共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
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高砷地下水不仅直接危害供水安全,还可通过与湿地之间的交互作用,影响湿地水质进而威胁湿地生态安全.长江中游河湖平原已被报道广泛分布有高砷地下水,而位于长江中游故道区域的天鹅洲湿地地下水中砷的空间分布特征尚不明确,湿地与地下水的交互作用对地下水中砷季节性动态的控制机理尚不明确.本研究在天鹅洲湿地采集2个水文地质钻孔的35件沉积物样品、12个分层监测井不同季节的共72组地下水样和18组地表水样,通过水位-水化学监测、沉积物地球化学组成分析和砷、铁形态表征探究天鹅洲湿地地下水中砷的时空分布规律及控制机理.研究发现天鹅洲湿地地下水砷含量为1.08~147 μg/L,牛轭湖外侧浅井（10 m）地下水砷含量普遍高于深井（25 m）和牛轭湖内侧浅井（10 m）、深井（25 m）地下水,枯水期和平水期的砷含量高于丰水期.牛轭湖外侧浅层地下水系统具有更厚的粘土、亚粘土沉积,沉积物中总砷、强吸附态砷和易还原的铁氧化物的含量更多,吸附砷的水铁矿等无定形铁氧化物还原性溶解导致砷释放进入地下水中.枯水期天鹅洲湿地底部向牛轭湖外侧浅层含水层输送不稳定的有机质,使天鹅洲湿地地下水-地表水界面成为砷释放的热点区域.丰水期时牛轭湖外侧含水层受长江补给的影响,还原环境发生改变使地下水中的砷和铁被氧化固定从而不利于砷向地下水释放. 相似文献
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北方典型内陆盆地高砷地下水的水化学特征及处理技术 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
我国高砷地下水分布广泛,是受砷污染最严重的地区之一,严重危害居民身体健康,开发经济、高效、环境友好的高砷地下水修复治理技术极具必要性。以大同盆地、呼包平原、河套平原和银川平原为代表性研究区域,归纳总结了北方干旱、半干旱地区典型高砷地下水区水化学特征。通常情况下,高砷地下水的pH值较高,共存阴离子(HCO-3、SO2-4和Cl-)浓度较大,溶解性有机碳含量较高,并且As(Ⅲ)为主要砷形态。开展了针对北方典型高砷地下水特定水化学环境特点(如pH值、共存阴阳离子以及溶解性有机物等)的改性天然菱铁矿除砷性能研究。结果表明,改性天然菱铁矿对溶液pH值具有良好的缓冲能力,其除砷性能基本不受pH值、共存阴离子、Ca/Mg阳离子及以腐殖酸为代表的溶解性有机物等典型高砷地下水水化学特征因素的影响,表明吸附剂对砷具有良好的吸附选择性。另外,改性天然菱铁矿对As(Ⅲ)的去除效果优于对As(V)的去除效果,因此,利用改性天然菱铁矿作为反应介质材料,将其应用于处理主要以As(Ⅲ)形式存在的高砷地下水具备良好的发展前景。 相似文献
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近年来陆续有报道发现长江中游河湖平原广泛分布着高砷地下水,鄱阳湖平原与江北平原（古彭蠡泽）作为长江中游南北两岸典型的河湖平原,其地下水资源丰富,但砷的空间分布规律尚不清楚,区域供水安全存在风险.本研究在两个区域系统采集98个浅层地下水（< 40 m）样品和8个地表水样品,通过水化学、氢氧稳定同位素分析,查明地下水中砷的空间分布异质性及其影响因素.研究发现江北平原浅层地下水砷含量为0.65~956.72 μg/L（平均值210.78 μg/L）,高砷地下水集中分布于长江古河道;鄱阳湖平原浅层地下水砷含量为0.09~267.45 μg/L（平均值11.85 μg/L）,高砷地下水仅分布于赣江三角洲局部地区.江北平原地下水δD与δ18O值相对鄱阳湖平原更偏负,且与地表水的差异更大.地下水化学及主成分分析结果表明物源和含水层结构差异是影响鄱阳湖平原和江北平原砷空间分布异质性的关键因素,来自长江物源的古彭蠡泽区域沉积物为高砷含水层的形成提供了物质来源,湖相含水层中含砷铁氧化物的还原性溶解是地下水砷富集的主要过程.地下水氢氧稳定同位素指示江北平原较鄱阳湖平原地下水赋存环境更封闭,地下水循环交替速度缓慢,有利于砷的富集. 相似文献
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贵德盆地三河流域高砷地下水中溶解性有机物三维荧光特性及其指示意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
溶解性有机物(dissolved organic matter, DOM)可以通过多种方式控制含水层中砷的迁移转化。贵德盆地承压含水层地下水砷含量显著高于潜水含水层。为查明承压水中溶解性有机物对砷浓度的影响,对研究区地表水、潜水以及承压水进行吸光度和三维荧光光谱的分析,利用平行因子分析法确定了水样中有机物成分及荧光特征。结果表明,贵德盆地水体中DOM包含陆源类腐殖质(C1)、受人为影响的腐殖质(C2)、类醌化合物(C3)和微生物来源的腐殖质(C4)4种组分。陆源类腐殖质C1可在地下水中富集,占总有机质的40%~55%。相比于地下水,C2和C3则在地表水中占据较高的比例。高砷承压水中C2、C3所占比例高于低砷潜水。其中,C1可以通过络合作用促进溶解性砷浓度的提高,C3作为电子穿梭体可以促进含砷铁氧化物或氢氧化物的还原性溶解从而释放砷。微生物降解有机质生成的HCO-3可以与砷竞争吸附,促进砷的解吸附。此外,还原性溶解产生的Fe(II)与HCO-3形成FeCO3固定一部分的砷。该研究表明,地下水中的天然有机物通过络合作用和作为电子穿梭体促进铁氧化物还原导致地下水砷的富集,为分析黄河上游地区高砷地下水的成因提供理论依据。 相似文献
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江汉平原高砷地下水监测场水化学特征及砷富集影响因素分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
江汉平原高砷地下水的发现引起了广泛的关注,通过对该区高砷地下水监测场39个地下水样品的分析,揭示了高砷地下水的水化学特征。同时,结合沉积物砷含量分析和高砷地下水的垂向分布特征,探讨了地下水中砷富集的影响因素。结果表明,地下水水化学类型主要为HCO3-Ca·Mg型,pH值为中性偏弱碱性,Fe、Mn质量浓度很高。25m深度的监测井水中砷质量浓度最高,对应的沉积物中总砷质量浓度也较高。井水中浓烈的H2S气味,偏负的氧化还原电位,高质量浓度的NH4-N、溶解有机碳(DOC)、HCO-3、S2-与低质量浓度的NO-3、SO2-4均指示该区为典型的富含有机质的还原性地下水环境。该条件下沉积物中有机物质的生物降解作用和铁锰氧化物、铁锰氢氧化物的还原是江汉平原高砷地下水形成的主要原因。 相似文献
