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1.
Garratt and Physick (1983) presented observations which show a strong correlation between low-level wind behaviour and the passage of mesoscale pressure systems. They numerically simulated the wind observations by specifying a time sequence of perturbation pressure gradients and then solving the vertically integrated momentum equation. Here a similar procedure was used for computing the low-level wind field associated with the passage of a squall line over Lake Huron on August 22, 1971. The results from the numerical model agree reasonably well with observations. 相似文献
2.
The Effects of Strong Ageostrophic Outflows on the Formation of Surface Mesoscale Pressure Systems in Squall Lines 
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下载免费PDF全文 Based on the previous study of the streamline field triggered by singularities in a two-dimensional potential flow,the wind ficld caused by vorticity lines in an incompressible flow is deduced in this paper.The result shows an elliptic cyclonic(anticyclonic)circulation in association with a positive(negative)vorticity line.By use of the shallow-water model,the flow fields are simulated in a weak wind background under the influence of mesoscale vorticity lines.In the case of two vorticity line,one positive and the other negative,a mesoscale vortex couplet forms in the flow.When three vorticity lines are considered,three mesoscale circulations develop,and a mesohigh and two mesolows similar to the thunderstorm high,wake low and pre-squall mesolow of a mature squall line are produced.Theoretical analysis and numerical simulations show that the formation of the surface mesoscale pressure systems in squall lines may be partly attributed to the dynamical effects of the ageostrophic outflows.The strong downdrafts under the thundercloud base of the squall line lead to surface ageostrophic outflows,and produce positive-negative-positive arranged vcrtical vorticity bands(VBs)along the direction normal to the squall line,then the mesoscale circulations develop and mesoscale pressure systems form or strengthen during the geostrophic adjustment.By use of the scale separation method,this dynamic mechanism is confirmed by a case study of a severe storm passing over eastern China on 17 June 1974. 相似文献
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江淮地区暖区飑线中尺度观测研究 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
本文依据地面、高空常规资料,华东中尺度天气试验加密资料,地面温、压、湿、风、降水自记及卫星、雷达资料,对1983年4月27日晚至28日晨的江淮地区暖区飑线进行分析,揭示了飑线的一些有意思的特征。分析表明,飑线经大别山东侧自西向东传播,接近低空西南风急流轴时,对流强度发生变化;飑线过境有短时增温、伴有降性阵水特征;飑线的地面气压由β尺度的飑前中低压、飑后中高压及紧随其后的对称中低压组成。由空间结构分析看到飑前有自近地层开始的暖湿入流,飑后有来自对流层中高层的下沉气流等特征。将其和热带及美国的中纬度飑线比较发现,这次暖区飑线的气压场、温度场、风场及天气分布与经典飑线有差异,与热带及美国中纬度飑线也有区别,我们认为这是副热带地区暖区飑线的特点。 相似文献
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冷涡对两类对流系统结构演变作用的个例模拟对比分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
2015年8月22日,在同一冷涡背景下,华北东北部形成了多单体风暴,而在黄淮地区出现飑线过程。本文根据观测资料给出冷涡对中尺度对流系统发生发展的动力和热力作用,并基于WRF中尺度数值模式的模拟结果,对比分析了两类对流系统的形态结构演变和运动过程的差异、差异产生的原因及冷涡的作用,主要结论如下:(1)两类对流系统均位于冷涡后部,但形态演变和运动过程差异显著,北部分散性对流受地面风辐合及地形抬升的共同影响发展形成多单体风暴,呈西北—东南排列,主要以前向传播的方式缓慢向东南偏南方向运动,带来短时强降水为主的天气;南部线状对流由山东西北部和河南北部形成的多个孤立单体合并后形成,随后在黄淮地区发展为飑线系统,在平流移动为主的作用下向东南方向快速运动,产生雷暴大风和冰雹天气。(2)北部多单体风暴在冷暖气团交界面形成,位于冷涡西南象限,低层水汽和能量充足;新对流单体在边界层被触发后,沿着低层切变线向高能区传播。(3)南部飑线系统在冷槽后的地面干暖区低压带中形成,中尺度对流系统产生的冷池和雷暴高压的出流与环境相互作用,低层水汽条件转好,使得单体不断传播和合并,发展为飑线系统。(4)中层后部入流的强度和环境水汽条件对两类对流系统组织化过程有不同影响,飑线中层后部入流的增强主要来自环境西风分量的增加,与冷涡发展演变使得环境风场增强有关;北部对流湿层深厚,所处的中层风场弱,不利于多单体风暴组织化发展;南部飑线系统位于更强的环境西风引导气流中,后部中层入流强、高层环境空气干,有利于强下沉气流形成,从而促进雷暴高压和冷池的发展,强下沉气流还使中低层的风速增加,垂直风切变增强,有利于对流单体组织化发展形成线状对流。 相似文献
5.
