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1.
通过薄片鉴定、激光拉曼光谱分析、全岩和粘土矿物分析以及流体包裹体测试等手段,结合埋藏史分析,研究了东营凹陷民丰地区深部储层成岩环境的特点。分析认为,东营凹陷民丰地区深部储层成岩现象丰富,表现出不同成岩环境相叠合的特征,存在酸性、碱性和酸性碱性交替等多重成岩环境。着重利用不同成岩环境代表矿物中的流体包裹体分析成岩环境的变化,结果显示,3 000~3 200 m是碱性流体活动的重要深度。东营凹陷民丰地区深部储层在埋深过程中由浅到深大致经历了（弱）碱性（小于1 750 m）→酸性（1 750~3 200 m）→酸碱交替（3 200~4 000 m）→碱性（4 000~5 000 m）→弱碱性到弱酸性（大于5 000 m）多重成岩环境的变化,从而形成了现今复杂的成岩现象。埋深和温度是成岩环境变化的宏观主导因素,但并非绝对控制因素,局部流体性质的变化更能直接导致成岩环境的变化。 相似文献
2.
Fluid inclusions in sedimentary and diagenetic systems 总被引：25，自引：0，他引：25
Some of the major problems in sedimentary geology can be solved by using fluid inclusions in sedimentary and diagenetic minerals. Important fluids in the sedimentary realm include atmospheric gases, fresh water of meteoric origin, lake water, seawater, mixed water, evaporated water, formation waters deep in basins, oil, and natural gas. Preserving a record of the distribution and composition of these fluids from the past should contribute significantly to studies of paleoclimate and global-change research, is essential for improving understanding of diagenetic systems, and provides useful information in petroleum geology. Applications of fluid inclusions to sedimentary systems are not without their complexities. Some fluid inclusions exposed to natural conditions of increasing temperature may be altered by thermal reequilibration, which results in stretching, or leakage and refilling, of some fluid inclusions. Similarly, overheating in the laboratory can also cause reequilibration of fluid inclusions, so fluid inclusions from the sedimentary realm must be handled carefully and protected from overheating. Natural overheating of fluid inclusions must be evaluated through analysis of the most finely discriminated events of fluid inclusion entrapment, fluid inclusion assemblages (FIA). Consistency in homogenization temperatures within a fluid inclusion assemblage, consisting of variably sized and shaped inclusions, is the hallmark of a data set that has not been altered through thermal reequilibration. In contrast, fluid inclusion assemblages yielding variable data may have been altered through thermal reequilibration. If a fluid inclusion assemblage has not been altered by thermal reequilibration, its fluid inclusions may be useful as geothermometers for low- and high-temperature systems, or useful as geobarometers applicable throughout the sedimentary realm. If a fluid inclusion assemblage has been altered partially by thermal reequilibration, techniques for distinguishing between altered and unaltered fluid inclusions may be applied.
In studies of global change, fluid inclusions can be used as sensitive indicators of paleotemperature of surface environments. Fluid inclusions also preserve microsamples of ancient seawater and atmosphere, the analysis of which could figure prominently into discussions of past changes in chemistry of the atmosphere and oceans. In petroleum geology, fluid inclusions have proven to be useful indicators of migration pathways of hydrocarbons; they can delineate the evolution of the chemistry of hydrocarbons; and they remain important in understanding the thermal history of basins and relating fluid migration events to evolution of reservoir systems. In studies of diagenesis, fluid inclusions can be the most definitive record. Most diagenetic systems are closely linked to temperature and salinity of the fluid. Thus, fluid inclusions are sensitive indicators of diagenetic environments. 相似文献
3.
喀什凹陷第三纪灰岩流体包裹体及其应用研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本文在成岩作用研究的基础上,对喀什凹陷第三纪灰岩中的流体包裹体作了初步研究。通过包裹体的显微测温及包裹体的再平衡研究,得出了该区灰岩的成岩温度及其经历的最大古地温,并利用包裹体资料对该区的生油岩作了初步评价。 相似文献
4.
