共查询到17条相似文献，搜索用时 171 毫秒
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为了解包气带土壤DOM组成特征, 探索其对砷向地下水中迁移的影响, 对江汉平原高砷区土壤DOM进行了三维荧光光谱分析.结果表明DOM主要为类腐殖质成分, 芳香性官能团的减少导致荧光强度随包气带深度增加而变小, 局部深度荧光信号不规则变化指示非均质土壤剖面上DOM组分或主导官能团的变化.平行因子分析表明, DOM组分可更细致地分解为4种组分, 与微生物源的还原、氧化醌类和陆生的腐殖质富里酸类等相似.砷很可能在DOM腐殖质成分络合作用下与之随水体一起向下迁移, 砷的迁移也可能与微生物源的醌类作用过程有关.三维荧光光谱分析准确、快速地刻画了包气带土壤DOM的组分类别及空间变化特征, 初步揭示了DOM影响砷迁移的可能作用方式, 为进一步的地下水砷污染机制的研究提供了重要的参考信息. 相似文献
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贵德盆地三河流域高砷地下水中溶解性有机物三维荧光特性及其指示意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
溶解性有机物(dissolved organic matter, DOM)可以通过多种方式控制含水层中砷的迁移转化。贵德盆地承压含水层地下水砷含量显著高于潜水含水层。为查明承压水中溶解性有机物对砷浓度的影响,对研究区地表水、潜水以及承压水进行吸光度和三维荧光光谱的分析,利用平行因子分析法确定了水样中有机物成分及荧光特征。结果表明,贵德盆地水体中DOM包含陆源类腐殖质(C1)、受人为影响的腐殖质(C2)、类醌化合物(C3)和微生物来源的腐殖质(C4)4种组分。陆源类腐殖质C1可在地下水中富集,占总有机质的40%~55%。相比于地下水,C2和C3则在地表水中占据较高的比例。高砷承压水中C2、C3所占比例高于低砷潜水。其中,C1可以通过络合作用促进溶解性砷浓度的提高,C3作为电子穿梭体可以促进含砷铁氧化物或氢氧化物的还原性溶解从而释放砷。微生物降解有机质生成的HCO-3可以与砷竞争吸附,促进砷的解吸附。此外,还原性溶解产生的Fe(II)与HCO-3形成FeCO3固定一部分的砷。该研究表明,地下水中的天然有机物通过络合作用和作为电子穿梭体促进铁氧化物还原导致地下水砷的富集,为分析黄河上游地区高砷地下水的成因提供理论依据。 相似文献
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水体中溶解性有机质(dissolved organic matter, DOM)是含水层中砷释放的主控因素之一.江汉平原河湖众多、沟渠广布,地表水体与浅层地下水的交互作用使得DOM的组分特征及其强度有显著差异.为查明江汉平原地下水中溶解性有机质在砷迁移转化过程中的作用,对江汉平原地表水和浅层地下水进行三维荧光光谱分析,使用平行因子分析法提取水体中有机质的分子组成、功能特点和荧光特征,并分析各组分相对含量与地下水中砷与铁的关联.江汉平原水体中DOM包括3种主要组分,组分C1、C2为类腐殖质,C2是生物降解过程中产生的小分子,C3为类蛋白物质.地下水DOM以类腐殖质组分C1、C2为主,地表水以类蛋白类物质C3和小分子腐殖质C2为主.高砷地下水中DOM以陆源为主,主要通过两种途径促进As的迁移转化:(1) DOM的腐殖质组分充当微生物群落的电子运输工具,促进微生物作用下的有机质氧化和铁氧化物的还原,并伴随As的释放及大量溶解性有机碳(dissolved organic carbon, DOC)和HCO3-的产生;(2) As以铁等金属阳离子为桥接物与腐殖质结合,通过形成As-Fe-DOM络合物,导致地下水中砷的迁移. 相似文献
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《地质科技情报》2015,(5)
微生物活动对地下水水化学组分、氧化还原环境及砷的迁移转化有重要影响。研究高砷地下水系统的氧化还原分带性,有助于进一步理解微生物作用下地下水中砷的迁移转化规律,并为高砷地下水原位修复技术提供理论依据。在综述前人的研究成果的基础上,阐明了不同生物地球化学阶段砷的吸附、释放及固定过程,并刻画出高砷地下水系统的氧化还原分带性概念模型。在地下水环境中,微生物依次消耗(还原)溶解氧、NO-3、Fe(Ⅲ)、SO2-4和CO2等组分,氧化有机物获取能量。在溶解氧和NO-3还原阶段,地下水处于偏氧化环境,此时Fe(Ⅲ)还原受到抑制,其负载的砷不会释放到地下水中;当Fe(Ⅲ)还原时,地下水处于还原环境,会导致与之共存的砷释放,形成高砷地下水;而当SO2-4还原时,地下水处于强还原环境,产生的HS-与Fe2+形成的铁硫化物吸附或共沉淀砷,会降低地下水中的砷浓度。 相似文献
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砷在天然环境中的迁移富集与氧化还原状态密切相关.盆地环境地下水中砷的活化迁移机制主要为沉积物中铁/锰氢氧化物由氧化还原条件变化导致发生还原性溶解进而释放吸附在其表面的砷.钼及钼同位素为氧化还原环境的重要指示参数, 且铁/锰氢氧化物对钼同位素分馏有着重要的控制作用.将地下水的钼同位素应用于砷的活化迁移规律研究.大同盆地地下水中钼同位素比值(δ98Mo)范围为-0.12‰~+2.17‰, 相比于淡水中钼同位素组成偏重.桑干河河水的δ98Mo为+0.72‰, 与文献报道的河水平均钼同位素比值+0.7‰相当.大同盆地地下水中δ98Mo与硫化物之间存在正相关关系, 表明Mo-Fe-S复合物可能形成于特定条件下, 并优先利用水溶液中轻的钼使地下水中δ98Mo比值升高.砷浓度与钼浓度之间的微弱负相关以及砷浓度与钼同位素之间的正相关说明, Mo-Fe-S的形成过程可能与同环境中As-Fe-S的复合物的形成存在竞争关系, 进而使得地下水中砷富集.地下水中相对偏高的δ98Mo可能来源于铁的氢氧化物对溶液中轻的钼的吸附速率高于先前吸附在铁的氢氧化物的钼的释放, 且铁的氢氧化物对水溶液中钼的再吸附这一循环过程会导致地下水中钼浓度降低及钼同位素比值的升高.钼同位素指示的循环性的铁的氢氧化物的还原溶解及再氧化过程对砷的富集也有重要影响. 相似文献
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砷在天然环境中的迁移富集与氧化还原状态密切相关.盆地环境地下水中砷的活化迁移机制主要为沉积物中铁/锰氢氧化物由氧化还原条件变化导致发生还原性溶解进而释放吸附在其表面的砷.钼及钼同位素为氧化还原环境的重要指示参数,且铁/锰氢氧化物对钼同位素分馏有着重要的控制作用.将地下水的钼同位素应用于砷的活化迁移规律研究.大同盆地地下水中钼同位素比值(δ98 Mo)范围为-0.12‰~+2.17‰,相比于淡水中钼同位素组成偏重.桑干河河水的δ98 Mo为+0.72‰,与文献报道的河水平均钼同位素比值+0.7‰相当.大同盆地地下水中δ98 Mo与硫化物之间存在正相关关系,表明MoFe-S复合物可能形成于特定条件下,并优先利用水溶液中轻的钼使地下水中δ98 Mo比值升高.砷浓度与钼浓度之间的微弱负相关以及砷浓度与钼同位素之间的正相关说明,Mo-Fe-S的形成过程可能与同环境中As-Fe-S的复合物的形成存在竞争关系,进而使得地下水中砷富集.地下水中相对偏高的δ98 Mo可能来源于铁的氢氧化物对溶液中轻的钼的吸附速率高于先前吸附在铁的氢氧化物的钼的释放,且铁的氢氧化物对水溶液中钼的再吸附这一循环过程会导致地下水中钼浓度降低及钼同位素比值的升高.钼同位素指示的循环性的铁的氢氧化物的还原溶解及再氧化过程对砷的富集也有重要影响. 相似文献
