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污染土壤中多环芳烃的微生物降解及其机理研究进展 总被引：24，自引：1，他引：24
多环芳烃(PAHs)是一类普遍存在于环境中的难降解危险性“三致”有机污染物。微生物对多环芳烃的降解是去除土壤中多环芳烃的主要途径。研究表明，对于土壤中低分子量多环芳烃类化合物，微生物一般以唯一碳源方式代谢；而大多数细菌和真菌对四环或四环以上的多环芳烃的降解作用一般以共代谢方式开始。本文重点论述了高分子量多环芳烃：芘和苯并(a)芘的微生物降解及其机理。并介绍了多环芳烃污染的微生物—植物联合修复机制，最后展望了污染土壤中多环芳烃的研究趋势。 相似文献
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选取某化工场地作为研究对象,采集不同深度的原状土壤样品和原状地下水样品,对土壤样品和地下水样品的16种优控多环芳烃进行定量分析,研究不同种类的多环芳烃在包气带和饱和带中的分布特征和迁移规律.研究表明,在平面上,多环芳烃在土壤和地下水中的污染高值区与生产车间分布基本一致;在垂向上,土壤中的16种多环芳烃集中分布在杂填土层,低环和中环的多环芳烃更易向下迁移,并在黏土层产生一定的富集,仅有最低环的萘通过包气带迁移至饱和层中,饱和层中的萘一部分在地下水中扩散,一部分仍继续垂向迁移至更深层的土壤中.通过特定分子间的浓度比值,初步判定场地土壤中的多环芳烃来源为原油的不完全燃烧. 相似文献
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介绍了江西南昌某郊区采集的成熟期(2008年9月)和收割期(2008年10月)的水稻籽粒中多环芳烃(PAHs)的富集情况,并与同时期的环境介质(土壤、空气气相以及颗粒物)中多环芳烃的含量及分布情况作了相关性分析。结果表明,研究区水稻籽粒中16种多环芳烃(∑PAHs)总量平均为(74.8±13.6)ng/g,水稻土壤中∑PAHs含量平均为(203.7±14.3)ng/g,空气气相样品中∑PAHs含量平均为68.25 ng/m3,以3环和4环多环芳烃为优势化合物;颗粒物样品中∑PAHs含量平均为42.28 ng/m3,以4环、5环和6环多环芳烃为优势化合物。各介质多环芳烃含量在国内同类地区中均位于中等偏下水平。将多环芳烃在水稻籽粒和各个介质之间的生物富集系数与化合物的辛醇分配系数KOC、KOA作对数变换后比较,发现水稻籽粒中多环芳烃的分布与水稻土和空气颗粒物中的多环芳烃没有太大关系;而与空气气相中的多环芳烃关系较明显,证实了前人得到的气相化合物对植物体内化合物的分配起着主要贡献的研究结论。 相似文献
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近些年,随着我国城市化进程不断加快,土壤中多环芳烃污染已经成为威胁土壤环境质量和人体健康的主要因素。文章采集了北京市通州某改造区15件表层土壤（0~20 cm）样品,利用GC-MS分析技术,研究了土壤中美国环境保护署（USEPA）优控的16种多环芳烃（PAHs）的含量及组分特征,根据多环芳烃的空间分布特征和特定成分之间的浓度比值结合多元统计法分析了其污染来源,初步评价了其污染水平,并进行健康风险评价。结果表明:表层土壤中16种多环芳烃含量范围为6.57~8 307.2 μg/kg,均值为1 004.08 μg/kg。多环芳烃组分特征及Fla与（Fla+Pyr）、BaA与(BaA+Chr)的相对质量比值特征显示改造区是燃煤和汽车尾气混合型来源;多元统计后发现石油烃类污染源和化石燃料燃烧源是两种主要成分。最后参照《污染场地风险评估技术导则（HJ 25.3—2014）》对土壤中PAHs进行了健康风险评价,除苯并（a）芘（BaP）致癌风险值略偏高不可接受外,其余致癌与非致癌风险值均可接受。 相似文献
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从祁连山七-冰川流域各介质中总共检测出2～7环的多环芳烃50多种,其中16种美国EPA优控物质中,只有二氢苊和二苯并[a,h]蒽没有被检测到．雪冰和冰川融水样品中相对富集3环和4环,雪冰不溶微粒和冰尘以及七-冰川周围表层土壤样品主要以4～6环为主,这是由PAHs自身的物理化学性质决定的．荧蒽／芘,菲／蒽比值表明,研究区检测出来的多环芳烃可能主要来自于化石燃料的高温燃烧,特别是煤的燃烧和机车尾气排放产生．大气污染传输与干湿沉降是七-冰川及其周围土壤中PAHs的主要输入途径． 相似文献
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游远航 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2015,45(4):1205-1216
为了解广州地区蔬菜基地有机污染物的分布情况,选取了6个代表性基地进行调查采样,测试分析了表层土壤、蔬菜及灌溉水中15种邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)化合物、16种多环芳烃(PAHs)化合物和19种有机氯农药(OCPs)化合物的质量分数及质量浓度.结果表明:在15种PAEs化合物的总质量分数(w(ΣPAEs))中,土壤样品为158.0~4 321.0 ng/g,蔬菜样品为1 134.0~48 576.0 ng/g;水样中15种PAEs化合物的总质量浓度(ρ(ΣPAEs))为632.0~14 271.0 ng/L;就单个化合物而言,以DiBP、DBP、DEHP三种污染物为主,其三项之和占所有PAEs质量分数的97.5%~99.1%;在16种PAHs化合物的总质量分数(w(ΣPAHs))中,土壤样品为28.48~1 121.96 ng/g,蔬菜样品为238.09~1 000.61 ng/g;水样中16种PAHs化合物的总质量浓度(ρ(ΣPAHs))为338.21~1 239.78 ng/L;在19种OCPs化合物的总质量分数(w(ΣOCPs))中,土壤为0.04~71.28 ng/g,蔬菜为1.08~9.18 ng/g.总体上看,各基地土壤中DBP质量分数均超标,多环芳烃类在灵山、花东、黄埔菜地土壤中存在轻微污染,有机氯农药均未出现污染. 相似文献
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T. N. Nganje A. E. Edet U. J. Ibok E. J. Ukpabio K. A. Ibe P. Neji 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2012,67(1):81-90
The concentrations of total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (??PAHs) and 16 individual PAH compounds in 6 surface water and 44 soil samples collected from the vicinity of spilled fuel from a pipeline which carries fuel from a jetty to the tank farm were analyzed. The ??PAHs concentrations in surface water ranged from 0.37 to 99.30?mg/l with a mean concentration of 57.83?mg/l. The ??PAHs concentrations in water are of several orders of magnitude higher than in unpolluted water and some national and international standards including in some surface water in other parts of the world. This suggests that the surface water of the area