极低级变质作用及其研究方法 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：9
近年来国际上极低级变质作用的研究进展包括综合运用了伊利石结晶度等各项指标 ,将极低级变质带划分为成岩带、近变质带和浅变质带 ,成岩带和近变质带又可进一步划分为低级成岩带、高级成岩带、低级近变质带和高级近变质带 ;研究了伸展背景、阿尔卑斯碰撞背景和增生背景下的极低级变质作用 ;进一步理解了矿物的转变过程 ,建立了变质泥质岩石的矿物反应系列。即变质泥质岩石的二八面体矿物反应系列 ,为蒙皂石—伊 /蒙混层 (I/S)—伊利石—白云母 ;对应变质镁铁质岩石的三八面体矿物反应系列 ,为蒙皂石—绿泥石 /蒙皂石混层 (C/S)—绿泥石。岩石微构造也发生同步变化 ;明确了广泛应用的伊利石结晶度的本质是雏晶大小的一种量度 ,也与晶格应变有关 ,主要受反应动力的控制 ;建立了系统的研究技术方法 ,包括野外采样方法、室内X光衍射法 (XRD)、透射电镜法 (TEM )、地质温度计、地质压力计、岩石学方法、同位素地质学方法等 相似文献
5.
Post-entrapment modification of fluid inclusions due to overpressure: evidence from natural samples 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
A. J. BARKER 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》1995,13(6):737-750
Abstract Effects of post-entrapment fluid-inclusion modification are examined with reference to retrogression-related quartz veins from the Caledonian, Øse Thrust, northern Norway. The inclusions occur in secondary trails, and contain high-density hypersaline aqueous fluids. On morphological characteristics, they are subdivided into, Type A: elongate, ellipsoidal and/or irregular inclusions, and Type B: more equant, regular, and/or negative crystal form. With reference to previous research on post-entrapment modification of inclusions in quartz it is proposed that Type A inclusions experienced little or no post-entrapment modification, whereas Type B inclusions show features characteristic of post-entrapment permanent inelastic stretching and/or leakage. This produces increased homogenization temperatures ( T h ), associated with increased inclusion volume and lowering of density, whilst maintaining constant salinity. The similarity of data for degree of fill and salinity between Type A and Type B inclusions indicates that Type B inclusions have primarily modified by stretch rather than leakage. However, the spread towards slightly larger volume of vapour in Type B inclusions suggests that some leakage has also occurred. Because stretched and/or partially leaked inclusions have increased T h , isochore projections significantly underestimate trapping pressure ( P t ) relative to unmodified inclusions. Therefore, recognition of post-entrapment inclusion modification due to overpressure is crucial to avoid misinterpretation of data, but has considerable potential for constraining the detail of P-T trajectories of individual rocks. On this basis, rocks from the Øse Thrust zone, north Norway, are shown to have experienced rapid uplift on a 'clockwise' P-T-t path during the final stages of Caledonian (Scandian) orogenesis. 相似文献
6.
矿物中单个有机包裹体测试与TOF-SIMS技术的应用 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
有机包裹体是一种富含有机质的矿物流体包裹体。单个有机包裹体在研究成岩成矿作用和没油气成藏历史过程方面具有重要的实用价值。目前常用于单个有机包裹体分析的技术有荧光光谱、显微傅立叶红外光谱、激光拉曼光谱和二次离子质谱（ＳＩＭＳ）等。本文对这些方法的应用现代和存在的问题进行了客观的分析,同时还介绍了一种可用于单个有机包裹体分析的新体分析的新技术－飞行时间二次离子质谱（ＴＯＦ－ＳＩＭＳ）,对其分析原理、方 相似文献
7.
流体的热力学前缘研究 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：12
总结了当前国内外关于流体的热力学前缘研究领域如下：（１）流体体系的ｐ－Ｖ－Ｔ－ｘ相关系研究，主要对象是Ｈ２Ｏ－ＣＯ２－盐类多组分体系高温高压下相图的实验和理论研究。（２）矿物在流体中的溶解度及溶解后在流体中溶解类型的形式和热力学性质——平衡常数（或Ｇｉｂｂｓ自由能）及各种偏摩尔性质的研究。（３）流体热力学模型化研究，已研制出大量的计算机软件，包括多种矿物、溶解类型的热力学数据库和模拟热液平衡、矿物溶解性质、反应路径和水—岩相互作用的实用程序。（４）超临界流体的相关系和化学反应等有许多特殊的性质，对认识地球内部的演化将有重要意义。（５）新技术新方法的发展，使分析单个矿物包裹体成分变成了现实。 相似文献
8.
9.