利用自动站观测资料、FY-2G卫星资料和多普勒雷达等资料,对发生在副热带高压影响下的重庆局地强风暴过程进行了观测和数值模拟分析,探讨了其中尺度对流系统(MCS)演变,抬升触发和维持机制。结果表明:(1)在副热带高压影响下,重庆处于高温、高湿气团中,大气层结极不稳定;(2)此次局地风暴抬升触发的关键因子是地面附近浅薄边界层中尺度辐合线,辐合线由川渝盆地中西部MCS的雷暴高压与重庆地面热低压共同作用形成;(3)中尺度辐合线触发的对流风暴形成小范围冷池出流与环境风场形成新的辐合线,加强对流风暴发展,并再次触发新的对流单体。承载层平均风为偏南风,使得对流单体向北缓慢移动,冷池出流和边界层辐合线共同作用使得风暴单体向西向北传播和长时间维持。 相似文献
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不同强度台风相伴随的内陆台前飑线对比分析 总被引：6，自引：6，他引：0
本文应用多种常规观测资料和非常规观测资料,以两个强度差异较大的台风(201409号台风威马逊和200606号台风派比安)在内陆造成的台前飑线为研究对象,从飑线产生的实况、大尺度环流背景及飑线不同阶段进行分析,重点以飑线初生阶段的环境条件和成熟阶段的地面中尺度特征、垂直结构进行对比分析。分析结果表明:(1)"威马逊"飑线主要是台风倒槽和副热带高压(以下简称"副高")的相互作用引起的;而"派比安"飑线则是由台风倒槽、副高、西风槽相互作用引起的;两次过程副高位置的不同造成台风外围东南急流位置的差异,"派比安"飑线过程中东南急流更有利于飑线的持续。(2)飑线初生阶段,充沛的水汽来源、明显的条件不稳定、不稳定能量的积累、对流抑制能量的减小均为飑线的初生提供了有利的条件,地面辐合线使得离散的对流单体组织发展成飑线;而水汽条件、地面辐合线位置的差异导致了两次飑线初生位置的不同;对流有效位能(CAPE)、对流抑制位能(CIN)差异预示着"派比安"飑线过程对流发展潜势强于"威马逊"飑线过程。(3)飑线成熟阶段:由地面温压场特征分析出"派比安"飑线冷池中心比"威马逊"飑线更明显;垂直动力结构更有利于强对流的产生和发展。(4)西风槽底部和台风倒槽顶部在湘北的结合,使得已衰减的"派比安"飑线再次增强发展形成Ⅱ阶段飑线。(5)和以往研究的西风带飑线相比,这两次飑线过程并没有分析出那么强的"雷暴高压"、正变压,但有冷池、明显的温度梯度、气压梯度,低层的垂直风切变主要是由风的方向变化所导致。 相似文献
7.
摘要：利用西安多普勒天气雷达、L波段风廓线雷达和加密自动站探测资料，结合天气实况，对2018年7月26日发生在陕西一次副热带高压影响下的的强风暴过程进行了中尺度分析。结果表明：（1）本次强风暴伴随的阵风锋共维持了4h，其中有3h出现7级以上的大风，且最大风力10级。（2）在副热带高压影响下，陕西处于高温、高湿气团中，大气层结极不稳定。（3）此次强风暴在高的对流有效位能环境下（CAPE）下，抬升触发的关键因子是关中地区中尺度辐合线，当初生的对流云团下山后，中尺度辐合线触发的对流风暴形成小范围冷池出流与环境风场形成新的辐合线，加强对流风暴发展。（4）当阵风锋移动过程中遇到前方的对流云团时，将低层暖湿空气抬升，并随着上升气流输送到主体对流风暴中，迅速补充了主体风暴的能量，使得主体风暴再次强烈发展，延长了阵风锋的生命史。 相似文献
8.
