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中国叠合盆地的形成演化主要经历了海相盆地形成和盆地叠加改造两大构造期,发生了多期构造变动下的多期油气成藏及后期不同程度的改造和破坏。构造运动决定了叠合盆地海相层系成藏条件与油气保存的差异性,盆地及其周缘造山带构成的盆山结构决定了中国西部叠合盆地油气保存条件的优劣。膏盐岩和泥页岩是叠合盆地中最主要的两类盖层,多期构造变动背景下盖层的封盖有效性是油气保存的重要条件。岩浆活动时间与油气生成、运移时间的先后配置关系同油气保存密切相关。地下水水文和古流体地球化学特征可作为油气保存条件的判识性指标来指示油气运移、聚集及破坏。油气的聚集和散失量模拟提供了一种油气保存条件定量研究的新思路。油气保存单元和保存系统的概念及相关评价体系能够很好地反映油气保存条件的分割性。以构造演化为主线,全面分析油气保存条件各影响因素的多维时空配置关系,多角度系统评价叠合盆地海相地层油气保存条件将成为重要研究方向,对于圈闭评价优选及海相油气勘探部署具有重要的参考指导意义。 相似文献
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《热带海洋学报》2017,(5)
为深入理解被动大陆边缘凹陷斜坡断裂的构造特征和演化机制,利用最新的三维地震资料分析珠江口盆地白云凹陷北坡带的断裂发育特征,应用断层生长指数研究断裂的活动期次,结合断裂活动期间的沉积响应特点,分析断层发育演化机制。结果显示,白云凹陷北坡断裂走向以NWW向为主,发育部分NEE至近E—W向小断裂;断层倾角较陡,单条断层剖面形态主要为板式断层,组合构造样式主要呈阶梯状和"X"形断裂组合样式;裂后阶段主要有23.03~21Ma和19.1~15.97Ma和10~2.59Ma三期活动,其中10Ma后断层活动强度显著增大。断裂走向研究表明新生代区域伸展应力场由近N—S向向NNE向顺时针偏转,偏转角度约为8°。相对于陆架凹陷发育的断裂,位于陆坡深水区白云凹陷断裂体系特点主要是断裂活动时间较长且活动强度多变。研究表明,白云凹陷北坡裂后断裂的发育演化主控因素是主凹持续强烈的热沉降,南海扩张对北缘的弱挤压作用也是重要的影响因素,南海块体和西菲律宾海板块的汇聚活动则对断裂构造活化有重要影响。白云北坡的沉积发育对构造活动具有较为明显的响应,尤其是裂后第三期的构造活化期,受东沙运动影响,表现为一系列水道下切、深水沉积滑塌和削截抬升,根据其变形特点,推测东沙运动的构造应力主要来自东侧。 相似文献
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济阳坳陷桩海地区的古潜山断裂 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
桩海地区位于渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷北部,由于其处于多个潜山的结合带,有些部位研究力度不够。利用大量最新地震剖面和钻井资料,绘制出该区古生界及中生界沉积残留厚度图,分析了12条断裂的构造特征及其演化。这12条断裂控制了研究区古潜山的构造格局,并对潜山储集性能起着良好的改造作用,使储层沿断裂呈带状分布。桩海地区的构造演化大致经历了印支-早燕山期、晚燕山期和喜山期3个阶段,并于喜山期定型。通过分析认为桩海地区断层多为变换断层,NE向断裂下降盘的古潜山没有油气,而上升盘一侧的构造高点有较好的油气藏,内幕构造圈闭和岩性油气藏也有广阔的前景。 相似文献
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东海西湖凹陷平湖构造带异常压力与油气成藏 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
东海陆架盆地西湖凹陷平湖构造带深部普遍发育异常高压,对研究区的异常压力的分布特征、主导成因及其对油气成藏的影响进行了系统研究。平湖构造带深部储层和泥岩现今普遍发育超压,且不同区带超压主导成因不同;超压对有机质的热演化和烃类的生成无明显影响,对储集层物性有保存和改善作用,对油气运聚先起动力作用促进再运移,后起封堵作用形成聚集,对深部泥质盖层起超压封盖作用。 相似文献
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研究区位于珠江口盆地惠州凹陷西南部,毗邻西江凹陷,属于NEE走向和NE走向两组构造体系的转换部位。该地区古近系主要发育近EW走向、NW走向和NE走向的3组断裂,剖面上总体呈平直和铲状两种形态。3组断裂共同控制了研究区古近系不同时期的断陷结构特征。断层活动性和构造沉降分析表明,文昌组沉积期研究区东部北倾断层和西部南倾断层活动强烈,沉降量和沉降速率均较大;恩平组沉积期,受南海扩张影响,总体呈现南倾断层,即向海倾断层活动明显增强,沉降量和沉降速率显著增大的特点;至珠海组沉积期断层活动总体较弱。构造格局及其演化明显控制沉积物充填。快速生长断层因两盘差异沉降显著,其下降盘往往地层厚度大,以发育扇三角洲沉积体系为特征;慢速生长断层下降盘的地层厚度相对较薄,以发育沿断层转换带延伸的辫状河三角洲沉积体系为主。研究区古近纪的构造演化并非简单继承,而是重大转换(T80面是重要的构造变革面),且这种转换是被动大陆边缘近端带对南海扩张作用远程响应的结果。 相似文献
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古断层的再复活是脆性地壳的一个常见的变形机制,主要取决于新的不同应力场的活动和断层的方向、倾角和强度。在强烈变形的地区,断层再复活可能会导致盆地倒转或拉裂盆地（或拉张盆地）的发育（De Graciansky等,1989;Williams等,1989）;在弱变形的克拉通内部地区,断层再复活能够导致基底的上覆盖岩单元破碎。由基底深层断层再复活导致的表层断裂模式取决于断层的运动学性质（即走滑、正或逆断层）：在走滑断层R的情况下,R’和T断裂形成于表层盖层之中（Riedel,1929;Tchalenko,1970）, 相似文献
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生长断层是在伸展和走滑盆地中一种重要且广泛存在的构造样式。通过地震资料定性识别出东海陆架盆地南部地区18条生长断层;根据断裂对研究区各级构造单元控制作用和纵向切穿地层情况,将其划分为一级控盆断裂、二级控凹断裂、三级控带断裂和盖层断裂;通过断裂平面分布特征研究认为研究区的断裂以NE、NNE延伸为主,少数为NEE方向;利用地震剖面在研究区识别出阶梯状组合断层带、“Y”字型组合断层、多米诺式断层带、地堑、地垒等多种断裂组合样式;又结合生长指数和断层落差两种方法对研究区生长断层的运动学特征进行了定量统计分析,发现研究区生长断层在古近纪时期活动强度具有自西向东逐渐递减趋势,区内断层活动期次自西向东逐渐变新,整个研究区内生长断层在古近纪盆地裂陷—断陷期活动强度最大,中新世后断裂活动趋于稳定。认为晚中生代以来太平洋板块西缘俯冲后撤和印度板块向亚欧板块俯冲碰撞在东海陆架盆地形成的远程蠕散效应,使东海陆架盆地形成了拉张伸展应力场环境,是研究区发育大量生长断层的首要原因。同时,加强对研究区生长断层伴生构造如滚动背斜和缓坡带阶梯状断裂组合封堵形成的岩性圈闭研究,有利于推动东海陆架中新生代盆地资源勘探可持续发展。 相似文献