熔体包裹体研究不仅广泛应用于火山岩和部分侵入岩系统,而且因其具有可以保存岩浆初始挥发分和金属组成的优势,近来也逐步应用于矿床学领域.在介绍熔体包裹体形成机制和捕获后成分改造的基础上,简要归纳了目前常用的熔体包裹体分析方法,以斑岩型Cu-(Mo-Au)和斑岩型Mo成矿系统为例,重点介绍熔体包裹体在矿床学领域的应用,包括成矿金属和挥发分含量的测定,以及熔体-流体分配系数测定等方面.然而,熔体包裹体在捕获后均会受到不同程度的成分改造,且对于大多数造岩矿物内的熔体包裹体,其成分改造的具体机制仍不明了,因此在实际应用过程中,需要对其组成进行具体分析和甄别.随着分析技术的改善和提高,熔体包裹体捕获后具体成分改造机制有待进一步查明,进而推动熔体包裹体的应用.现阶段熔体包裹体在斑岩型Cu-(Mo-Au)和斑岩型Mo成矿岩浆系统的成功应用表明,相比全岩地球化学研究,熔体包裹体已成为研究成矿岩浆体系内成矿金属和挥发分演化的重要手段. 相似文献
10.
本文在成岩作用研究的基础上，对喀什凹陷白垩纪碎屑岩中的流体包裹体作了初步研究。通过包裹体的显微测温及包裹体的再平衡研究，得到碎屑岩的成岩温度及其经历的最大古地温，并利用包裹体资料对油气的运移及演化作了初步评价 相似文献
11.
This paper illustrates opportunities provided by the method of stepwise crushing for the investigation of the fluid phase of geologic objects. Owing to the efficient separation of gases from fluid inclusions of different generations trapped during mineral growth and/or subsequent alteration (metasomatic and hydrothermal), stepwise crushing allows us to obtain the isotopic characteristics of end-members and, thus, reliably establish the source and evolution of fluids in magmatic and postmagmatic processes; this method provides clues to a better understanding of interaction of global reservoirs, such as the mantle, crust, and atmosphere. The importance of information obtained by this method is exemplified here by the results of the investigation of mantle rocks and minerals from various geologic environments (MORB, SCLM, and carbonated mantle). It was shown that the multi-isotope approach yields most comprehensive data on the genetic features and evolution of the fluid phase. The importance of combining isotope geochemical and microthermometric fluid inclusion data is demonstrated by the example of a mantle xenolith of garnet lherzolite from the Jetty Oasis. Together with the microthermometric investigation of fluid inclusions and developing laser techniques for opening of individual inclusions, the method of stepwise crushing provides a means for solving one of the most important practical problems—obtaining information on the geochemical features and physicochemical parameters of mineral-forming (and ore-forming) processes. 相似文献
12.
针对与矿石矿物共存透明脉石矿物所含流体包裹体并不完全代表成矿流体，红外显微技术及EPMA、SEM等常规表面分析手段无法满足不透明矿石矿物所含单个低盐度流体包裹体研究的实际困难，本文首次成功地应用具同步扫描成象功能、电子束斑空间分辨率较高、信噪比较好的PHI595SAM／AES这一当代高灵敏表面分析技术，按单矿物分选→二次去离子水反复超声清洗→外真空热爆→在金属铟片上压制成样的实验流程对新疆阿尔泰多拉纳萨依金矿床含金黄铁矿所含单个低盐度流体包裹体的液相组成进行了静态定点分析，实验取得了满意结果。 相似文献
13.
Presented in this paper are the rypes,salinities,homogenization temperatures and organic components of fluid inclusions formed at the four stages of diagenetic authigenesis in the Eogene of the Biyang Depression.The results of cooling experiments on fluid inclusions were used to determine the fluid system and composition of saline aqueous solution in each of the stages .The homogenization temperatures of saline aqueous solution inclusions and hydrocarbon organic inclu-sions have been corrected by two approaches ,and the trapping temperatures and pressures of fluid inclusions at each of the stages have been obtained.This strdy has shed light on the physicochemistry and evolution of diagenetic fluids.The diagentic fluid system is a system which was transformed from a chloride-bearing to a carbonate-bearing system along with the diagenic evolu-tion.The decrease of diagenetic temperature at Stage III of diagenetic authigenesis suggests that the depression would have experiences uplifting at that time.The fluorescent characteristics of fluid inclusions indicate the varieties of organic components in fluid inclusions both in time and in space. 相似文献
14.
Fluid inclusion petrography 总被引：32，自引：0，他引：32
15.