M. V. Kurgansky A. V. Chernokulsky I. I. Mokhov 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2013,38(8):539-546
Analyzed are large- and mesoscale atmospheric processes which preceded and accompanied the tornado formation on June 12, 2012 near Khanty-Mansiysk city (61° N) in West Siberia. After the record-breaking hot weather observed in the region during the first half of June 2012, the tornado formation was favored by the passage of the cold front (cold advection at low altitudes), by the wind rotation with height in the lower atmospheric layer of 1.5 km (by more than 180°), and by very high air humidity in the surface layer with the cloud base of about 200 m. Estimated are the possible trends in the nature of the atmospheric circulation over West Siberia at the global warming observed in the 21st century which may contribute to a more regular tornado formation in high-latitudinal regions due to the physiographic peculiarities of the region. 相似文献
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利用常规观测资料、FY-2E卫星观测的TBB资料,对2015年8月19日发生在林芝地区的一次暴雨过程进行天气分析,并利用中尺度数值模式WRF的模拟结果分析此次暴雨过程中尺度系统的结构特征。结果表明,此次暴雨过程发生在高原低涡切变的环流形势下,伴随辐合线发展的线状对流系统是此次暴雨发生的主要原因。WRF模式可较好地模拟出暴雨过程的环流形势和降水的落区、量级。西南风引导的暖湿气流为暴雨的发生、发展提供充沛的水汽条件;对中尺度结构的分析表明,低层辐合、高层辐散的结构以及在降水区存在的正涡度伴随强烈的上升运动为此次暴雨过程提供了有利的动力条件,假相当位温的分布能够为暴雨提供有利的热力条件,垂直螺旋度低层正中心的配置反映出大气的不稳定分布,有利于中尺度对流系统的发展与维持。 相似文献
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2012年4月2日华东灾害性飑线大风成因分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
2012年4月2-3日华东地区出现8～11级灾害性大风,此次大风影响时间长,持续强度大,造成了严重的人员伤亡和经济损失。为探讨大风天气成因,运用传统的天气学方法和多普勒雷达等资料,对此次飑线大风过程产生的天气背景及中尺度发展演变特征进行了分析。结果表明,此次大风是由中尺度系统飑线和冷空气共同影响造成的。前期是在江淮气旋天气背景下,近地面激发出中尺度飑线系统,飑线经历了形成、发展、减弱三个阶段,在每个阶段,雷达强度图上的回波形状、强度、回波顶高,以及速度图上的逆风区、速度模糊等特征都与实况有很好的对应关系;在发展成熟阶段出现了冷湿雷暴高压和冷池,加剧了大风的发展和维持。后期大风主要是受冷空气影响产生。在实际业务工作中,传统的天气学分析方法和以多普勒雷达为代表的先进探测手段相结合,是监测和预警此类强对流天气的主要手段,能够在一定程度上弥补数值预报模式的不足。 相似文献
14.
Surface mesoscale features associated with leading convective line-trailing stratiform squall lines over the Gangetic West Bengal 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In this paper an attempt is made to identify the mesoscale features in surface pressure pattern, if any, associated with thunderstorm over the Gangetic West Bengal region in India. The study was conducted over Kharagpur and the adjoining area in the Gangetic West Bengal, frequently affected by thunderstorms during the pre-monsoon seasons of April–May. Observations recorded at 50 m instrumented micro-meteorological tower and upper air sounding at Kharagpur under nationally coordinated Severe Thunderstorm Observations and Regional Modeling (STORM) Programme are used to study the variation in surface pressure, wind speed and direction, temperature and relative humidity associated with the squall lines with trailing stratiform precipitation region. In the surface pressure variation, pre-squall mesolow, mesohigh and wake low are identified with the passage of the squall line at Kharagpur. It is observed that in the squall line with trailing stratiform precipitation shield, the mesohigh is associated with convective line and wake low exists at the rear of the storms. The position of the mesohigh is typically found in the vicinity of the heavy rain directly beneath the downdraft. The mesohigh seems to be initiated by the cooling due to evaporation of precipitation in the downdraft and intensified due to the non-hydrostatic effect because of the rainfall directly beneath the downdraft. It is also observed that the passage of trailing edges of the stratiform precipitation coincided with the wake low. Upper air sounding shows mid-tropospheric cooling and lower tropospheric warming. It may be possible due to the dominance of evaporative cooling in the mid-levels and dynamically forced descending motion leading to adiabatic warming in the low levels which may lead to the formation of the wake low. 相似文献
15.
