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1.
利用长时间再分析资料和台站观测资料以及反映太阳周期活动的太阳黑子数资料,研究了太阳活动11年周期对东亚冬季风与随后夏季风关系的影响和过程。结果表明,弱(强)的东亚冬季风后的次年春、夏季在西北太平洋上空往往出现反气旋(气旋)式环流异常。通过将东亚冬季风指数分解为与ENSO有关的部分以及与ENSO无关的部分,进一步证实东亚冬、夏季风之间的联系主要来自于与ENSO有关的东亚冬季风异常。在此基础上着重分析了太阳活动对东亚冬、夏季风关系的影响和过程。研究表明,太阳活动显著影响了东亚冬季风与ENSO的关系,在太阳活动偏低年ENSO与东亚冬季风的关系更为密切。并且,对应与ENSO有关的东亚冬季风异常,当太阳活动偏低(LS)时西北太平洋附近的异常反气旋明显增强,范围扩大,其西北侧的西南气流强度偏强并向北延伸,从而使春季多雨地区绵延到内蒙古乃至西北地区;而夏季降水主要集中在长江流域中游,表明是一个强的夏季风年。然而,在太阳活动偏高(HS)年的次年春、夏季,不论是环流异常还是降水场的异常都明显偏弱。这说明东亚冬季风与随后夏季风的关系在LS年要比HS年更紧密。对海温异常的分析则进一步表明,LS(HS)年从冬季至夏季与ENSO有关的东亚冬季风异常相联系的印度洋及热带西太平洋海温正相关范围明显偏大(小);而赤道东太平洋的显著正海温异常衰减迅速(缓慢)。上述海温异常的差异是西北太平洋反气旋能否从冬季持续到夏季的重要原因,并可以很好地解释太阳活动对东亚冬、夏季风关系的影响。  相似文献   

2.
准两年振荡及其对东亚大气环流和气候的影响   总被引:13,自引:6,他引:13  
李崇银  龙振夏 《大气科学》1992,16(2):167-176
通过多年资料分析,本文研究了平流层准两年振荡(QBO)的演变特征及其对东亚及西太平洋地区大气环流和气候变化的影响.结果表明,平流层QBO的演变特征是:东风向西风转换最早出现在印度洋赤道地区;西风向东风转换最早出现在美洲和西太平洋赤道地区.中国东部降水量、气温以及西太平洋副高和东亚急流都有准两年周期变化,并同平流层QBO有密切关系;平流层QBO对西太平洋台风活动也有一定影响,QBO的西风位相期西太平洋台风偏少.另外,ENSO对于平流层QBO有明显影响,一般在ENSO发生之后,QBO的西风位相期持续时间缩短.  相似文献   

3.
National Meteorological Information Center (NMIC) rainfall data and NCEP/NCAR daily circulation reanalysis data are employed to establish the onset-pentad time index of the spring persistent rains (SPR) and the decay-pentad time index of the South China Sea (SCS) sub-high. These indexes are used to study the relationship between the factors in SPR period and their relations to the circulation and precipitation of the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM). Results show that, the summer rainfall over southeastern China decreases when SPR onset is late. For then EASM strengthens and the cyclonic circulation around the Tibetan Plateau (TP) strengthens, which makes abnormal anti-cyclonic circulation (cyclonic convergent circulation weakens) appear over southeastern China. When the decay of SCS sub-high delays, abnormal flood prevails over the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River (MLYR) and to the south. That is mainly caused by EASM weakening while SCS sub-high strengthening, then the abnormal southwesterly over South China and the abnormal northerlies of anti-cyclonic circulation around the TP converge over the Yangtze Valley. The two indexes have high correlations with multivariate ENSO index (MEI) in March, indicating that the climate abnormity in East Asia is related to global climate abnormity tightly. The two time indexes are independent of each other, which is favorable for the prediction of the anomalies of the circulation and precipitation of EASM. From this point of view, we must take the global climate background into account when we analyze and predict the East Asian summer circulation and precipitation.  相似文献   