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微生物参与铁氧化物矿物的还原性溶解是高砷地下水形成的关键过程,其中具有砷还原功能的微生物如何参与含水层砷释放的生物地球化学过程亟待研究.利用从江汉平原典型高砷含水层中厌氧条件下分离出的四株细菌(Citrobacter sp.JH-1、Clostridium sp.JH-6、Exiguobacterium sp.JH-13、Paenibacillus sp.JH-33),通过室内厌氧模拟培养实验,查明其砷、铁还原能力,并通过分别与铁氧化物矿物及原位沉积物共同培养,探究原位含水层微生物参与的砷释放机理.结果表明:四株细菌均具有厌氧条件下砷、铁还原功能,Citrobacter sp.JH-1砷还原能力最强,96 h内还原的As(Ⅴ)浓度为2.22 μmol/L.其中Citrobacter sp.JH-1不仅可在厌氧和有氧条件下还原溶液中的As(Ⅴ),还可在厌氧条件下还原溶液中的Fe(Ⅲ)和无定型的水铁矿,在与含水层沉积物共培养12 d后,沉积物中铁与砷的释放量分别为510 mg/kg及1 150 μg/kg.江汉平原含水层中的原位微生物兼具砷/铁还原功能,在厌氧条件下可还原沉积物中的铁氧化物矿物并促进砷的释放,为深入揭示高砷地下水成因机理与地下水砷污染的防控提供重要科学依据. 相似文献
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用一系列试验评价废水中DOM（溶解性有机物）的微生物降解的潜力。废水样从Haifa废水处理站和Qishon水库采集，以2-4个月为一个周期，或者用废水或者用土壤微生物对水样进行培养，其特征用溶解性有机碳含量（DOC）、UV254吸光率和激发荧光-辐射基质表示。根据腐殖质／棕黄酸成分和似蛋白质结构，确定了三个主要的荧光峰值。在生物降解过程中，不同程度地增加了三个特殊荧光峰值，本文建议选择非发光成分。在一些实例中，发现一些废水中的荧光物增加，因而提出（1）生成新的与DOM生物降解有关的荧光物质和（2）降解某些有能力抑制DOM荧光物的有机物。根据荧光物强度和UV254的比值，描述了比其他UV吸收成分发光的DOM成分的不同的生物降解动态。总而言之，大约一半的总的DOM很容易降解，剩余的DOM的浓度在8．10毫克／升之间。灌溉土壤的废水中残留的DOM浓度的升高可能有助于地下水中污染物的DOM的聚集。 相似文献
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Laura A.Richards Dan J.Lapworth Daniel Magnone Daren C.Gooddy Lee Chambers Peter J.Williams Bart E.van Dongen David A.Polya 《地学前缘(英文版)》2019,10(5):1653-1667
Organic matter in the environment is involved in many biogeochemical processes,including the mobilization of geogenic trace elements,such as arsenic,into groundwater.In this paper we present the use of fluorescence spectroscopy to characterize the dissolved organic matter(DOM)pool in heavily arsenicaffected groundwaters in Kandal Province,Cambodia.The fluorescence DOM(fDOM)characteristics between contrasting field areas of differing dominant lithologies were compared and linked to other hydrogeochemical parameters,including arsenic and dissolved methane as well as selected sedimentary characteristics.Absorbance-corrected fluorescence indices were used to characterize depth profiles and compare field areas.Groundwater fDOM was generally dominated by terrestrial humic and fulvic-like components,with relatively small contributions from microbially-derived,tryptophan-like components.Groundwater fDOM from sand-dominated sequences typically contained lower tryptophan-like,lower fulvic-like and lower humic-like components,was less bioavailable,and had higher humification index than clay-dominated sequences.Methane concentrations were strongly correlated with fDOM bioavailability as well as with tryptophan-like components,suggesting that groundwater methane in these arsenic-prone aquifers is likely of biogenic origin.A comparison of fDOM tracers with sedimentary OM tracers is consistent with the hypothesis that external,surface-derived contributions to the aqueous DOM pool are an important control on groundwater hydrogeochemistry. 相似文献