The Kuroshio Extension region is characterized by energetic oceanic mesoscale and frontal variability that alters the air–sea fluxes that can influence large-scale climate variability in the North Pacific. We investigate this mesoscale air-sea coupling using a regional eddy-resolving coupled ocean–atmosphere (OA) model that downscales the observed large-scale climate variability from 2001 to 2007. The model simulates many aspects of the observed seasonal cycle of OA coupling strength for both momentum and turbulent heat fluxes. We introduce a new modeling approach to study the scale-dependence of two well-known mechanisms for the surface wind response to mesoscale sea surface temperatures (SSTs), namely, the ‘vertical mixing mechanism’ (VMM) and the ‘pressure adjustment mechanism’ (PAM). We compare the fully coupled model to the same model with an online, 2-D spatial smoother applied to remove the mesoscale SST field felt by the atmosphere. Both VMM and PAM are found to be active during the strong wintertime peak seen in the coupling strength in both the model and observations. For VMM, large-scale SST gradients surprisingly generate coupling between downwind SST gradient and wind stress divergence that is often stronger than the coupling on the mesoscale, indicating their joint importance in OA interaction in this region. In contrast, VMM coupling between crosswind SST gradient and wind stress curl occurs only on the mesoscale, and not over large-scale SST gradients, indicating the essential role of the ocean mesocale. For PAM, the model results indicate that coupling between the Laplacian of sea level pressure and surface wind convergence occurs for both mesoscale and large-scale processes, but inclusion of the mesoscale roughly doubles the coupling strength. Coupling between latent heat flux and SST is found to be significant throughout the entire seasonal cycle in both fully coupled mode and large-scale coupled mode, with peak coupling during winter months. The atmospheric response to the oceanic mesoscale SST is also studied by comparing the fully coupled run to an uncoupled atmospheric model forced with smoothed SST prescribed from the coupled run. Precipitation anomalies are found to be forced by surface wind convergence patterns that are driven by mesoscale SST gradients, indicating the importance of the ocean forcing the atmosphere at this scale. 相似文献
16.
强热带风暴碧利斯 (0604) 引发的特大暴雨中尺度结构多普勒雷达资料分析 总被引：11，自引：3，他引：8
强热带风暴 “碧利斯” (Bilis) 于2006年7月14日12:50在福建省霞浦县北壁镇再次登陆, 与南海季风相互作用, 在福建省引发特大暴雨。作者利用双多普勒雷达三维风场反演技术对厦门和龙岩新一代多普勒雷达时间同步探测资料进行了风场反演, 综合利用雷达回波强度资料, 对造成长泰、 漳州特大暴雨的中尺度对流系统的三维结构及其演变特征进行了详细分析。结果表明: (1) 此次特大暴雨主要是由中低层西南[CD*2]东北走向的β中尺度辐合线引发的, 辐合线对于水汽输送以及暴雨的形成、 触发、 维持具有重要作用, 辐合线在暴雨的整个生命史过程中经历了由弱变强、 由强变弱的演变过程, 变化过程与降水的强弱演变过程基本同步。 (2) 由于丰富的水汽供应和中低层辐合线的动力抬升作用, 西南[CD*2]东北走向的β中尺度回波带的西南不断有新的γ中尺度对流单体生成, 在沿着辐合线向东北移动过程中进一步发展、 合并形成β中尺度对流线, 造成持续的强降水。最后, 还给出了此次特大暴雨的三维云系结构模型。 相似文献
17.
