共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
广西来宾蓬莱滩剖面中上二叠统硅质岩的地球化学特征及沉积背景 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
广西来宾地区中上二叠统广泛发育硅质岩,蓬莱滩剖面和铁桥剖面是本地区中上二叠统出露最好的剖面.本文对蓬莱滩剖面28件硅质岩(分别为中二叠统茅口组3件与上二叠统合山组25件)的主量和稀土元素进行了分析研究,并结合岩石学特征,认为:蓬莱滩剖面合山组硅质岩沉积于受到陆源物质影响的边缘海盆环境,它们的硅质主要来源于硅质生物,为生物成因;而其茅口组硅质岩则沉积于远离陆源物质影响的边缘海盆环境,它们的硅质主要来源于热液,为热液成因.通过与铁桥剖面的热液成因硅质岩的沉积背景对比研究,结果表明:中晚二叠世时期,来宾地区为富硅的边缘海盆环境,而陆源物质输入程度的差异是造成本地区形成不同成因硅质岩的主要因素. 相似文献
2.
3.
广西晚古生代硅岩的地球化学及其形成的大地构造环境 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
广西晚古生代泥盆、石炭纪和二叠纪地层中广泛发育放射虫硅岩，在桂西百色、那坡一带这些地层中的硅岩与玄武岩伴生。而钦州、柳州及河池一带未见到玄武岩。对这些地区硅岩的主元素、微量元素及稀土元素的研究表明：不同地区的硅岩有不同的成因，百色、那坡地区的硅岩形成在深水远洋环境并受到海底火山及热液作用的影响；钦州板城地区的硅岩以生物成因为主；而柳州、河池的硅岩属于离火山、热液活动稍远的生物成因。玄武岩的发现及硅岩成因的判别对探讨广西晚古生代大地构造环境及演化具有重要意义。 相似文献
4.
《地学前缘(英文版)》2023,14(1):101478
The Ediacaran to early Cambrian Blovice accretionary complex, Bohemian Massif, hosts abundant chert bodies that formed on an oceanic plate and were involved in subduction beneath the northern margin of Gondwana. Field relationships of cherts to their host, their microstructure and elemental as well as isotopic compositions revealed diverse processes of chert petrogenesis reflecting depositional environment and position on the oceanic plate. The deep-water cherts formed through a hydrothermal precipitation of silica-rich gels on outer trench swell of the subducted slab with none or only minor addition of terrigenous material. On the contrary, the shallow-water cherts formed in lagoons on seamount slopes, and at least some of them represent a product of hydrothermal replacement of former carbonate and/or evaporite precursors. For both chert types, the hydrothermal fluids were of low temperature and continuous pervasive hydrothermal alteration of oceanic crust, together with an elevated Si content in Neoproterozoic seawater, served as the major source of silica. On the other hand, minor carbon enrichment in chert is mostly linked to variable incorporation of organic matter that was deposited on the seafloor. Rare earth element (REE) systematics of the cherts indicate predominantly oxygenated environment for the shallow-water cherts whereas the deep-water cherts were deposited in diverse redox conditions, depending on their distance from hydrothermal vent. Using these data, we demonstrate that the cherts once formed a part of Ocean Plate Stratigraphy (OPS) now dismembered and mixed with terrigenous siliciclastic material to form OPS mélanges. Combining our data with those from the existing literature, we show that cherts can serve as significant markers of OPS since the Archean, recording a complex interplay between seafloor-related volcanic (production of MORB- and OIB-like magmas) and sedimentary processes, hydrothermal activity at mid-ocean ridges and seamount chains as well as at outer slopes of subducting slabs. However, the cherts also exhibit a secular change in composition and petrogenesis most profoundly affected by an overturn in seawater silica cycle across the Precambrian–Phanerozoic boundary. 相似文献
5.
Sedimentary chert phases from the Archean to the present are widely used to trace sedimentary environments and tectonic settings. Recently,chert nodules occurring within carbonates have been the subject of possible hydrothermal or biogenic origin,in lieu of a diagenetic origin.However,chert nodules from a vast cratonic basin represent extremely rich silica accumulations but less noted is how they respond to submarine hydrothermal activity (and/or surface siliceous organism productivity). The links between the cratonic-type chert depositions and environmental changes regarding cratonic evolution need to be revisited at a large temporal-spatial scale. The chert nodules are widespread throughout the Lower Permian Taiyuan Formation in the North China Craton (NCC).Several Taiyuan chert-rich successions across the NCC have been selected to study possible links between chert deposition and cratonic evolution in scenario of partial cratonic activation of the northern NCC margin during the Late Paleozoic.Based on stratigraphic correlation,the chert nodules are ubiquitously,evenly distributed throughout the Taiyuan Formation at a large craton-basin scale from the northern to southern interior NCC.Petrological results,elemental abundances,together with silicon and oxygen isotopic compositions of chert samples infer significant hydrothermal contributions for the silica accumulations. Therefore, the cratonic-scale chert depositions of hydrothermal origin infer a giant and remote silica reservoir,linking to the large igneous province and magmatism in the NCC northern margins.The Taiyuan chert nodules could be unique marine sedimentary archives recording the Late Paleozoic NCC partial activation,which also generated continental records of igneous rocks,bauxites and tuffs.The strong tectonics of the northern margin,south-dipping topography and northward transgression of the Early Permian NCC facilitated the chert deposition on the shallow marine platform in the cratonic interior. 相似文献
6.