4.
干旱具有发生频率高、持续时间长、波及范围广的特点。而干旱预报为科学地进行防旱抢险提供了决策支持。选取反映不同类型干旱的指标,即标准化降雨指标(SPI)、标准化土壤湿度指标(SSWI)和标准化径流指标(SRI),通过SWAT模型和带有时滞的灰色关联判断了各干旱之间的时滞。以陆浑水库控制流域为例进行了分析,结果表明:SWAT模型在该流域有很好的适用性,1975—2009年间发生各类干旱的次数在增加,且变率上从气象干旱、农业干旱到水文干旱有所增加,同时不同类型干旱之间表现出了一定的时滞关系,气象干旱对农业干旱的响应时间为1个月;水文干旱对气象干旱的响应时间为4个月;水文干旱对农业干旱的响应时间为2个月。  相似文献   

5.
In this study, using the ECMWF reanalysis data, the possible linkage between the Pacific-North American teleconnection pattern (PNA) and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) during boreal winter (December– February) is investigated. The PNA and the NAO pattern are obtained by performing Rotated Empirical Orthogonal Function (REOF) analysis on an anomalous daily mean 300-hPa geopotential height field. The composite daily NAO indices show that the NAO indices are prone to be negative (positive) when the conte...  相似文献   

6.
7.
利用中分辨率光谱仪(MODIS)获得的气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)、细粒子比例(FMF)和臭氧检测仪(OMI)获得的气溶胶指数(AI)统计分析了2005—2014年我国华东地区气溶胶光学性质的时空分布特征,同时利用潜在源分析(PSCF)模型对我国华东地区AOD和AI的潜在源区进行分析。研究结果表明:华东地区的AOD、FMF和AI时空分布存在较大的差异,2005—2014年AOD和AI的平均值高值主要分布在华东地区北部,FMF的高值区则分布在华东南部地区;10 a间华东地区AOD呈现出先升高后降低的趋势,FMF波动幅度不明显,AI值有所上升;整个华东地区AOD的季节变化较为明显,春夏两季AOD明显高于秋冬两季。华东北部和中部地区夏季由于较高的相对湿度,AOD最大可达0.8以上。而在华东南部地区,夏季受到降水的影响,AOD维持在0.2~0.4之间。FMF季节变化趋势与AOD不同,夏季最大达到0.58,春季最小仅为0.26。AI平均值在冬季最大高达0.63,夏季最小,为0.27。PSCF分析显示华东地区AOD主要源区以局地排放为主,同时也存在由河南、湖北和湖南等周边省市近距离输送影响;AI以局地和北方远距离输送为主,同时也受到河南、湖北等周边省市近距离输送的影响。  相似文献   

8.
青藏高原上中尺度对流系统(MCSs)的个例分析及其比较   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
对1995年7月25—28日高原上连续数日出现MCSs的现象进行了红外云图特征及其演变、大尺度环境背景场和对流有效位能的分析。可以发现,所有这些MCSs有着相似的日变化演变过程;它们的初始对流在中午由于日射加热开始活跃,之后迅速发展,这些MCSs在后下午形成,在傍晚达到最强,之后逐渐减弱。其中26日MCS最为强大,它是在单一的强大的近于圆形的高原反气旋高压背景下受强的低层热力强迫和条件不稳定的驱动而发生的。这些发生条件都与高原本身的热力作用紧密相关,所以它的发生发展主要与高原特有的较为纯粹的热力因子相联系。28日MCS是另一个很强的MCS,它明显地受到中纬度西风槽的斜压区的影响,这二个很强的MCS有着不同的发展机制和显著不同的表现特征。  相似文献   

9.
巴黎气候会议(COP21)达成了包括《巴黎协定》在内的重要成果,丰富和深化了应对气候变化的一揽子长期目标。1.5℃温升控制目标意味着全球管控气候风险的政治意愿得到强化,减缓温室气体排放的路径得到初步勾勒。在未来的科学评估和政治谈判中,全球各区域甚至是各个排放大国的排放空间、排放路径和减缓需求将会进一步清晰化和定量化,还会丰富和深化自上而下的国际气候合作规则,结合当前以国家自主决定贡献(INDC)为特征的、主要以自下而上方式推进全球气候治理的新模式,将对发展中国家、尤其是发展中排放大国的排放配额与发展空间产生重要影响,并进一步影响各国制定其国家贡献目标与行动的自主性。  相似文献   

