共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 218 毫秒
1.
2.
《海洋技术学报》2015,(6)
Wa-LiD模型是近年来国外学者发展的激光雷达水体回波信号模型,该模型用物理参数仿真了LiDAR激光从水表面穿透水体到水底再返回传感器所形成的波形,水体光学量的表达是该模型重要组成部分,包括水体三要素的吸收和散射,然而涉及到这部分的表达式和参数并未公开。文中借鉴前人在水体吸收、散射光学性质方面的研究成果,构建了物理意义明确的激光雷达水体回波信号仿真模型,提出了基于仿真模型的激光雷达水深探测模型,并分析了模型的水深反演能力。研究结果表明该水深激光雷达探测模型在1~15 m水深段内平均绝对误差15.6 cm、平均相对误差4.58%,在HawkEye系统标称的测深精度范围内;并表现出在大于8 m深水段平均绝对误差普遍大于浅水区域;随水深增大,平均相对误差有递减的趋势。 相似文献
3.
波形分解是机载测深LiDAR数据处理的关键环节,为水深计算、底质类型反演和水体浑浊度分析等提供基础信息。针对传统测深LiDAR波形分解算法受噪声干扰严重、对微弱及叠加信号分解不准确的问题,提出一种新的波形分解算法。对原始波形经小波滤波后,计算滤波前后尾段波形的差异,估计回波信号的噪声;利用高斯模型,从原始波形数据中不断分解出经LM算法优化参数后的波形分量,直到剩余波形中最大峰值与优化后的参数小于一定阈值。通过南海实测数据进行验证,实验结果表明:该算法分解弱回波能力强,不论在浅水(回波发生叠加)还是深水,其分解精度均优于传统算法。 相似文献
4.
针对全波形三维激光测绘雷达(LiDAR)在数字地形测量中如何降低背景噪声问题,提出了一种基于经验模态分解(EMD)和小波阈值的自适应降噪方法。在扫测的地形信号经EMD分解后,计算内蕴模式函数(IMF)与经过2/3阶重构的扫测信号之间的互相关函数,从而改善小波阈值自适应地对IMF中的高频噪声成分进行滤除。实验结果表明,与EMD重构降噪法、小波阈值降噪法和传统的EMD-小波联合降噪法比较,这种方法在对全波形LiDAR回波信号的噪声剔除和地物信号保留方面具有明显的优势,降噪后信号的误差能缩小10%~20%,波形相关性能提升5%~20%,信噪比能提升20%~40%。 相似文献
5.
水下主动声探测是水下目标探测的主要技术之一,其目标回波信号的模拟技术对水下作战防御、声呐和水中兵器以及水下目标探测系统的研制、实战操作训练等多项国防及民用领域具有十分重要的作用。 针对常见的 CW 和 LFM 主动声探测信号,开展了运动目标回波信号波形的重构技术研究。 在捕获得到主动声探测脉冲的条件下,利用“波形存储重发”的基本方法,根据运动目标相对运动速度,重新设置回波信号采样频率,从而实现宽带回波信号(LFM 信号)及窄带回波信号(CW 信号)的多普勒频移模拟。 根据目标回波时延信息,给出了目标回波时延重构模拟方法,并根据不同目标类型和入射方位给出了目标强度参数设置的参考。 相似文献
6.
“SZ-4”飞船高度计天线指向角反演方法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用2003年2月7到8日“SZ-4”高度计的波形数据,经过波形数据预处理(波形为1 s的平均、去除热噪声和波形归一化)后,对海面回波波形后沿进行拟合,计算出了高度计天线的指向角,结果表明,“SZ-4”飞船高度计天线的指向角几乎全部在0.024°以内,天线指向在计算时间内比较稳定. 相似文献
7.
针对双频测深激光雷达数据的特点,研究了利用激光回波波形特征实现点云数据水陆分离的方法。激光和水体的相互作用通常会导致激光回波波形的展宽,与仅在空气中传播的陆地激光回波有明显区别。首先采用高斯函数对回波数据进行波形模拟,用期望方差最大法求解高斯函数的最优参数,得到波形拟合特征参数,随后以绿波段的波宽之和以及红波段与绿波段振幅比值这两个指标作为水陆分离的特征参数,采用最佳阈值分割法得到阈值参数并实现水陆分离,最后采用遥感影像辅助生成准确的水陆点云类别,评价本文方法的分类精度。实验结果表明,基于回波波形特征和阈值分割的方法能够较为准确地实现双频测深激光雷达数据的水陆分离,数据正确率优于94%。 相似文献
8.