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《地学前缘》2016,(2):260-268
内蒙古河套盆地不仅存在高砷地下水,还存在高氟地下水,严重影响居民的身体健康。尽管高砷地下水开展了大量的研究工作,但对高氟地下水的分布及形成机理却认识不足。在资料检索和和水文地质条件的分析的基础上,通过对406个地下水水样的采集和分析,研究了高氟地下水的化学特征和分布规律,并从矿物溶解与沉淀、蒸发浓缩、解吸与竞争吸附及阳离子交换4个方面探讨了河套盆地山前与平原两种不同水文地质条件下地下水的主要富氟机理。结果显示,406个水样中,超过59%的水样含氟量超过我国饮用水1.0mg/L的标准,其中山前地下水氟的超标率高于平原地区。高氟地下水表现出富钠、贫钙、弱碱性的特点。平原区高氟地下水的pH、HCO-3、δ18 O、δD和TDS普遍高于山前,Ca2+、NO-3普遍低于山前。萤石溶解与方解石沉淀为山前地区氟含量主要控制因素;而蒸发作用、阳离子交换作用、OH-、HCO-3与F-的竞争吸附成为平原地区氟含量的主要控制因素。 相似文献
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河套平原地下水砷污染机理的探讨 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
高存荣 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》1999,10(2):25-32
地下水砷污染是影响地区居民身体健康和生活水平提高的重大环境地质问题之一。本文通过实际调查,从地质、地球化学、环境化学入手,系统分析和探讨了内蒙古河套平原地下水砷污染的形成机理。阐述了地下水中砷的来源及其聚集、迁移的地球化学条件。认为高砷地下水的形成,与特定的地质、地形、古地理和地球化学环境的背影有关。聚集于地层中的砷,由于环境的变化,从非游离态转化为游离态,在地下水动力的作用下,进入地下水中。 相似文献
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水体中溶解性有机质(dissolved organic matter, DOM)是含水层中砷释放的主控因素之一.江汉平原河湖众多、沟渠广布,地表水体与浅层地下水的交互作用使得DOM的组分特征及其强度有显著差异.为查明江汉平原地下水中溶解性有机质在砷迁移转化过程中的作用,对江汉平原地表水和浅层地下水进行三维荧光光谱分析,使用平行因子分析法提取水体中有机质的分子组成、功能特点和荧光特征,并分析各组分相对含量与地下水中砷与铁的关联.江汉平原水体中DOM包括3种主要组分,组分C1、C2为类腐殖质,C2是生物降解过程中产生的小分子,C3为类蛋白物质.地下水DOM以类腐殖质组分C1、C2为主,地表水以类蛋白类物质C3和小分子腐殖质C2为主.高砷地下水中DOM以陆源为主,主要通过两种途径促进As的迁移转化:(1) DOM的腐殖质组分充当微生物群落的电子运输工具,促进微生物作用下的有机质氧化和铁氧化物的还原,并伴随As的释放及大量溶解性有机碳(dissolved organic carbon, DOC)和HCO3-的产生;(2) As以铁等金属阳离子为桥接物与腐殖质结合,通过形成As-Fe-DOM络合物,导致地下水中砷的迁移. 相似文献
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宁夏银川平原是继河套平原之后,在黄河流域发现的又一个高砷地下水分布区.为了总结其高砷地下水的水化学特征,并探索水化学因素对地下水砷释放和富集的影响机制,本文以银川平原北部（银北平原）作为典型研究区,采取野外水文地质调查、水样采集与测试、砷与水化学组分散点图相关分析及水文地球化学方法进行了综合研究.结果表明,银北平原地下水砷含量在0.2~177 μg/L之间;高砷地下水（大于50 μg/L） pH值多在7.5~8.5,水化学类型主要为HCO3-Na·Ca、Cl·HCO3-Na及Cl·HCO3-Na·Ca型,Eh多在-200~-100 mV.银北平原砷含量较高的地下水中COD、NH4+、HCO3-含量相应也较高,而NO3-和SO42-含量较低.高砷富有机质的冲-湖积含水层经过长期演化,形成偏碱性的中强还原性地下水环境和特殊的水化学特征,也具备极大的砷释放能力.较高的pH导致砷从铁锰氧化物或氢氧化物等水合物或黏土矿物表面解吸.其次部分铁锰氧化物在高pH、低Eh条件下可被还原为低价态可溶性铁锰,从而使与其结合的砷也得以释放进入地下水中.此外重碳酸根与砷酸根、亚砷酸根的竞争吸附行为促使含水层砷的解吸. 相似文献
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Keisuke Kuroda Takeshi Hayashi Ayako Funabiki An Thuan Do Vu Duc Canh Tran Thi Viet Nga Satoshi Takizawa 《Hydrogeology Journal》2017,25(4):1137-1152
Groundwater pollution by arsenic is a major health threat in suburban areas of Hanoi, Vietnam. The present study evaluates the effect of the sedimentary environments of the Pleistocene and Holocene deposits, and the recharge systems, on the groundwater arsenic pollution in Hanoi suburbs distant from the Red River. At two study sites (Linh Dam and Tai Mo communes), undisturbed soil cores identified a Pleistocene confined