10.
11.
孟加拉湾西南季风与南海热带季风季节内振荡特征的比较   总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2  
李汀  琚建华 《气象学报》2013,71(3):492-504
采用美国国家环境预报中心的向外长波辐射和风场资料及日本气象厅的降水资料,用30-60d滤波后的夏季风指数在孟加拉湾和南海的区域平均值分别代表孟加拉湾西南季风和南海热带季风季节内振荡,对两支季风的季节内振荡特征进行比较分析,发现孟加拉湾西南季风的季节内振荡和南海热带季风的季节内振荡在夏季风期间(5-10月)都有约3次半的波动.夏季风期间,在阿拉伯海-西太平洋纬带上,夏季风的季节内振荡有4次从阿拉伯海的东传和3次从西太平洋的西传,其中7月后东传可直达西太平洋.孟加拉湾和南海在夏季风期间都有4次季节内振荡的经向传播,但孟加拉湾在约15°N以南为季节内振荡从热带东印度洋的北传,在约15°N以北则为副热带季风季节内振荡的南传;而在南海则是4次季节内振荡从热带的北传.在以孟加拉湾西南季风季节内振荡和南海热带季风季节内振荡分别划分的6个位相中,都存在1-3位相和4-6位相中低频对流、环流形势相反的特征,这是由热带东印度洋季节内振荡的东传和北传所致.热带印度洋季节内振荡沿西南-东北向经过约14d传到孟加拉湾,激发了孟加拉湾西南季风季节内振荡的东传,经过约6d到达南海,激发了南海热带季风季节内振荡的北传,经过约25d到达华南,形成热带印度洋季节内振荡向华南的经纬向接力传播(45d).孟加拉湾西南季风季节内振荡所影响的降水主要是在20°N以南的热带雨带随低频对流的东移而东移;而南海热带季风季节内振荡所影响的降水除了这种热带雨带随低频对流的东移外,还有在20°N以北的东亚副热带地区存在雨带随南海低频对流的北移而北移.  相似文献   

12.
江淮地区极端降水特征及其变化趋势的研究   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
利用1961~2011年江淮地区5~9月无缺测的71站逐日降水资料,做基于POT(Peaks-Over-Threshold)的广义Pareto分布(GPD),研究江淮地区极端降水的分布特征及其变化趋势。结果表明:(1)皖赣交界处阈值最大,西北和东南部较小,且江淮大部分地区阈值的线性趋势系数为正,其中湖北东部和江西北部的站点,趋势达0.8 mm(10 a)-1以上,并通过了显著性水平0.01的MK(Mann-Kendall)检验。(2)江淮地区中东部多存在连续性极端降水,因此文中采用基于极值指数的自动分串技术获得近似独立的极值样本。(3)尺度参数大值区位于江淮南部,西北、东南以及淮河以北较小,且线性趋势系数在大部分地区均表现为正值,表明出现降水极大值的概率增加。(4)皖赣鄂交界处是极端降水发生概率大值区,而西北、东南及安徽中部地区较小,且极端降水在大部分地区有增加的趋势,特别是在大别山附近及河南东部,2年和20年重现水平的趋势分别达6 mm(10 a)-1和20 mm(10 a)-1以上。  相似文献   