were heavily polluted by anthropogenic PAHs possibly from the spills. The total PAH concentrations in soil ranged from 16.06 to 25,547.75???g/kg with a mean concentration of 2,906.36???g/kg. ??PAH concentrations of the seven carcinogenic PAH compounds in soil varied between 0.02 and 97,954???g/kg. In terms of composition of patterns in surface water and soil, the PAHs were dominated by four and three rings. The distribution pattern showed marked predominance by low molecular weight compounds. In comparison with ??PAHs concentrations in other part of the world, the total PAH concentrations of this area were higher than those reported for some urban soils in some regions of the world. The ratios of Phe/Ant, Flu/Pyr, Flu/(Flu?+?Pyr), and BaA/(BaA?+?Chyr) in both water and soil indicated various sources of PAH in the area. These sources include fuel spills, burning of motor tyres and vegetation, vehicle repairs and washing, motor exhaust and fire wood burning from cooking. 相似文献
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表层岩溶带土壤中多环芳烃分布特征及来源解析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)对表层岩溶泉域土壤中的16种优控的多环芳烃(Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, PAHs)含量进行了分析,并对其组成、污染水平和来源进行了探讨。结果表明,16种优控PAHs在表层岩溶泉域土壤中的检出率为100%,其含量介于439.19~3329.72ng/g之间,平均值为1392.44ng/g,7种致癌性PAHs占总量的26%。PAHs的组成特征受地形的控制,随着海拔升高,低环PAHs所占比例升高,高环PAHs比例降低。同分异构体比值分析表明,研究区土壤中的PAHs主要来自于煤、生物质和石油的燃烧排放。研究区土壤中16种PAHs的TEQcarc值介于18.65~501.13ng/g,平均值为140.57ng/g。7种致癌性PAHs占总TEQcarc的比例达到96.8%。研究区表土中,后沟泉域的污染程度最大,次之是兰花沟泉域和柏树湾泉域,水房泉泉域的污染程度最小,但由于柏树湾泉域松针落叶中BaP、PAHs含量较高,松针落叶中PAHs含量分别高达36.36ng/g和2370.1ng/g,土壤生态风险评价中应考虑松针落叶层的潜在影响。 相似文献
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采用加权综合指数法,基于地理信息系统(GIS)技术,综合评价了北京市矿山地质环境并对成因进行分析。结果表明:北京市矿山地质环境呈现不平衡的空间分布特征,较差区分布在西南部(位于门头沟和房山区内)及北部(位于密云县和怀柔区内),占需治理矿山面积的50.8%;一般区除分布在西南部(位于房山区内)外,在中部(位于昌平、平谷、怀柔、顺义和密云县内)也有大面积分布,占需治理矿山面积的41.5%;较好区在西北(位于怀柔区和延庆县内)、西南(位于房山区内)和中部(位于怀柔南部和平谷西部)均有分布,占需治理矿山面积的7.8%。导致矿山地质环境较差区形成的主要成因指标有矿山未治理面积小和岩土体工程地质条件差;主要结果表现指标有占用破坏土地面积大和危害与损失情况严重。 相似文献
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Yuejin Zhang Juan Wang Zhigang Ge Guanlin Guo Shumei Gao 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,71(3):1095-1103
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and nitrated PAH (NPAH) products are toxic. Thus, determination of their concentrations is of great interest to researchers of soil and water pollution control. In this work, soil samples, surface water samples, and groundwater samples were collected, and the concentrations of 16 priority PAHs and 15 NPAHs were determined using an HPLC-ultraviolet detector. Results showed that the total PAH concentrations ranged within 489.69–1,670.11 ng/g (average = 905.89 ng/g) in soil samples, 4.00–23.4 μg/l (average = 9.84 μg/l) in surface water samples, and 2.14–22.3 μg/l (average = 8.37 μg/l) in groundwater samples. The NPAH concentrations were one to two orders of magnitude lower than the PAH concentrations and ranged within 22.72–128.70 ng/g (average = 63.88 ng/g) in soil samples. 2-Nitropyrene and 6-nitrochrysene were the most abundant compounds, accounting for about 14.3 and 26.5 %, respectively. Source analysis revealed that most PAHs originated from coal combustion around the study area, whereas NPAH studies suggested that the primary emission of gasoline engines and daytime OH reactions were the dominant sources of these compounds. 相似文献