aquifer (PCA) and Holocene unconfined aquifer (HUA) as major aquifers, and Holocene estuarine and deltaic sediments as an aquitard layer between the two aquifers. The Holocene estuarine sediments (approximately 25–40 m depth, 9.6–4.8 cal ka BP) contained notably high concentrations of arsenic and organic matter, both likely to have been accumulated by mangroves during the Holocene sea-level highstand. The pore waters in these particular sediments exhibited elevated levels of arsenic and dissolved organic carbon. Arsenic in groundwater was higher in the PCA (25–94 μg/L) than in the HUA (5.2–42 μg/L), in both the monitoring wells and neighboring household tubewells. Elevated arsenic concentration in the PCA groundwater was likely due to vertical infiltration through the arsenic-rich and organic-matter-rich overlying Holocene estuarine sediments, caused by massive groundwater abstraction from the PCA. Countermeasures to prevent arsenic pollution of the PCA groundwater may include seeking alternative water resources, reducing water consumption, and/or appropriate choice of aquifers for groundwater supply. 相似文献
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为了认识高砷地下水中砷活化迁移的生物地球化学机制,对江汉平原地下水氧化还原敏感元素的水化学特征及溶解性有机物(DOM)三维荧光信息进行了研究.水化学研究显示,地下水中的砷与铁的还原和有机质的氧化分解过程有密切关系.水样DOM的三维荧光分析表明,地下水中存在微生物介导下氧化还原过程的反应性有机物组分,其中醌类腐殖质与铁、硫酸盐等的还原反应过程联系紧密.还原、氧化醌类及易降解DOM组分与还原产物、砷的关系进一步显示,砷的活化与微生物介导下的铁氧化物的还原过程联系在一起.在这一过程中,易降解有机物充当电子供体的角色并被消耗,而还原醌与氧化醌则很可能扮演了电子飞行过程中的电子飞行物,"催化"了砷活化的氧化还原过程. 相似文献
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Contrasting sorption behaviours affecting groundwater arsenic concentration in Kandal Province,Cambodia 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Laura A.Richards Maria J.Casanueva-Marenco Daniel Magnone Chansopheaktra Sovann Bart E.van Dongen David A.Polya 《地学前缘(英文版)》2019,10(5):1701-1713
Natural arsenic(As)contamination of groundwater which provides drinking water and/or irrigation supplies remains a major public health issue,particularly in South and Southeast Asia.A number of studies have evaluated various aspects of the biogeochemical controls on As mobilization in aquifers typical to this region,however many are predicated on the assumption that key biogeochemical processes may be deduced by sampled water chemistry.The validity of this assumption has not been clearly established even though the role of sorption/desorption of As and other heavy metals onto Fe/Mn(hydr)oxides is an important control in As mobilization.Here,selective chemical extractions of sand-rich and clay-rich sediments from an As-affected aquifer in Kandal Province,Cambodia,were undertaken to explore the potential role of partial re-equilibrium through sorption/desorption reactions of As and related solutes(Fe,Mn and P)between groundwater and the associated solid