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高砷地下水研究的热点及发展趋势 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
全球范围内广泛分布的高砷地下水给人们的健康造成了极大的威胁.高砷地下水的形成机理是一项世界性的科学问题.介绍了高砷地下水的分布特点、富集机理,阐明了溶解性有机物、地下水流动特征对高砷地下水形成的影响机制.现今的研究揭示了有机物和微生物协同作用下高砷地下水的形成过程,并且在高砷地下水的空间分布、时间变化特征以及人类活动对高砷地下水形成的影响等方面取得了一些创新性成果.这3方面的研究也逐渐成为近些年高砷地下水研究的热点.这些研究不仅丰富了砷迁移转化的理论成果,而且有助于开辟低砷水源,保障水资源的可持续利用,具有重要的理论和现实意义. 相似文献
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长期摄入高碘地下水（碘浓度＞100 μg/L）会造成人体甲状腺机能损伤.天然有机质被认为是影响高碘地下水形成的关键组分,为研究地下水中溶解性有机质（DOM）分子组成对碘富集的影响,选取长江中游沿岸浅层地下水作为研究对象,运用傅立叶变换离子回旋共振质谱仪（FT-ICR-MS）表征不同碘浓度地下水中DOM分子组成差异.研究发现碘易富集在还原环境的浅层地下水中,地下水中碘的浓度与溶解性有机碳（DOC）浓度无显著关系,DOM分子总数越多碘浓度越高;高碘地下水较低碘水DOM分子均一性、多样性更强,氧化程度和不饱和程度更高,含更多芳香性结构.长江中游沿岸高碘地下水的形成受DOM分子组成控制,主要与不饱和程度高尤其是含芳香性结构的大分子DOM有关,含芳香性结构的DOM分子与碘络合在高碘地下水的形成过程中起重要作用. 相似文献
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Arsenic concentrations surpassing potability limit of 10 μg/L in the groundwater supplies of an extensive area in the Duero Cenozoic Basin (central Spain) have been detected and the main sources of arsenic identified. Arsenic in 514 samples of groundwater, having mean values of 40.8 μg/L, is natural in origin. Geochemical analysis of 553 rock samples, assaying arsenic mean values of 23 mg/kg, was performed. Spatial coincidence between the arsenic anomaly in groundwater and the arsenic lithogeochemical distribution recorded in the Middle Miocene clayey organic-rich Zaratan facies illustrates that the rocks of this unit are the main source of arsenic in groundwater. The ferricretes associated to the Late Cretaceous–Middle Miocene siliciclastics also constitute a potential arsenic source. Mineralogical study has identified the presence of arsenic in iron oxides, authigenic pyrite, manganese oxides, inherited titanium–iron oxides, phyllosilicates and organomineral compounds. Arsenic mobilization to groundwater corresponds to arsenic desorption from iron and manganese oxides and from organic matter. 相似文献
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Marine Quiers Christelle Batiot-Guilhe Cristina C. Bicalho Yves Perrette Jean-Luc Seidel Sandra Van Exter 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,71(2):553-561
The fluorescent properties of dissolved organic matter (DOM) have been used as natural tracers in various water systems. However, only few studies have focused on groundwater systems, specifically, on karst systems. The aim of this study was to develop the use of the DOM fluorescence signal as a natural tracer, considering the multiple compartments of a karst system. This method was applied to the Lez hydrosystem, which supplies the city of Montpellier with drinking water. The hydrodynamics and hydrochemistry of the spring were monitored beginning March 2006. The DOM fluorescence was measured by the excitation–emission matrix spectroscopy technique. The analysis of the total fluorescence signal confirms the efficiency of this tool to trace rapid infiltration flows. Moreover, the decomposition of the signal into different fluorophores