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开展海底滑坡运动特性研究是深水陆坡区滑坡地质灾害认识与防治的基础,建立了基于非牛顿流体欧拉-欧拉两相流理论的小尺度海底滑坡数值模型。在与实验数据和BING程序结果对比验证的基础上,模拟分析海底滑坡的一般运动规律及特性,并同无水条件下的滑坡模拟结果进行了对比。结果表明:环境水的存在可引发"滑水"现象,延长滑坡运动时间,增加运动距离,但端部最大峰值速度相对无水条件时较小;滑坡体物质组成、地形坡度、初始速度、初始厚度等因素,对最终的运动距离有较大的影响;滑坡体在运动过程中因扰动、混水而导致的屈服强度和粘滞系数的不断降低是海底滑坡长距离运动的主要原因。 相似文献
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对MADE KYUN河三角洲海底斜坡所在区域地形地貌、地层岩性等进行阐述分析,结合调查资料确定了斜坡坡体组成与特征:该斜坡坡体主要为淤泥、淤泥质黏土,厚度6~9m。基于GEO-SLOPE软件的SLOPE/W模块计算斜坡稳定性安全系数并确定最危险滑动面,利用BING软件的Herschel-Bulkley模型、双线型模型对最危险滑动面的滑移距离进行模拟预测。数值分析结果表明:在考虑孔隙水压力的情况下,4种计算方法得到的稳定性系数均有所下降,M-P法计算得到的斜坡稳定性安全系数为0.606,处于不稳定状态;2种模型计算得到的滑移距离分别为207和213m,峰值滑移速率分别为7.80和9.33m/s,会对较大范围的海底管道等海底设施造成破坏性影响。 相似文献
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<正>海底滑坡是一种重要的地质营力,对于海底地貌塑造、海底沉积物搬运和沉积具有重要意义[1],对于油气和水合物的聚集成藏亦具有重要的影响[2-7]。同时,由于海底滑坡破坏海底的稳定性,其对海底工程(如海底光缆、海上石油钻井平台等)和环境也构成潜在的威胁[8-9]。因此,近年来海底滑坡研究正越来越受到工业界和学术界的关注。由于沉积物在海底滑移时受到的浮力较大,海底滑坡的规模通常要比陆地滑坡大很多[10]。目前全球范围内记录在案的最大海底滑坡是发生在南非海上的Agulhas滑坡,其滑移距离超过140 km,作为单一滑坡事件,它所搬运的沉积物的体积高达20 000 km[11]。人 相似文献
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海底滑坡作为常见的海洋地质灾害,对海洋油气工程安全产生巨大威胁。海床土体失稳引起滑坡体滑动,会对海底管道产生拖曳作用。基于计算流体动力学方法(CFD)建立海底滑坡体对管道作用的评估模型,采用H-B模型描述块状滑坡体并与试验比较验证,分析不同海床倾斜度滑坡对管道的作用并拟合表达式;研究了海底管道在滑坡作用下的力学响应,并采用极限状态方法开展海底滑坡作用下管道结构极限安全分析,探讨了管道埋地状态时的极限安全界限,建立滑坡作用下管道结构安全分析方法。研究表明:滑坡对管道作用力与海床倾角呈现正相关,而覆土层厚度对作用力影响较小;随着不排水抗剪强度的减小,允许的滑坡宽度和速度均增加,表明土体不排水抗剪强度与引起的拖曳力呈正相关;滑坡土体宽度对极限安全速度影响较大。 相似文献
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对黄河三角洲东北部地区的高分辨率水声学资料进行了综合研究。根据所记录的破坏土体变形程度、运动产生的平面形状和地貌特征形态,对土体失稳过程进行分类：浅表土体变形、塌陷凹坑、滑坡和沉积物重力流。结果表明：（１）浅表土体形变的变形程度最低,出现在研究区斜坡上部平滑海底,主要为绳网状泄水构造和表层拉张裂隙。（２）塌陷凹坑在研究区内广泛出现,是局部土体液化后发生了垂直沉降的结果。（３）滑坡多发生在水下斜坡的中上部,由弧形塌陷区、狭窄的冲沟通道和负地形沉积物堆积区组成。滑坡陡坎后缘发现拉张裂隙。（４）沉积物重力流是土体发生变形程度最大,搬运距离最长的土体破坏变形形式。局部区域多次受到沉积物重力流切割和充填作用。 相似文献
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2003年11月,黄河水下三角洲2条海底电缆断裂,推测与该区域冲蚀沟较为发育有关。通过多波束测深、浅地层剖面探测、侧扫声呐调查等物探调查方法对埕岛海区开展地质调查,以揭示黄河三角洲地区海底滑坡诱发条件。研究发现:埕岛海区海底存在多条冲蚀沟,软弱土层较为发育,冲蚀沟地层扰动较为明显;通过波浪海流对海底土体的影响分析,判断不同水深和不同土体在浪潮流作用下海底冲蚀沟的发育程度,得出海底滑坡的诱发条件,结合人类活动和海底自然坡度等因素的影响,分析研究区仍然具有发生海底滑坡的可能性。 相似文献
8.