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北康盆地构造特征及其构造区划 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
北康盆地是位于南沙中部海城的新生代沉积盆地，新生代沉积盖层在盆地内广泛发育，根据地震反射特征及地震反射界面的区域对比，盆地基层可进一步划分为3个构造层。北康盆地西南边界发育延贾断裂，该断裂西起万安盆地，向东直于加里曼丹。从渐新世始，廷贾断裂先后经历了3次规模较大的构造活动。南沙海槽西北缘断裂位于北康盆地的东南边界，该断裂把北康盆地和南沙海槽盆地分隔开来。北康盆地内断裂主要有北东、北西和南北向三组，其中南北、北西向断层往往错断北东向断层。在详细讨论断层特征和沉积盖层布规律的基础上，对北康盆地的二级构造单元进行了划分。 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
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Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level. 相似文献
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Sediment properties, such as water content and density, have been used to estimate the dry and wet weights, as well as the volume of sediment recovered and discharged, during benthic impact experiments conducted in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. The estimates show that the weights of dry (355-1332 t) and wet sediment (1651-4888 t) recovered during the experiments, are not only a function of the total duration and distance covered during the experiment, but also depend on water content and density of the sediment. Estimation of dry sediment and its volumetric ratio in the discharge, are key parameters for calculating the discharged volume. The estimated volume of wet sediment recovered (1427-4049 m 3 ) as well as discharged (2693-6951 m 3 ) during the experiments, provide important inputs to evaluate the sediment resettlement and migration. Using these estimates, the average depth of excavation on the seafloor, can also been calculated. However, the stages of sediment recovery and discharge are expressed differently in some of the experiments. In order to standardize these, different stages have been identified, and definitions of certain terms have been suggested, for use in the future. The methods of calculating different properties, as well as weight and volume of discharged sediment are described in the paper for use in other applications concerning deep-sea discharges. 相似文献
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A vertically integrated model has been used to study the tidal circulation and currents in the Gulf of Kachchh along the west coast of India. The model is fully nonlinear and uses a semiexplicit finite difference scheme to solve the basic hydrodynamic equations on a staggered grid. The model is forced by prescribing the tides along the open boundary of the model domain. The flow is simulated both with and without the presence of the proposed tidal barrage across the Hansthal Creek in the Gulf of Kachchh. The results show a considerable change in the behavior of the tidal flow in the presence of the barrage. 相似文献
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利用中国GF-3卫星SAR和HY-2A卫星微波散射计的首次台风联合定量观测 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
<正>The typhoon,as a mature tropical cyclone that develops in the western part of the North Pacific Ocean with high wind speed and heavy rainfall,is one of the most lethal and costly of natural disasters for the densely populated countries of East Asia.It can be easily detected by space-borne sensors operated at microwave,visible or infrared bands(Liu et al.,2014).Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR)is 相似文献