complements the information provided by the total signal. Indeed, the fluorescence emitted by the humic compounds seems to be the ideal tool for identifying rapid infiltration flows. Nevertheless, the fluorescence of protein-like compounds is better correlated with the inflow of faecal bacteria at the outlet. This decomposition of the fluorescence signal is an interesting way to provide information on both the rapid infiltration flow as well as the vulnerability of the karst aquifers. 相似文献
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Contrasting sorption behaviours affecting groundwater arsenic concentration in Kandal Province,Cambodia 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Laura A.Richards Maria J.Casanueva-Marenco Daniel Magnone Chansopheaktra Sovann Bart E.van Dongen David A.Polya 《地学前缘(英文版)》2019,10(5):1701-1713
Natural arsenic(As)contamination of groundwater which provides drinking water and/or irrigation supplies remains a major public health issue,particularly in South and Southeast Asia.A number of studies have evaluated various aspects of the biogeochemical controls on As mobilization in aquifers typical to this region,however many are predicated on the assumption that key biogeochemical processes may be deduced by sampled water chemistry.The validity of this assumption has not been clearly established even though the role of sorption/desorption of As and other heavy metals onto Fe/Mn(hydr)oxides is an important control in As mobilization.Here,selective chemical extractions of sand-rich and clay-rich sediments from an As-affected aquifer in Kandal Province,Cambodia,were undertaken to explore the potential role of partial re-equilibrium through sorption/desorption reactions of As and related solutes(Fe,Mn and P)between groundwater and the associated solid aquifer matrix.In general,groundwater As is strongly affected by both pH and Eh throughout the study area.However,contrasting sorption behaviour is observed in two distinct sand-dominated(T-Sand)and clay dominated(T-Clay)transects,and plausibly attributed to differing dominant lithologies,biogeochemical and/or hydrogeological conditions.Sorption/desorption processes appear to be re-setting groundwater As concentrations in both transects,but to varying extents and in different ways.In T-Sand,which is typically highly reducing,correlations suggest that dissolved As may be sequestered by sorption/re-adsorption to Fe-bearing mineral phases and/or sedimentary organic matter;in T-Clay Eh is a major control on As mobilization although binding/occlusion of Fe-bearing minerals to sedimentary organic matter may also occur.Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted with groups categorised by transect and by Eh,and the output correlations support the contrasting sorption behaviours encountered in this study area.Irrespective of transect,however,the key biogeochemical processes which initially control As mobilization in such aquifers,may be "masked" by the re-setting of As concentrations through in-aquifer sorption/desorption processes. 相似文献