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Levels and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in selected irrigated urban agricultural soils in Accra, Ghana 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous organic pollutants in urban environments including urban soils. Elevated concentrations of PAHs in urban soils are caused by incomplete combustion of petroleum and coal. This study assesses 16 individual PAH compounds in a total of 112 surficial soil samples. The objective was to assess and compare the levels of contamination as well as examine the main sources of PAHs in four urban agricultural soils using molecular ratios of some specific hydrocarbons. The study showed that PAH levels in soil ranged from 1.23 ng/kg in soil collected from Dzorwulu to 2.95 ng/kg in soil collected from Ghana Broadcasting Cooperation (GBC) vegetable irrigation site. Of the total PAHs, the more water soluble PAHs (2–4 rings), which tend to be concentrated in the vapour phase were found to dominate the soils. The percentage dominance were Dzorwulu (52.8 %), Marine Drive (62.5 %), CSIR (53.2 %) and GBC (49.2 %). However, there were significant levels of the more carcinogenic PAHs (5–6 rings) present with percentages as 47.1, 37.5 46.8 and 50.8 % for Dzorwulu, Marine Drive, CSIR and GBC vegetable irrigation sites, respectively, and therefore, may impact negatively on public health. Based on the classification by the Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation in Pulawy, Poland, urban soils in Accra could be classified as contaminated to different levels. Molecular ratios of Flu/pyr and PA/Ant were calculated to determine the main sources of PAHs. Results showed that PAHs could originate mainly from incomplete combustion of petroleum products, especially from atmospheric fallout from automobile exhausts. The study further showed that B(a)P concentration of 0.05 ng/kg in soil from GBC urban vegetable irrigation site requires immediate clean-up exercise and monitoring to mitigate human health impact. 相似文献
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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous organic pollutants in urban environments and are considered as the priority pollutants. The main objectives of this study were (1) to assess the contamination extent of 16 PAHs compounds in urban street dust and (2) to identify the anthropogenic sources of contamination. Forty-nine samples were analysed for 16 PAHs by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Results showed that total PAHs concentrations varied from 2174 to 24,499 ng/g with an average value of 6616 ng/g. Total PAHs concentrations showed a significant correlation with the total organic carbon (TOC) content (r = 0.599, p < 0.0001), suggesting likely that TOC can influence the distribution of PAHs in Xuzhou street dust. Source identification indices suggested that the primary source of PAHs was automobile exhausts. A factor analysis was performed, and three factors were extracted from the available dataset, explaining a total variance of approximately 84.7%. Results from the factor analysis could be indicative of PAHs with different origins. 相似文献
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原煤的开采、储存、运输及其加工利用过程是多环芳烃(PAHs)污染的主要来源。由于缺乏相关系统调查数据,其对煤矿复垦区土壤环境质量的影响尚不明确。平朔煤矿复垦土地主要作为耕地利用,了解其PAHs污染状况直接关系粮食安全和人体健康。该研究通过野外实地调查,开展了平朔煤矿复垦区表层土壤中多环芳烃(PAHs)的毒性风险分析研究。在整个平朔煤矿45 km2范围内,以500 m×500 m间距为基准,按照不同用地类型,采集了0~20 cm深度土壤样品179个,再按照1 km×1 km单元格组合后分析。使用安捷伦高分辨气相色谱低分辨质谱进行目标物的检测。加入代用标准2氟联苯(2 FBP)以进行回收率控制。研究结果表明：土壤中16种EPA PAHs的含量范围为213.60~2 513.20 ng·g-1,均值为717.09 ng·g-1。PAHs成分特征显示主要以3~4环为主(52%),5~6环次之(42%),2环所占比例最低(6%)。使用相关分析法判定,主要污染来源为原煤。毒性风险分析结果显示,平朔煤矿土壤PAHs存在一定生态风险,当土地重新作为农田加以利用时,需要加以关注。 相似文献