克拉2气田是中国陆上勘探已知最大的天然气气田,下白垩系巴什基奇克组砂岩是其主力储层.为了揭示本区储层成岩作用和油气充注之间的成因联系,综合应用偏光显微镜、阴极发光显微镜、扫描电镜、CT扫描三维重构、X-射线衍射、荧光光谱、显微测温和激光拉曼等技术手段研究了克拉2气田储层的成岩作用和油气充注期次及特征,并且探讨了油气充注对成岩作用的影响.研究结果显示:本区的成岩矿物组合为石英次生加大边、方解石、白云石,铁白云石,微晶石英和自生高岭石.发育3期油气充注:第1期为低温高盐度的低成熟油气流体,以记录在石英愈合裂隙、长石解理和方解石胶结物中的黄褐色荧光包裹体为代表,充注时间为18 Ma;第2期为高温高盐度的高成熟油气流体,以记录在石英愈合裂隙和白云石胶结物中的黄白-蓝白色荧光包裹体为代表,充注时间为6 Ma;第3期为高温低盐度的天然气充注,以记录在石英愈合裂隙和铁白云石胶结物中的无荧光气烃包裹体为代表,充注时间4 Ma.本区储层中自生高岭石、微晶石英和储层沥青是晚期天然气充注对储层改造的结果. 相似文献
16.
Matthew J. Severs James S. Beard John M. Hanchar Robert J. Bodnar 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2009,73(7):2123-1266
Partitioning behavior of Sc, Ti, V, Mn, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, La, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Ho, Yb, Hf, and Pb between dacitic silicate melt and clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene, and plagioclase has been determined based on laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric (LA-ICPMS) analysis of melt inclusions and the immediately adjacent host mineral. Samples from the 1988 eruption of White Island, New Zealand were selected because petrographic evidence suggests that all three mineral phases are in equilibrium with each other and with the melt inclusions. All three phenocryst types are found as mineral inclusions within each of the other phases, and mineral inclusions often coexist with melt inclusions in growth-zone assemblages. Compositions of melt inclusions do not vary between the different host minerals, suggesting that boundary layer processes did not affect compositions of melt inclusions and that post-trapping modifications have not occurred.Partition coefficients were calculated from the host and melt inclusion compositions and results were compared to published values. All trace elements examined in this study except Sr are incompatible in plagioclase, and all measured trace elements except for Mn are incompatible in orthopyroxene. In clinopyroxene, Sc, V, and Mn are compatible, and Y, Ti, HREE, and the MREE are only slightly incompatible. Most partition coefficients overlap the wide range of values reported in the literature, but the White Island data are consistently at the lower end of the range in published values. Results from the literature obtained using modern microanalytical techniques such as secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) or proton induced X-ray emission spectroscopy (PIXE) also fall at the lower end of the published values, whereas partition coefficients determined from bulk analysis of glass and crystals separated from volcanic rocks typically extend to higher values. Rapid crystal growth-rates, crystal zonation, or the presence of accessory mineral inclusions in phenocrysts likely accounts for the wide range and generally higher partition coefficients obtained using bulk sampling techniques. The results for 3+ cations from this study are consistent with theoretical predictions based on a lattice strain model for site occupancy. The results also confirm that the melt inclusion-mineral (MIM) technique is a reliable method for determining partition coefficients, as long as the melt inclusions have not experienced post-entrapment reequilibration. 相似文献
17.
Rosario Esposito Rita Klebesz Omar Bartoli Yury I. Klyukin Daniel Moncada Angela L. Doherty Robert J. Bodnar 《Central European Journal of Geosciences》2012,4(2):208-218
Melt inclusions (MI) trapped in igneous phenocrysts provide one of the best tools available for characterizing magmatic processes. Some MI experience post-entrapment modifications, including crystallization of material on the walls, formation of a vapor bubble containing volatiles originally dissolved in the melt, or partial to complete crystallization of the melt. In these cases, laboratory heating may be necessary to return the MI to its original homogeneous melt state, followed by rapid quenching of the melt to produce a homogeneous glass phase, before microanalyses can be undertaken. Here we describe a series of heating experiments that have been performed on crystallized MI hosted in olivine, clinopyroxene and quartz phenocrysts, using the Linkam TS1400XY microscope heating stage. During the experiments, we have recorded the melting behaviors of the MI up to a maximum temperature of 1360°C. In most of the experiments, the MI were homogenized completely (without crystals or bubbles) and remained homogeneous during quenching to room temperature. The resulting single phase MI contained a homogeneous glass phase. These tests demonstrate the applicability of the Linkam TS1400XY microscope heating stage to homogenize and quench MI to produce homogeneous glasses that can be analyzed with various techniques such as Electron Microprobe (EMP), Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS), Laser ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA ICP-MS), Raman spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, etc. During heating experiments, the optical quality varied greatly between samples and was a function of not only the temperature of observation, but also on the amount of matrix glass attached to the phenocryst, the presence of other MI in the sample which are connected to the outside of the crystal, and the existence of mineral inclusions in the host. 相似文献
18.