珠江口盆地陆架坡折带海底滑坡及其影响因素 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
为了解海底滑坡在陆架坡折演化过程中所起的作用并分析影响海底滑坡发育的因素,以最新采集的二维和三维地震资料为基础,综合运用了地貌分析和地震解释技术,通过对滑坡的地貌形态特征及地震响应特征进行详细刻画,在珠江口盆地陆架坡折带新近纪地层中识别出多处海底滑坡,明确了其分布范围并建立了滑坡发育的地质模式。分析认为,珠江口盆地相对海平面变化和流体活动的综合作用是导致研究区海底不稳定的主要因素。海底滑坡发源于海底峡谷的朔源侵蚀,向上陆坡扩展并终止于陆架坡折带。 相似文献
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结合可门港建设中获取的实测资料,研究了福建罗源湾南部海底的地形地貌特征和沉积物的工程性质。研究发现,罗源湾海底存在3个地形分区,即浅滩区、斜坡区和深水区;不同地貌区的海底淤泥的厚度整体上与水深有一定关系,浅滩区淤泥厚度整体上随水深的增大而增大,而在斜坡区和深水区,却恰好相反;研究区淤泥的含水量较高(平均为65.4%),孔隙比较大(平均为1.8),具有明显的高含水量、高孔隙比、高灵敏度、低渗透性、低强度、低重度的工程地质特征;研究了罗源湾南部沉积物的沉积和运移的一种模式,发现岸边侵蚀的土体主要沉积在离岸约1 000m的范围内,而土体的二次侵蚀、滑坡或重力流均可造成沉积物的再次运移与沉积。 相似文献
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海底滑坡是一种由于重力失稳导致的广泛发生在外陆架-上陆坡-深海平原的沉积物搬运体,是海底沉积物重要的搬运过程,具有较强的侵蚀能力和搬运能力,可将大量陆架沉积物搬运至深海,为深海带来丰富的沉积物。再沉积后的滑坡体因其特殊的内部结构,对海洋油气成藏有重要影响。综合国内外研究,对海底滑坡空间展布特征和垂向结构特征进行总结,对滑坡体岩石物理特征进行梳理,揭示海底滑坡边界特征、内部结构以及岩石物理特征。结合海底滑坡特征,从提供物源、储层、盖层、改变海底温压等方面分析海底滑坡对海底油气藏的积极意义,从破坏盖层、改变海底土体温压环境等方面分析海底滑坡对海底油气藏的负面影响。最后结合国内外研究现状,指出未来应对海底滑坡微尺度特征识别、进一步开展海底滑坡与海底油气藏联系以及加强海洋油气开发致灾风险等方面进行深入研究。 相似文献
11.
Submarine landslide and even its evolution to high-speed sliding masses can seriously threaten the safety of ocean engineering. Earthquakes are the most frequent trigger factors for landslides, and thus, seismic instability evaluation of submarine slopes has become a hot topic. However, the mechanism of submarine slope failures triggered by earthquakes is enormously complex. Although certain satisfactory results have been achieved in specific slopes, submarine landslides are still difficult to monitor and control, meaning that prevention-oriented research remains the mainstream. Regional slide predictive analyses of vast submarine slopes should be emphasized, but relevant research is notably rare. In this paper, a regional assessment methodology for submarine slope instabilities under seismic loads is proposed, and susceptibility mapping of landslides is established. First, considering the quasi-static bidirectional seismic action and the marine soil strength-weakening effect, an infinite slope sliding mode is used to establish the stability evaluation formula for a multiple soil-layer slope. Second, according to water depth data and GIS techniques, slope gradients are investigated, and the safety factors of submarine slopes located at specific stations are acquired. Furthermore, discrete stations are taken as sample points, and susceptibility mapping of submarine landslides is achieved using the inverse distance weighted and GIS techniques. Finally, regional seismic instability assessments of submarine slopes are conducted in the northeastern South China Sea, and various factors that influence submarine landslides are briefly discussed. This study offers an important basis for the development of marine resources and the risk assessments in ocean engineering. 相似文献
12.