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Soil core samples fromRhizophora mangleL. andAvicennia schauerianaStapf & Leech forests from south-eastern Brazil were analysed for their total organic matter content and their sugars, amino acid and amino sugars composition. Organic carbon and nitrogen contents were higher inAvicenniathan inRhizophorasoils. The contribution of sugars and amino acids to the total organic carbon pool was constant with depth inRhizophorasoils whereas inAvicenniasoils it increased. Spectral distribution of sugars and amino acids showed a dominance of Ca-affine monomers, particularly acidic amino acids, and the sugar arabinose. Biogeochemical indicators derived from ratios of individual sugar and amino acid monomers confirm previous studies which showed that organic matter in both soils is mainly of mangrove origin. The results further suggest accumulation of organic matter inRhizophorasoils and a continuing degradation of organic matter inAvicenniasoils. The latter may thus release more nutrients to adjacent ecosystems thanRhizophorasoils. 相似文献
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《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(1):181-203
Orange roughy Hoplostethus atlanticus are unusual fish. They form dense aggregations that have fuelled lucrative fisheries at great depths (600–1 400 m), especially off Namibia, New Zealand and Australia. They are thought to be very long-lived (>100 years, maturity at 22 – 40 years), and to have exceptionally low natural mortality (M = 0.045–0.064 year?1) and slow growth rates (K = 0.055–0.070 year?1). In addition, they spawn large eggs and have low fecundity. These factors combine to make orange roughy highly susceptible to overfishing; most stocks are below 30% of pristine levels. Assessments are obtained from indices of catch rate and trawl, acoustic and egg surveys. Acoustic estimates are the most direct, but are confounded by the species' low target strength (?50 to ?53 dB)–attributable to the wax-filled swim bladder. Extracellular wax esters are stored in abundance and comprise mostly mono-unsaturated fatty acids, with low concentrations of the ω-3 fatty acid family. This unusual composition (resultant from the species' diet) ensures neutral buoyancy. Stock separation has been inferred mainly from biological studies, but genetic studies have also found differences among stocks within New Zealand and Australia. Deep-water habitat may be damaged by trawling operations and may take many years to recover, so in some quarters there is a call for a portion of suitable habitat to be set aside for preservation. Although Namibian orange roughy are shallower, smaller and younger than those in other stocks, the Namibian fishery sustained high catches for only a few years before quotas were reduced, from 12 000 to 1 875 tons. Three management lessons are suggested for developing orange roughy fisheries based on the Namibian experience: (1) imposition of catch limits during exploratory fishing; (2) starting the acoustic surveys earlier in the fishery, if possible; (3) greater reliance on trends in catch rate until a survey series has been established. 相似文献