硅质岩作为一种重要的沉积岩类型,是研究前新生代古海洋环境的重要手段,但其缺乏在氧化-还原环境方面的应用。同时硅质岩是黑色岩系的重要组成部分,拓展硅质岩在该方面的应用研究,有利于加深对黑色岩系形成机理的认识。本文综述了硅质岩的现有研究方法、黑色岩系中黑色页岩和硅质岩研究的局限性和互补性,并论述了将Mo-U等氧化-还原敏感金属多指标判别方法应用于硅质岩,用来判断氧化-还原环境和盆地局限性等方面的理论可行性。在分析扬子地块及其周缘黑色岩系及硅质岩研究现状的基础上,认为将在黑色页岩使用成熟的氧化-还原环境研究方法应用于互层的(热水沉积)硅质岩,理论上具有可行性,并在扬子地块西北缘若尔盖地区奥陶-志留纪黑色岩系中互层的黑色页岩和热水沉积硅质岩岩性组合中得到进一步验证。该方法的应用可深化对扬子地块西北缘黑色岩系沉积环境特殊性及其中U-Au-Ni-Mo-V多金属矿源层的认识。 相似文献
7.
8.
The Origin of Bedded Cherts of the Early Permian Gufeng Formation in the Lower Yangtze Area, Eastern China 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Xia Bangdong Zhong Lirong Fang Zhong Lu HongboDepartment of Earth Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing Jiangsu Fei Zhenbi 《《地质学报》英文版》1995,69(4):372-386
Bedded cherts occurring in the Early Permian Gufeng Formation in the Lower Yangtze region, eastern China, are nearly 20-80 m in thickness and contain varying amounts of radiolarians and sponge spicules. There are three types of section for the Gufeng Formation: chert, carbonate and chert-carbonate mixing types. Bedded cherts mainly occur in the first and third types of section. The depocentres of silica are marked by some small (not larger than a few thousand square kilometres in area) rhombic or elliptic hollows and their formation was controlled by faults. Argillaceous volcanic rocks in cherts occur as numerous thin layers. Bedded cherts are characterized by higher Fe and lower Al contents, enrichment in such trace elements as As, Sb, Bi, Ga, Au, Ag and Cr, lower total REE abundance, negative Ce anomaly and varying degrees of HREE enrichment. These characteristics are important evidence for hydrothermal cherts. Minor amounts of substances of non-hydrothermal origin are mixed in the cherts. The tempera 相似文献
9.
10.
RICHARD J. BEHL 《Sedimentology》2011,58(2):325-351
Chert spheroids are distinctive, early‐diagenetic features that occur in bedded siliceous deposits spanning the Phanerozoic. These features are distinct in structure and genesis from similar, concentrically banded ‘wood‐grain’ or ‘onion‐skin’ chert nodules from carbonate successions. In the Miocene Monterey Formation of California (USA), chert spheroids are irregular, concentrically banded nodules, which formed by a unique version of brittle differential compaction that results from the contrasting physical properties of chert and diatomite. During shortening, there is brittle fracture of diatomite around, and horizontally away from, the convex surface of strain‐resistant chert nodules. Unlike most older siliceous deposits, the Monterey Formation still preserves all stages of silica diagenesis, thus retaining textural, mineralogical and geochemical features key to unravelling the origin of chert spheroids and other enigmatic chert structures. Chert spheroids found in opal‐A diatomite form individual nodules composed of alternating bands of impure opal‐CT chert and pure opal‐CT or chalcedony. With increased burial diagenesis, surrounding diatomite transforms to bedded porcelanite or chert, and spheroids no longer form discrete nodules, yet still display characteristic concentric bands of pure and impure microcrystalline quartz and chalcedony. Petrographic observations show that the purer silica bands are composed of void‐filling cement that precipitated in curved dilational fractures, and do not reflect geochemical growth‐banding in the manner of Liesegang phenomena invoked to explain concentrically banded chert nodules in limestone. Chertification of bedded siliceous sediment can occur more shallowly (< 100 m) and rapidly (< 1 Myr) than the bulk silica phase transitions forming porcelanite or siliceous shale in the Monterey Formation and other hemipelagic/pelagic siliceous deposits. Early diagenesis is indicated by physical properties, deformational style and oxygen‐isotopic composition of chert spheroids. Early‐formed cherts formed by pore‐filling impregnation of the purest primary diatomaceous beds, along permeable fractures and in calcareous–siliceous strata. 相似文献
11.