13.
In this study, the dynamics of track deflection associated with Tropical Cyclone (TC) Sidr (2007) are explored using a numerical weather prediction model. It is found that (a) the simulated track of Sidr is sensitive to flow, orographic, and model vertical structure that change the environmental steering flow leading to the track deflection. In particular, the track of TC Sidr is deflected northwestward for cases with lower domain height, horizontal domain covering only part of Himalaya mountains, and varying mountain heights; (b) the simulated track of TC Sidr, when compared with GFS reanalysis data, is mainly controlled by its deep-layer environmental steering flow as a point vortex; (c) the northwestward deflection with lower domain height is caused by an artificially larger high pressure at lower levels in the vicinity of the Himalayas, due to the upward propagation of wave energy being reflected by the upper domain boundary; (d) the significant northwestward deflection associated with the varying mountain height cases is due to the cyclone vortex being advected by the northeasterly monsoonal flow, which is blocked by the mountains in the corresponding cases with mountains; (e) the northeastward track deflection after the landfall of Sidr is explained by the addition of the frictional force.In summary, the model vertical domain height and the Himalaya mountain representation play key roles in influencing the accuracy of TC Sidr track simulation, compared with other factors, such as the vertical resolution, at least for TC Sidr.  相似文献   

14.
杨亚新  邱新法 《气象》2009,35(5):83-90
为提高热带气旋的短期气候预测水平,利用1950-2005年西北太平洋热带气旋(TC)和表层水温(SST)资料,分析了西北太平洋TC生成位置分布的一般气候特征,季节、年际变化特征及其与局地SST之间的关系,同时还探讨了TC强度、路径与TC生成位置之间的关系.结果表明,西北太平洋存在4个TC高频源地,分别是南海中北部偏东洋面、菲律宾以东附近洋面、关岛附近洋面和马绍尔群岛附近洋面,其中关岛附近洋面TC发生数最多,是TC发生的一个主要源地.TC生成位置分布存在显著的季节和年际变化特征,这种变化与局地SST存在密切的关系,局地SST升高,TC生成位置偏西、偏北,反之,则偏东、偏南.同时发现,TC生成位置西北边界与月平均SST的27.5℃等温线具有较好的匹配关系,绝大多数TC都发生在月平均SST≥27.5℃的海区.TC强度、路径与TC生成位置之间存在一定的关系.TC生成位置偏东偏南,其发展强度相对较强,路径偏东偏南,可导致影响我国南部海区和日本东部沿海的TC个数增加;TC生成位置偏西偏北,其发展强度相对较弱,路径偏西北,可导致影响我国东部和北部沿海的TC个数增加.  相似文献   

15.
The stratospheric polar vortex breakup (SPVB) is an important phenomenon closely related to the seasonal transition of stratospheric circulation. In this paper, 62-year NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data were employed to investigate the distinction between early and late SPVB. The results showed that the anomalous circulation signals extending from the stratosphere to the troposphere were reversed before and after early SPVB, while the stratospheric signals were consistent before and after the onset of late SPVB. Arctic Oscillation (AO) evolution during the life cycle of SPVB also demonstrated that the negative AO signal can propagate downward after early SPVB. Such downward AO signals could be identified in both geopotential height and temperature anomalies. After the AO signal reached the lower troposphere, it influenced the Aleutian Low and Siberian High in the troposphere, leading to a weak winter monsoon and large-scale warming at mid latitudes in Asia. Compared to early SPVB, downward propagation was not evident in late SPVB. The high-latitude tropospheric circulation in the Northern Hemisphere was affected by early SPVB, causing it to enter a summer circulation pattern earlier than in late SPVB years.  相似文献   

16.
The seasonal and interannual variations of the thermal contrast between Indo-China Peninsula (ICP)and South China Sea (SCS) were analyzed using the pentad mean NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data during 1958-1998 and the pentad mean outgoing long-wave radiation (OLR) data during 1975{1998, along with the effects of such a thermal contrast on the SCS monsoon onset (SCSMO). It is shown that there exists significant seasonal evolution for such a thermal contrast. The surface temperature of ICP is higher than that of SCS from pentad 3 to pentad 25 due to the sensible heating of the ICP. After pentad 25, such a thermal gradient reverses due to the temperature decrease resulted from the convection and rainfall over the ICP from pentad 22 to pentad 23. Furthermore, the above seasonal evolution of the discussed thermal contrast also demonstrates a remarkable interannual change which plays an important role in the SCSMO.On one hand, the reversion happens prior to (or simultaneously with) the SCSMO each year during 1958-1998, thus becoming a precondition for the SCSMO. On the other hand, the earlier (later) the date when the surface temperature of ICP becomes higher (lower) than that of the SCS, the later the SCSMO.  相似文献   