A Diagnostic and Numerical Study on a Rainstorm in South China Induced by a Northward-Propagating Tropical System 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 A strong cyclonic wind perturbation generated in the northern South China Sea （SCS） moved northward quickly and developed into a mesoscale vortex in southwest Guangdong Province, and then merged with a southward-moving shear line from mid latitudes in the period of 21-22 May 2006, during which three strong mesoscale convective systems （MCSs） formed and brought about torrential rain or even cloudburst in South China. With the 1° ×1° NCEP （National Centers for Environment Prediction） reanalysis data and the Weather and Research Forecast （WRF） mesoscale model, a numerical simulation, a potential vorticity inversion analysis, and some sensitivity experiments are carried out to reveal the formation mechanism of this rainfall event. In the meantime, conventional observations, satellite images, and the WRF model outputs are also utilized to perform a preliminary dynamic and thermodynamic diagnostic analysis of the rainstorm systems. It is found that the torrential rain occurred in favorable synoptic conditions such as warm and moist environment, low lifting condensation level, and high convective instability. The moisture transport by strong southerly winds associated with the rapid northward advance of the cyclonic wind perturbation over the northern SCS provided the warm and moist condition for the formation of the excessive rain. Under the dynamic steering of a southwesterly flow ahead of a north trough and that on the southwest side of the West Pacific subtropical high, the mesoscale vortex （or the cyclonic wind perturbation）, after its genesis, moved northward and brought about enormous rain in most parts of Guangdong Province through providing certain lifting forcing for the triggering of mesoscale convection. During the development of the mesoscale vortex, heavy rainfall was to a certain extent enhanced by the mesoscale topography of the Yunwu Mountain in Guangdong. The effect of the Yunwu Mountain is found to vary under different prevailing wind directions and intensities. The location o 相似文献
18.
梅雨锋上两类中尺度对流系统形成的边界层特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用具有较高时空分辨率的地面观测资料以及WRF（Weather reasearch and forecasting）模式输出资料,分析了2009年6月29一-30日梅雨锋暴雨过程中两类不同的中尺度对流系统（rnesoscale convective system,MCS）边界层特征及边界层对两类MCS的触发维持机理,重点分析了海平面气压场特征、边界层冷池、干线及其在MCS中的影响。结果表明：两类中尺度对流系统的海平面气压特征存在着明显的差异,对流爆发阶段地面风场存在辐合线,再次激发阶段气压场呈“跷跷板”型的中尺度扰动,即由前置中低压和后置中高压组成,最强的对流带位于中低压和中高压之间的过渡区内;边界层辐合线是第一类中尺度对流系统（MCSl）维持的重要因素;MCSl爆发后边界层冷池生成,冷池前的冷出流与低层环境风产生的强辐合触发了第二类中尺度对流系统（MCS2）;存在于中低压和中高压之间的中尺度干线是MCS2的重要特点之一。 相似文献
19.
一次滇中暴雨中尺度对流系统特征分析 总被引：13，自引：5，他引：8
应用MICAPS常规资料、FY-2卫星观测资料及昆明CINRAD-CC雷达回波资料,将诊断分析与探测资料相结合综合分析了2003年7月21日滇中暴雨过程的中尺度对流系统特征,指出：500、700hPa高低层冷暖平流的配置、500hPa低槽、700hPa切变线及地面冷锋是此次暴雨过程的大尺度环境背景;高能高湿的不稳定能量、低层辐合、强的垂直风切疫的存在,利于强对流形成并诱发中尺度对流系统MCS;多普勒雷达上强风暴的发展,与暴雨区范围及强弱对应;多普勒速度图显示,中尺度涡旋、中尺度辐合线、逆风区等多个中尺度系统,是此次滇中强对流暴雨产生的直接影响系统。 相似文献
20.
对2006年4月28日山东省一次飑线天气过程进行诊断分析，应用湿位涡守恒理论研究了飑线的发展机制。结果表明：飑线是由500hPa西风槽影响产生的，为低层增温增湿，高层冷空气南下，低能舌叠加在高能舌之上，导致大气对流性不稳定。850hPa切变线和地面低压槽中的辐合上升运动触发对流不稳定能量释放，产生中尺度对流云团，在热力不稳定和风垂直切变的环境条件下对流云团东移发展，形成飑线。低层大气湿斜压性增强，破坏了地转平衡，倾斜涡度发展，上升运动增强，对流发展；高空高位势涡度下传使得中低层位势涡度增大，导致其垂直涡度增大，有利于对流层低层中尺度涡旋发展，对流增强。较强的上升运动与风垂直切变相互作用，促使对流系统发展形成飑线，产生雷雨大风。 相似文献