二叠纪-三叠纪之交生物灭绝主要受古环境演变的控制.然而,古地理、古构造背景和生物自身因素(如生物的生理特
征)也影响着生物的演化规律及空间分布.从沉积学、放射虫古测深以及生物组合等方面对扬子海盆及其周缘的古地理特征进
行了详细研究,重建其古地理和古构造背景,为华南古-中生代之交生物和环境演化的全球可对比性提供了古地理依据.研究
表明:(1)扬子海盆北缘,从南往北,水体逐渐变深,面向东秦岭-大别深海;扬子海盆南缘深水盆地,从北往南,水体也是逐渐
变深,面向古特提斯洋盆.扬子海盆边缘面向广海表明扬子海盆二叠纪末生物和环境演化具有区域上广泛的代表性甚至全球
意义.(2)扬子海盆北缘盆地的古水深普遍小于南缘深水盆地的古水深.(3)华北板块与华南板块的最终碰撞发生在二叠纪以
后;钦防地区晚古生代为洋盆环境(古特提斯的分支小洋盆),该洋盆一直延续到二叠纪末甚至三叠纪,因此,扬子和华夏古构
造体系西南段的最终碰撞和拼合可能发生在二叠纪末甚至三叠纪. 相似文献
12.
塔里木下寒武统富有机质沉积层段地球化学特征及意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
塔里木盆地寒武系下统玉尔吐斯组底部富有机质沉积层段分布广泛,层位稳定,其中的硅质岩发育,并伴有磷矿产出.硅质岩的Al(Al Fe Mn)和Si/(Si Al Fe)比值分别在0.0023～0.0046和0.965～0.98之间,表明其形成于海底热水沉积环境,远离陆源区.富有机质沉积层段明显富集As、Hg、Pb、Zn、Cu、Co、P、V、Ba等微量元素,富集系数F(N)远大于1.Ba/Sr比值远远大于1,与现代海底热水沉积物中的Ba/Sr比值相似,具有明显的海底热水沉积特征;Th/U和V/Sc比值显示其形成与海洋缺氧事件有关,而导致缺氧事件发生的主要原因则是海底火山作用及其与之相伴的海底热水流体活动. 相似文献
13.
14.
雅鲁藏布江缝合带及藏南地区硅质岩微组构特征及其地质意义 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：10
在雅鲁藏布江缝合带及藏南地区产出红、绿、黑、褐等多色调的中生代硅质岩.石英是它们的主要矿物,但不同样品的石英晶体微形貌各有特征,X衍射和红外吸收光谱特征表现出细微差别.夏鲁和彭错林分别作为生物成因和热水成因硅质岩的代表,它们在矿物演化路径、石英晶体微形貌和集合体微结构存在差异,为利用微组构区分不同成因硅质岩提供了参考依据.在夏鲁硅质岩中生物化石残骸内存在方英石和玉髓,为反演生物成因硅质岩的矿物演变序列提供了很好的证据.硅质岩成岩过程中微组构演变和元素迁移具有良好的对应关系.石英在重结晶过程中对杂质元素的剔除作用是促使某些微量元素产生富集的重要机制.从微组构角度切入硅质岩研究是一种新的研究思路,它综合运用微区微束手段对硅质岩的微观组构特征进行测试,进而探讨微观组构信息所指示的地质意义.结果对探讨硅质岩的成因、演化和藏南地区硅质岩容矿型Au-Sb-Cs矿床的成矿机理具有重要的指导作用. 相似文献
15.
在泰国北部难河构造带Pha Som变质杂岩中发现保存很好的放射虫硅质岩、玄武岩地层层序.层状硅质岩含放射虫化石Follicucullus porrectus, 地质时代为中二叠世晚期至晚二叠世早期.其硅质岩SiO2含量均在92.5%以上, Al/ (Al+Fe+Mn) 平均比值为0.51, Ce/Ce*比值为1.14, 为大陆边缘型硅质岩.玄武岩具有富集大离子亲石元素与高场强元素以及轻稀土富集等洋岛玄武岩的特点.说明难河构造带中-晚二叠世之交存在洋岛型火山岩和靠近大陆边缘的深海盆地硅质岩, 代表了小洋盆的沉积组合.该构造带闭合时间应在晚二叠世与晚三叠世之间. 相似文献
16.