aquifer matrix.In general,groundwater As is strongly affected by both pH and Eh throughout the study area.However,contrasting sorption behaviour is observed in two distinct sand-dominated(T-Sand)and clay dominated(T-Clay)transects,and plausibly attributed to differing dominant lithologies,biogeochemical and/or hydrogeological conditions.Sorption/desorption processes appear to be re-setting groundwater As concentrations in both transects,but to varying extents and in different ways.In T-Sand,which is typically highly reducing,correlations suggest that dissolved As may be sequestered by sorption/re-adsorption to Fe-bearing mineral phases and/or sedimentary organic matter;in T-Clay Eh is a major control on As mobilization although binding/occlusion of Fe-bearing minerals to sedimentary organic matter may also occur.Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted with groups categorised by transect and by Eh,and the output correlations support the contrasting sorption behaviours encountered in this study area.Irrespective of transect,however,the key biogeochemical processes which initially control As mobilization in such aquifers,may be "masked" by the re-setting of As concentrations through in-aquifer sorption/desorption processes. 相似文献
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Babar A. Shah 《Environmental Geology》2008,53(7):1553-1561
Late Quaternary stratigraphy and sedimentation in the Middle Ganga Plain (MGP) (Uttar Pradesh–Bihar) have influenced groundwater
arsenic contamination. Arsenic contaminated aquifers are pervasive within narrow entrenched channels and flood plains (T0-Surface) of fine-grained grey to black coloured argillaceous organic rich Holocene sediments (Newer Alluvium). Contaminated
aquifers are often located close to distribution of abandoned or existing channels and swamps. The Pleistocene Older Alluvium
upland terraces (T2-Surface) made up of oxidized yellowish brown sediments with calcareous and ferruginous concretions and the aquifers within
it are free of arsenic contamination. MGP sediments are mainly derived from the Himalaya with minor inputs from the Peninsular
India. The potential source of arsenic in MGP is mainly from the Himalaya. The contaminated aquifers in the Terai belt of
Nepal are closely comparable in nature and age to those of the MGP. Arsenic was transported from disseminated sources as adsorbed
on dispersed phases of hydrated-iron-oxidea and later on released to groundwater mainly by reductive dissolution of hydrated-iron-oxide
and corresponding oxidation of organic matter in aquifer. Strong reducing nature of groundwater is indicated by high concentration
of dissolved iron (11.06 mg/l). Even within the arsenic-affected areas, dugwells are found to be arsenic safe due to oxyginated
nature. 相似文献
17.