XIU Zongxiang LIU Lejun XIE Qiuhong LI Jiagang HU Guanghai YANG Jianghui 《海洋学报(英文版)》2015,34(7):116-122
A large number of submarine landslides with different scales have been identified in the canyon area of the submarine pipeline route of Liwan 3-1 gas field. There is still much chance that submarine sl... 相似文献
13.
南海北部白云深水区东北部小型峡谷内的块体搬运 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
The process of mass movements and their consequent turbidity currents in large submarine canyons has been widely reported, however, little attention was paid to that in small canyons. In this paper, we document mass movements in small submarine canyons in the northeast of Baiyun deepwater area, north of the South China Sea(SCS), and their strong effects on the evolution of the canyons based on geophysical data. Submarine canyons in the study area arrange closely below the shelf break zone which was at the depth of –500 m. Within submarine canyons, seabed surface was covered with amounts of failure scars resulted from past small-sized landslides. A complex process of mass transportation in the canyons is indicated by three directions of mass movements.Recent mass movement deposits in the canyons exhibit translucent reflections or parallel reflections which represent the brittle deformation and the plastic deformation, respectively. The area of most landslides in the canyons is less than 3 km2. The trigger mechanisms for mass movements in the study area are gravitational overloading, slope angle and weak properties of soil. Geophysical data indicate that the genesis of submarine canyons is the erosion of mass movements and consequent turbidity currents. The significant effects of mass movements on canyon are incision and sediment transportation at the erosion phases and fillings supply at the fill phases. This research will be helpful for the geological risk assessments and understanding the sediment transportation in the northern margin of the SCS. 相似文献
14.
AbstractWith the continuous expansion of energy demand, the deep-water continental slope in the northern South China Sea has become one of the significant offshore oil and gas exploration regions. The frequent occurrence of marine geological hazards in this region, especially submarine landslides, can cause serious damage to engineering facilities. However, there have been few studies on the stability of the northern continental slope of the South China Sea; these studies mainly focused on a specific submarine slope or small-range evaluation, resulting in a lack of large-scale and quantitative understanding. Hence, considering the variation in the physical and mechanical properties of marine soils with depth, formulas for calculating the safety factor of submarine slopes by an infinite sliding model are established, and the factors affecting slope stability such as soil properties, slope gradient and horizontal seismic action are systematically investigated. Using GIS techniques, the terrain slope gradients and a historical seismic database of the northern South China Sea are obtained. Combined with soil mechanical parameters, a regional stability evaluation of the northern continental slope is carried out. Furthermore, the distribution of risk zones is given. On the whole, under strong seismic action, large-scale submarine slope instability occurs and must be highly considered when assessing risk. This achievement is of great significance to engineering sites, route selection and engineering risk assessment. 相似文献
15.
This paper presents a new submarine landslide model based on the non-hydrostatic wave model NHWAVE of Ma et al. (2012). The landslide is modeled as a water–sediment mixture. The dense plume is driven by baroclinic pressure forcing introduced by spatial density variations. The model is validated using laboratory measurements of turbidity currents and of water wave generation by a granular landslide. The model is then utilized to study the dependence of landslide motion and associated tsunami wave generation on parameters including sediment settling velocity, initial depth of the landslide and slide density. Model results show that the slide motion and water waves which it generates are both sensitive to these parameters. The relative tsunamigenic response to rigid and deformable landslides of equal initial geometry and density is also examined. It is found that the wave energy is mostly concentrated on a narrow band of the dominant slide direction for the waves generated by rigid landslides, while directional spreading is more significant for waves generated by deformable landslides. The deformable landslide has larger speed and acceleration at the early stage of landslide, resulting in larger surface waves. The numerical results indicate that the model is capable of reasonably simulating tsunami wave generation by submarine landslides. 相似文献