甘肃北山地区红山铁矿区硅质岩与铁矿体紧密伴生,且有些硅质岩本身就是铁矿石。常量元素分析表明:硅质岩普遍具有高Si、高Fe、低Al特征,K2O含量普遍高于Na2O,且Fe/Ti值为57.14～218.74,(Fe+Mn)/Ti值为57.54～224.16,Al/(Al+Fe+Mn)值为0.05～0.14,均符合热水沉积硅质岩的特征,但存在少量陆源物质介入。稀土微量元素分析表明:硅质岩大部分微量元素相对于克拉克值亏损,稀土元素总量低,经北美页岩标准化后,Ce异常明显或微明显,Eu呈现明显的正异常,重稀土相对轻稀土富集;δCe值为0.93～1.05,平均为0.99;La/Ce值为0.43～0.49,平均为0.44,更接近于大陆边缘硅质岩的特征。综合以上地球化学特征,硅质岩具有明显的热水沉积成因属性,同时有陆源组分的加入,进而得出红山铁矿为与热水沉积成因有关的铁矿床,当时形成环境为大陆边缘环境。 相似文献
17.
Mark A. van Zuilen Marc Chaussidon Claire Rollion-Bard Bernard Marty 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2007,71(3):655-669
Carbonaceous matter occurring in chert deposits of the 3.4-3.2 Ga old Barberton Greenstone Belt (BGB), South Africa, has experienced low grade regional metamorphism and variable degrees of local hydrothermal alteration. Here a detailed study is presented of in situ analysis of carbonaceous particles by LRS (laser Raman spectroscopy) and SIMS (secondary ion mass spectrometry), reporting degree of structural disorder, carbon isotope ratio and nitrogen-to-carbon ratio. This combination of in situ analytical tools is used to interpret the δ13C values of only the best preserved carbonaceous remains, enabling the rejection of non-indigenous (unmetamorphosed) material as well as the exclusion of strongly hydrothermally altered carbonaceous particles. Raman spectroscopy confirmed that all carbonaceous cherts studied here have experienced a regional sub- to lower-greenschist facies metamorphic event. Although this identifies these organics as indigenous to the cherts, it is inferred from petrographic observations that hydrothermal alteration has caused small scale migration and re-deposition of organics. This suggest that morphological interpretation of these carbonaceous particles, and in general of putative microfossils or microlaminae in hydrothermally altered early Archean cherts, should be made with caution. A chert in the Hooggenoeg Formation, which is older than and has been hydrothermally altered by a volcanic event 3445 Ma ago, contains strongly altered carbonaceous particles with a uniform N/C-ratio of 0.001 and a range of δ13C that is shifted from its original value. Cherts of the Kromberg Formation post-date this volcanic event, and contain carbonaceous particles with a N/C-ratio between 0.002 and 0.006. Both the Buck Reef Chert and the Footbridge Chert of the Kromberg Formation have retained fairly well-preserved δ13C values, with ranges from −34‰ to −24‰ and −40‰ to −32 ‰, respectively. Abiologic reactions associated with hydrothermal serpentinization of ultramafic crust (such as Fischer-Tropsch synthesis) were an unlikely source for carbonaceous material in these cherts. The carbonaceous matter in these cherts has all the characteristics of metamorphosed biologic material. 相似文献
18.
19.
运用岩石学和地球化学的方法研究滇东南丘北地区晚二叠世吴家坪期硅质岩,取得以下主要认识:（1）滇东南丘北地区硅质岩SiO2/Al2O3值除样品P29外均大于80,Al/（Al+Fe+Mn）为0.46~0.76,表明硅质岩主要为生物成因,受陆源碎屑影响较小;（2）硅质岩Ce/Ce*为0.517~0.858,LaN/CeN为1.12～1.80,经球粒陨石标准化的稀土模式则表现为轻稀土元素富集,且具有明显负Eu异常的右倾型,表明沉积环境为大陆边缘;（3）样品P29硅质岩Eu/Eu*为1.129,反映其受到一定程度热液的影响,可能受峨眉山地幔柱或（和）断裂的共同影响。 相似文献
20.
华南大陆由扬子克拉通和华夏陆块拼合而成,后者具有滇缅泰马(Sibumasu)、印支等互换构造域内诸地块共同的特点。古特提斯洋的一个分支从两广-浙闽东部通过,沟通了以西越南黑水河(SongDa)带和以东环太平洋晚古生代大洋亲缘诸地体。这个分支始于华南中泥盆世的陆内裂陷作用,古生代末扩展成广海。晚二叠世的龙潭组含煤地层和钦防地区的放射虫硅质岩分别代表浅水台地和远海盆地两个不同地形台阶的沉积,中间隔着一个向南倾斜的大陆斜坡。东吴运动在两广交界地区产生磨拉石、混杂堆积,并伴生六万大山等S型花岗岩基,代表云开地块向北的拼贴。类似事件在闽浙东部可能一直持续到晚中生代。 相似文献