Silicate melt inclusions (MI) commonly provide the best record of pre-eruptive H2O and CO2 contents of subvolcanic melts, but the concentrations of CO2 and H2O in the melt (glass) phase within MI can be modified by partitioning into a vapor bubble after trapping. Melt inclusions may also enclose vapor bubbles together with the melt (i.e., heterogeneous entrapment), affecting the bulk volatile composition of the MI, and its post-entrapment evolution. In this study, we use numerical modeling to examine the systematics of post-entrapment volatile evolution within MI containing various proportions of trapped vapor from zero to 95 volume percent. Modeling indicates that inclusions that trap only a vapor-saturated melt exhibit significant decrease in CO2 and moderate increase in H2O concentrations in the melt upon nucleation and growth of a vapor bubble. In contrast, inclusions that trap melt plus vapor exhibit subdued CO2 depletion at equivalent conditions. In the extreme case of inclusions that trap mostly the vapor phase (i.e., CO2–H2O fluid inclusions containing trapped melt), degassing of CO2 from the melt is negligible. In the latter scenario, the large fraction of vapor enclosed in the MI during trapping essentially serves as a buffer, preventing post-entrapment modification of volatile concentrations in the melt. Hence, the glass phase within such heterogeneously entrapped, vapor-rich MI records the volatile concentrations of the melt at the time of trapping. These numerical modeling results suggest that heterogeneously entrapped MI containing large vapor bubbles represent amenable samples for constraining pre-eruptive volatile concentrations of subvolcanic melts. 相似文献
19.
西华山钨矿床共生透明矿物与不透明矿物中流体包裹体的对比研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
西华山钨矿床是一个产于燕山期花岗岩中的大脉型钨矿床。笔者利用红外显微镜、冷热台及其他相关设备对矿床中的透明矿物(石英、绿柱石和萤石)与不透明矿物(黑钨矿、黄铁矿)中的流体包裹体进行了对比研究。结果显示,共生透明矿物与不透明矿物之间,在包裹体均一温度等特征上既可基本相同又可出现很大差异。一般来说,黑钨矿能有效地保存原生流体包裹体(th=300～420℃;晶洞中为220～290℃),仅有少量次生包裹体(th=160～280℃),而与之共生的石英中原生包裹体则几乎被破坏殆尽,现在所见到的包裹体绝大多数是次生的或是在较晚结晶时捕获的(th=130～270℃)。只有未经后期应力作用和流体改造的晶洞水晶及与其共生的黑钨矿,二者获得的结果才相同或相似。绿柱石中通常有大量的次生包裹体和原生包裹体。黑钨矿与绿柱石中硅酸盐熔融包裹体的出现,表明西华山钨矿床的成矿作用始于岩浆-热液过渡阶段,其初始成矿流体是一种岩浆-热液过渡性流体,尔后才演变成单一的热水溶液。笔者认为,在进行金属矿床流体包裹体研究时,应强调共生透明矿物与不透明矿物的对比研究,在进行对比研究时,详尽的基础地质研究和包裹体岩相学观察必不可少;当单独利用透明矿物包裹体资料对金属矿床进行地质解释时,需慎之又慎。 相似文献
20.
通过岩心观察并综合利用普通薄片、铸体薄片和扫描电镜分析等资料,对须二段储层岩石学特征、物性及孔隙结构特征、成岩作用、成岩矿物、成岩环境、所处成岩阶段和成岩演化序列等进行了研究。结果表明,须二段储层经历压实压溶、胶结、溶蚀和破裂等成岩作用,现今处于中成岩A 期。根据成岩作用类型和强度、成岩矿物及其对储层物性的影响划分出3种成岩相：强压实自生矿物胶结相、强压实不稳定组分溶蚀相和破碎裂缝相。选取了对成岩相较敏感的声波时差、电阻率、自然伽马、密度和中子5条常规测井曲线和成像测井资料,通过岩心资料刻度测井建立了各成岩相的测井识别标准,将成岩相进行剖面展开和平面成图。再根据有利成岩相的平面展布规律,对蓬莱地区须二段优质储层发育带进行了预测,认为平面上的斜坡中部为主要的优质储集层发育区。 相似文献