17.
This study evaluates the ability of the global coupled climate models in hindcasting the Arctic Oscillation (AO) and Antarctic Oscillation (AAO). The results show that the models can well simulate the spatial distribution of AO with better results in winter than in spring. In the troposphere in spring, the simulation of AO on the whole is still relatively good with a comparatively high correlation with the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis. The models can also well reproduce the spatial distribution of AAO throughout the year at all levels of the troposphere, and the spatial simulation is better at 850 hPa than at the surface. Although the simulation is better in winter than in other seasons, the seasonal variation is not so significant and the differences among different models are relatively small. In addition, the capability of the models for “predicting” the AO and the AAO index time series is limited, because only a few models can capture their observed interannual variability at the 95% significance level.  相似文献   

18.
By analyzing the Fractal Dimension(FD) distribution of the Short-range Climate system(SCS) in China, it is found that the FD varies in different region and this just agrees with the regionally of the monsoon climate in China. The FD of the SCS Lays between 2.0 and 5.0. In the vast eastern area of China, the FD almost grows gradually with the latitude. Line 4.0 is along the mountain chains from the Nanlin Mountain to the Wuyi Mountain. North of the line the FD varies only slightly and all are above 4.0. Only in coastal islands the FD is smaller than 3.0.  相似文献   

19.
研究评估了耦合气候模式对冬、春季北极涛动(AO)和南极涛动(AAO)的预测效能。结果表明,模式对于北极涛动和南极涛动的模拟能力都是比较强的,其中,对冬季的模拟能力要强于春季。冬季,几乎所有的模式都能很好地模拟出对流层内北极涛动的空间分布形态特点,空间相关系数很高。春季,大部分模式的模拟结果仍然是比较好,与再分析资料结果的空间相关性比较高。对于南极涛动,模式在全年对流层各个层次上都能比较好地刻画其空间分布,且模式在850hPa等压面上的空间模拟效能要稍强于海平面。相对来说,冬季的模拟效果也稍强于其他季节,但是,差异不显著,模式与模式的差别也比较小。另外,模式对于北极涛动和南极涛动的时间序列模拟能力有限,时间序列相关系数只有少数几个模式达到显著性水平。  相似文献   

20.
应用NCEP FNL再分析资料及位涡分离反演等方法,对华南沿海2011年7月15—18日持续暴雨过程中季风槽与中尺度对流系统的相互作用进行了研究,主要针对暴雨发生期间季风槽气旋性涡度向上发展的机理及其对季风槽维持发展和中尺度对流系统活动的影响进行分析。结果发现,季风槽的中尺度对流系统发展于弱斜压性环境中,大多在槽东西两端涡度中心区发展最强。南侧盛行的西南低空急流为对流反复发生提供了对流发展的“可维持性”条件,是对流得以组织发展成为中尺度对流系统的重要原因。涡度收支诊断表明,季风槽气旋性涡度生成主要由中尺度对流系统低层辐合引起。位涡分离反演结果证实,季风槽气旋性环流增强主要由与中尺度对流系统潜热加热相关的扰动位涡造成,并随着中尺度对流系统加热峰值高度升高而向上发展,是大尺度环流对中尺度对流系统潜热加热动力响应的结果。在季风槽东西两端,由于中尺度对流系统发展强烈且持续,具有更高的加热效率,引起的气旋性涡度向上发展最为明显。其结果可引起中尺度对流系统西南一侧向北非地转风发展,并在地转偏向力作用下增强西风,维持低空急流的发展,为对流反复发生提供条件。这些都说明季风槽大尺度环流与中尺度对流系统相互作用在中尺度对流系统和持续暴雨形成过程中有重要作用。  相似文献   

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