 a来各级别降水日数的变化趋势。结果表明：年降水量以平均3.6 mm/10 a的速率减少;近15 a来,冬、春季降水量明显减少,夏、秋季10.0 mm以下降水日数明显减少,25.0 mm以上降水日数明显增加。以1986年为界的气候变暖前后25.1～50.0 mm级别的降水日数夏季和年增加的显著性概率分别达到了5%和1%,降水频率分布呈现向高级别降水量增加的变化趋势。 相似文献