中国近岸海域高度计JASON-1测量数据的波形重构算法研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
卫星雷达高度计的测量数据目前已被广泛应用于各个领域,但高度计在近海的测量数据却一直不可用,一方面是因为高度计在近岸海域的回波波形测量受陆地回波的影响,另一方面是因为一些校正量对近海不准确,如大气湿对流层校正、海洋潮汐校正以及大气高频因数校正等。通过对高度计在近海测量的回波波形进行重构处理,可以缩短近海数据不可用的距离,提高数据的数量和质量。以我国海域及邻近海域(14°~45°N,105°~130°E)为研究区域,采用四种波形重构算法(海洋算法、重力中心偏离算法、冰层算法二和阈值算法)对JASON-1高度计1 a共31个周期的测量波形重新进行了计算,比较了轨道交叉点处升轨和降轨的海面高度异常值以及海面高度值与验潮站的实测水位,结果表明重力中心偏离法比其他三种算法更适合我国近海的测高波形重构:计算结果精度最高,有效数目最多。 相似文献
9.
神舟四号高度计波形数据预处理和信息提取 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
神舟四号(SZ-4)高度计在国内首次提供了星载雷达高度计回波波形数据.本文中作者分析了SZ-4高度计回波波形的特点,完成波形数据的预处理,并在此基础上完成初步的信息提取.在数据预处理方面,通过SZ-4高度计水陆边界处波形的特点,提出了波形最大幅度控制的方法,筛选回波波形.在波形归一化处理过程中,发现SZ-4高度计波形中存在双峰现象,并指出第二个峰为异常波形区.在波形信息提取方面,利用波形重新跟踪得到的半功率点计算出SZ-4高度计高度跟踪补偿误差,并根据高度计天线指向角和回波波形下降沿斜率之间的关系,从波形后沿提取天线指向角信息.分析结果表明,SZ-4高度计天线指向比较平稳,而跟踪补偿由于变化较大,在计算海面高度时,应作为一项误差源被考虑到. 相似文献
10.
针对浅海测深的数据特点和应用需求,以我国南海甘泉岛为例,研究了利用ICESat-2(Ice,Cloud,and Land Elevation Satellite-2)激光卫星数据和光学遥感影像开展主被动融合水深测量的方法。首先通过信号点提取、水面/水底识别、水下点折射改正等步骤处理ICESat-2数据,获得水深值,随后以激光点作为控制,计算光学水深反演模型参数,最后由点及面地获取大范围高精度水深。实验表明,甘泉岛区域主被动融合测深中误差优于1.30m,基于激光卫星数据的主被动融合测深方法能够为浅水水深测量提供新手段。 相似文献
11.
12.
Owing to the multipath effect, the source localization in shallow water has been an area of active interest. However, most methods for source localization in shallow water are sensitive to the assumed model of the underwater environment and have poor robustness against the underwater channel uncertainty, which limit their further application in practical engineering. In this paper, a new method of source localization in shallow water, based on vector optimization concept, is described, which is highly robust against environmental factors affecting the localization, such as the channel depth, the bottom reflection coefficients, and so on. Through constructing the uncertainty set of the source vector errors and extracting the multi-path sound rays from the sea surface and bottom, the proposed method can accurately localize one or more sources in shallow water dominated by multipath propagation. It turns out that the natural formulation of our approach involves minimization of two quadratic functions subject to infinitely many nonconvex quadratic constraints. It shows that this problem (originally intractable) can be reformulated in a convex form as the so-called second-order cone program (SOCP) and solved efficiently by using the well-established interior point method, such as the software tool, SeDuMi. Computer simulations show better performance of the proposed method as compared with existing algorithms and establish a theoretical foundation for the practical engineering application. 相似文献
13.
绕岛理论来自于Sverdrup理论,被广泛用于估计和分析通过岛屿之间海峡的输运情况。以往的研究得到了带有侧摩擦或底摩擦的单岛理论或多岛理论。本文在线性情况下考虑了风驱动环流下的解析模型。在同时考虑侧摩擦和底摩擦的情况下,推导出了岛屿周围输运流函数的解析解,并给出了通过岛屿之间通道的流量输运。其结果与Wajsowicz相似,但摩擦常数表示不同的值。从解析解上看,摩擦常数与侧摩擦和底摩擦之间的关系比较复杂,为了推导出它们之间的相互作用原理,本文在正压β平面上随机选取了一些侧摩擦和底摩擦的值。结果表明,在构成摩擦常数方面,侧摩擦和底摩擦近似呈线性关系。我们研究了宽度对通道输运值的影响,结果表明摩擦在一定宽度内提高了流量,这种现象和只考虑侧摩擦时比较相似。本文也比较了在不同深度下的流量,发现当水平涡粘性系数和底部拖曳系数固定时,水深越大,输运减少率越小。为了进一步揭示侧摩擦和底摩擦耗散的联合作用,在两个岛屿的情况下,本文在不同宽度的通道中与Wajsowicz的只考虑底摩擦或侧摩擦的模型进行了比较。结果表明,当通道比较窄,尤其是在小于Munk边界层厚度时,侧摩擦的作用大于底摩擦。当通道宽度远大于Munk边界层厚度时,底摩擦的作用大于侧摩擦。将模型应用到印尼贯穿流,得到大约20%的输运减少量。 相似文献
14.