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Submarine pipelines that transport crude oil and natural gas are often in a complex marine geological environment and may become unstable and fail upon impact by submarine landslides. Previous research has mostly focused on the impact forces exerted by submarine landslides on suspended pipelines, but the impact of submarine landslides on pipelines laid on the seafloor at various impact angles, θ, have been relatively infrequently discussed, and the effects of suspended height, H, on the impact forces exerted by submarine landslides on pipelines have not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, based on the Herschel–Bulkley model, the impact forces exerted by a submarine landslide on laid-on or suspended pipelines at various impact angles θ were simulated using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach. Equations for calculating the axial and normal drag coefficients of a submarine pipeline were proposed. The CFD numerical simulation results were rearranged based on the soil mechanics approach. By comparing the parameters, an essentially corresponding relationship was found between the soil mechanics and CFD approaches when the equations were used to calculate the impact forces exerted by a submarine landslide on a pipeline. In addition, a semi-analytical expression for the failure envelope was provided. Furthermore, the effects of H on the forces on a pipeline were discussed, and an equation for calculating the acting forces on a pipeline along the flow direction of a submarine landslide that comprehensively accounts for the effects of θ and H was proposed. The lift force was discussed preliminarily and the results provide a basis for further investigation. The achievement of this study is applicable for selecting locations of submarine pipeline routes and for designing submarine pipelines. 相似文献
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High-resolution and high-density 2-D multichannel seismic data, combined with high-precision multibeam bathymetric map, are utilized to investigate the characteristics and distribution of submarine landslides in the middle of the northern continental slope, South China Sea. In the region, a series of 19 downslope-extending submarine canyons are developed. The canyons are kilometers apart, and separated by inter-canyon sedimentary ridges. Numerous submarine landslides, bounded by headscarps and basal glide surfaces, are identified on the seismic profiles by their distorted to chaotic reflections. Listric faults and rotational blocks in head areas and compressional folds and inverse faults at the toes of the landslides are possibly developed. Three types of submarine landslides, i.e., creeps, slumps, and landslide complexes, are recognized. These landslides are mostly distributed in the head areas and on the flanks of the canyons. As the most widespread landslides in the region, creeps are usually composed of multiple laterally-coalesced creep bodies, in which the boundaries of singular component creep bodies are difficult to delineate. In addition, a total of 77 landslides are defined, including 61 singular slumps and 16 landslide complexes that consist of two or more component landslides. Statistics show that most landslides are of a small dimension (0.53–18.09 km² in area) and a short runout distance (less than 3.5 km). Regional and local slope gradients and rheological behavior of the displaced materials might play important roles in the generation and distribution of the submarine landslides. A conceptual model for the co-evolution of the canyons and the associated landslides in the study area is presented. In the model it is assumed that the canyons are initiated from gullies created by landslides on steeper sites of the continental slope. The nascent canyons would then experience successive retrogressive landsliding events to extend upslope; at the same time canyon downcutting or incision would steepen the canyon walls to induce more landslides. 相似文献
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为确保海底爆破施工所诱发的振动不对中华白海豚造成危害,基于量纲分析法对萨道夫斯基经验公式进行修正,建立适用于预测海底爆破质点峰值振动速度的相似准数方程。在此基础上根据现场试验数据进行非线性回归运算,得到相关参数并分析了海底爆破振动强度衰减规律。分析表明:海底爆破质点峰值振速主要由单段装药量、监测点距爆心水平距离、覆盖层厚度及海水深度等因素决定。将参数值分别代入萨氏公式及新建公式计算预测值并进行误差估计,其平均误差分别为20.3%和10.0%,新建公式提高了对质点振速预测的准确性。利用新建公式及超压内安全振速估算保护中华白海豚的安全距离并提出相应的保护措施,为同类工程施工提供理论参考依据。 相似文献
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一种基于水深梯度原理的海底滑坡快速识别方法——以南海北部陆坡白云深水区为例 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
如何快速而准确的识别并提取海底滑坡的特征形态信息一直是海洋工程地质、特别是深水工程地质评价中所关注的问题之一。本文根据滑坡后形成的地形形态,基于水深梯度求值运算的原理,通过Matlab编程建立了一种快速识别海底滑坡的方法。以南海北部陆坡白云深水区为例进行海底滑坡的识别,并利用浅地层剖面做验证,结果显示这一方法是可行的,其最大的优点是滑坡识别速度快,对于规模小且数量多的滑坡识别效率较高。通过实测数据进一步的分析表明:（1）阈值的选取对识别结果有明显影响,阈值的选取需要结合其他物探资料（如浅地层剖面和声呐影像）综合判断来确定;（2）水深数据的空间分辨率会影响滑坡识别结果的准确度,合适的空间分辨率会提高识别结果的准确性。 相似文献