Environmental geochemistry of high arsenic groundwater at Hetao plain was studied on the basis of geochemical survey of the
groundwater and a core sediment. Arsenic concentration in groundwater samples varies from 76 to 1093 μg/L. The high arsenic
groundwater mostly appears to be weakly alkaline. The concentrations of NO3− and SO42− are relatively low, while the concentrations of DOC, NH4+, dissolved Fe and sulfide are relatively great. Analysis of arsenic speciation in 21 samples shows that arsenic is present
in the solution predominantly as As(III), while particulate arsenic constitutes about 10% of the total arsenic. Methane is
detected in five samples with the greatest content being 5107 μg/L. The shallow aquifer in Hangjinhouqi of western Hetao plain
is of strongly reducing condition. The arsenic content in 23 core sediment samples varies from 7.7 to 34.6 mg/kg, with great
value in clay and mild clay layer. The obvious positive relationship in content between Fe2O3, Mn, Sb, B, V and As indicates that the distribution of arsenic in the sediments may be related to Fe and Mn oxides, and
the mobilization of Sb, B and V may be affected by similar geochemical processes as that of As. 相似文献
18.
Xianjun Xie Yanxin WangChunli Su Huaiqing LiuMengyu Duan Zuoming Xie 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》2008
To better understand the sources and mobilization processes responsible for arsenic enrichment in groundwater in the central part of Datong Basin where serious arsenic poisoning cases have been reported, hydrochemical characteristics of the groundwater and the geochemical and mineralogical features of the aquifer sediments were studied. The aqueous arsenic levels are strongly depth-dependent in the study area and the high arsenic concentrations are found at depths between 15 m and 60 m, with a maximum up to 1820 μg/L. The hydrochemical characteristics of high arsenic groundwater from the Datong Basin indicate that the mobilization of arsenic is related to reductive dissolution of Fe oxides/oxyhydroxides and/or desorption from the Fe oxides/oxyhydroxides at high pH (above 8.0). The bulk chemical results of sediments show the arsenic and iron are moderately correlated, suggesting that arsenic is associated with iron-bearing minerals. Results of sequential-extraction experiment show that solid-phase arsenic is similarly distributed among the different pools of reservoir in the aquifer sediments. Strongly adsorbed arsenic and co-precipitated arsenic are its dominant species in the solid-phase. Geochemical studies using chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy on magnetically separated fractions demonstrate that iron oxides/oxyhydroxides with residual magnetite and chlorite, illite, iron oxides/oxyhydroxides-coated quartz and feldspar, and ankerite are the dominant carriers of arsenic in the sediments. The major processes of arsenic mobilization are probably linked to desorption of As from Fe oxides/oxyhydroxides and reductive dissolution of Fe-rich phases in the aquifer sediments under reducing and alkaline conditions. 相似文献
19.
为了解包气带土壤DOM组成特征, 探索其对砷向地下水中迁移的影响, 对江汉平原高砷区土壤DOM进行了三维荧光光谱分析.结果表明DOM主要为类腐殖质成分, 芳香性官能团的减少导致荧光强度随包气带深度增加而变小, 局部深度荧光信号不规则变化指示非均质土壤剖面上DOM组分或主导官能团的变化.平行因子分析表明, DOM组分可更细致地分解为4种组分, 与微生物源的还原、氧化醌类和陆生的腐殖质富里酸类等相似.砷很可能在DOM腐殖质成分络合作用下与之随水体一起向下迁移, 砷的迁移也可能与微生物源的醌类作用过程有关.三维荧光光谱分析准确、快速地刻画了包气带土壤DOM的组分类别及空间变化特征, 初步揭示了DOM影响砷迁移的可能作用方式, 为进一步的地下水砷污染机制的研究提供了重要的参考信息. 相似文献