15.
在河口海岸工程中,常常会面临岸滩冲蚀、岸线演变、航道淤积、建筑物底部淘刷等涉及泥沙起动和输运的问题,而水流对底床的剪切力是研究泥沙起动与输运的重要参数。本文利用自行设计的底床剪切力测量装置,在不同流速的水流中,分别在固定砂床(定床)和可移动砂床(动床)上进行了底部剪切力的直接测量;同时,根据试验中声学多普勒流速仪(ADV)测得的流速信息,采用湍流动能法对底床剪切力进行了估算。结果显示:当比例系数取值0.19时,估算出的底床剪切力与测量值吻合较好。对测量结果进行分析后发现,流速较小、砂粒未起动时,动、定砂床上的底部剪切力大致相同;在有砂粒起动的情况下,动床上的底部剪切力比定床上的大,相对差值最大约20%。因此当涉及底床剪切力的问题时,需要先确认床面形式,然后再进行分析研究。 相似文献
16.
A short cut numerical method for evaluation of the modes of free oscillations of the basins which have irregular geometry and bathymetry is presented in this paper. In the method, a single wave is inputted to the basin as an initial impulse. The respective agitation in the basin is computed by using the numerical method solving the nonlinear form of long wave equations. The time histories of water surface fluctuations at different locations due to propagation of the waves in relation to the initial impulse are stored and analyzed by the fast Fourier transform technique (FFT) and energy spectrum curves for each location are obtained. The frequencies of each mode of free oscillations are determined from the peaks of the spectrum curves. The method is tested by using regular shaped flat bottom basins with different depths. The computed periods of free oscillations are compared with the theoretical values. The accuracy and performance of the method are discussed. As a case study for the application to the basins of irregular shape and bathymetry, the periods of free oscillations of the sea of Marmara is determined and discussed. 相似文献
17.
Characteristics of water mass under the surface mixed layer in Tsushima Straits and the southwestern Japan Sea in autumn 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Tetsutaro Takikawa Akihiko Morimoto Goh Onitsuka Atsushi Watanabe Masatoshi Moku 《Journal of Oceanography》2008,64(4):585-594
Two different cold waters were found under the surface mixed layer in Tsushima Straits and the southwestern Japan Sea in autumn
2004. One is cold saline water with a low concentration of dissolved oxygen, and the other is cold less saline water with
a high concentration of dissolved oxygen. The older saline water originates from the bottom of the East China Sea, strongly
influenced by the Kuroshio water with high salinity. The bottom density in the eastern channel of the Tsushima Straits is
coincident with that of the East China Sea in autumn, corresponding to the season when the cold saline water was frequently
found in the Tsushima Straits. The newer less saline water originates from the front of Tsushima Warm Current between the
Tsushima Warm Current water and the surface cold water in the Japan Sea. This water is formed by subduction above the isopycnal
surface from the front of the Tsushima Warm Current. 相似文献
18.
Dynamics of long spatial nonlinear waves in an ocean with a density jump and a gently sloping bottom
G. A. Khabakhpashev 《Oceanology》2008,48(4):457-465
This paper deals with the modeling of the propagation of three-dimensional gravitational perturbations of small but finite amplitudes in shallow two-layered water in basins with a gently sloping bottom. A single integral-differential evolution equation is derived that takes into account the long-wave contributions of the inertia of liquid layers and surface tension and the weak nonlinearity of the disturbances, as well as the nonstationary water shear srtess at the bottom. A numerical implementation of the model equation that allows us to adequately describe the processes considered is suggested. The transformations of spatial solitary perturbations in the pycnocline of basins with different bottom topographies are presented. 相似文献
19.
A modeling study of the dynamics of pore water seepage from intertidal marsh sediments 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
Leonard Robert Gardner 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2005,62(4):691-698
A numerical boundary integral equation model has been used to simulate tidally driven transient variations in pore water seepage from salt marsh sediments into tidal channels and its subsequent recharge by tidal inundation. In general the results show that the maximum seepage discharge occurs at or near the intersection of the creek bank and the channel water surface. Over a tidal cycle typically two-thirds of the total seepage discharge occurs through the creek bank with only about a third discharging from the channel bottom. Of the creek-bank discharge up to a third occurs through the seepage face that develops above the tide line at tidal stages below mean tide. These results indicate that placement of seepage meters only on the channel bottom will not give samples or measures representative of the total seepage. Of the total recharge only about 5% occurs through the upper part of the creek bank with the remainder infiltrating vertically through the marsh platform during early stages of tidal submergence. For the platform recharge about 80% occurs within 3 m of the creek bank. Thus, most of the water that seeps out of marsh sediments is derived from sediments that lie within several meters of the creek bank and accordingly has had a relatively short residence (one to two years) in the marsh. Compared to the distal portion of the marsh this relatively rapid flushing may enhance the productivity of Spartina alterniflora in the creek-bank environment and control the differential generation of radium quartet isotopes. 相似文献