Southern China is a major grain-producing area, but has been suffering from increasingly serious droughts caused by global warming. As a result, crop losses have become serious. To provide insights into these losses, we obtained data to support a systematic and comprehensive analysis of how agricultural drought has caused crop losses from 1961 to 2011 and of the relationship between these changes and the climatic factors responsible for the losses. We found an obvious increase in the loss of crops due to agricultural drought in southern China, with the greatest increase in crop loss in the southwest and smaller increases in the south and southeast. Moreover, because each crop growth stage is affected differently by climatic factors and because the values of these factors show an uneven seasonal distribution, the losses were greatest when changes in various climatic factors occurred during key crop developmental periods. The fittings of the relationship between crop loss and various climatic factors was often strongest based on data from key developmental periods rather than based on data for the whole year. In addition, we found improved prediction of losses using multiple regression, and developed a model for assessing crop losses. Our results provide a scientific reference for developing methods to evaluate the losses caused by agricultural drought in southern China.
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为使黑龙江省高产、高效、优质农业持续稳定发展，需合理利用农业气候资源，减轻或避免气候灾害的影响。黑龙江省主要气象灾害预报及区划着重考虑对黑龙江省农业生产有重要影响的冷害、涝害和旱害，研究其发生规律、形成原因，产生机制，最终作出灾害预测。再用对２的危害和灾害指标，根据全省和主要灾害的地理分布特点进行分区研究防勺，作出区划。配合农业生产发展的需要，为抗、避、防农业气象灾害，为农业区域化、专家化提供气候 相似文献
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根据黑龙江省1959—2008年雷暴日及1999—2008年雷电灾害资料,结合黑龙江省人口密度、城市发展等社会经济特征,选取雷暴日数、雷电灾害频度、生命易损模数及经济易损模数作为雷电灾害风险评估指标,采用层次分析法确定评估指标权重分布,建立雷电灾害风险评估模型,形成黑龙江省雷电灾害风险区划图,并对该省雷电灾害风险进行了综合评估。结果表明:位于黑龙江省中部松花江、呼兰河流域的哈尔滨、绥化和位于西部嫩江流域的齐齐哈尔为雷电灾害极高风险区;位于北部大兴安岭和小兴安岭山区的大兴安岭、黑河、伊春为高风险区;位于东部三江平原的鹤岗、鸡西、七台河为中风险区;位于东部三江平原腹地的佳木斯、双鸭山和位于东南部河谷盆地的牡丹江为低风险区。 相似文献
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The threat of global climate change has caused concern among scientists because crop production could be severely affected by changes in key climatic variables that could compromise food security both globally and locally. Although it is true that extreme climatic events can severely impact small farmers, available data is just a gross approximation at understanding the heterogeneity of small scale agriculture ignoring the myriad of strategies that thousands of traditional farmers have used and still use to deal with climatic variability. Scientists have now realized that many small farmers cope with and even prepare for climate change, minimizing crop failure through a series of agroecological practices. Observations of agricultural performance after extreme climatic events in the last two decades have revealed that resiliency to climate disasters is closely linked to the high level of on-farm biodiversity, a typical feature of traditional farming systems.Based on this evidence, various experts have suggested that rescuing traditional management systems combined with the use of agroecologically based management strategies may represent the only viable and robust path to increase the productivity, sustainability and resilience of peasant-based agricultural production under predicted climate scenarios. In this paper we explore a number of ways in which three key traditional agroecological strategies (biodiversification, soil management and water harvesting) can be implemented in the design and management of agroecosystems allowing farmers to adopt a strategy that both increases resilience and provides economic benefits, including mitigation of global warming. 相似文献
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围绕可持续的绿色精准农业这一目标,针对农田"四情"(苗情、墒情、病虫情、灾情)监测的物联网应用,从农作物生产过程的信息获取、传输、处理、服务4个层面上构建物联网应用系统,内容涉及农田的苗情、墒情、病虫情和灾情的感知,低功耗低成本自组织的无线传输网络,强大处理能力的云服务支撑平台和农作物生产管理决策系统,实现实时监测预警,病虫害防治和灾情评估等功能,为提升农业综合生产能力、抵御自然灾害风险,发展优质高产高效现代农业提供技术支撑. 相似文献
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气候变化对作物产量影响的动态统计评价模式，主要是运用积分回归原理，探索作物生育期内以旬为时间单位的气候变化对作物产量形成的影响规律。由于该模式能及时连续地进行气候影响评价，使评价工作能直接的为农业生产进行跟踪服务。在建模过程中引用了三项式产量预报模型、特殊影响因子诊断分析和选取最佳积分因归方程等方法，并在试用中取得了较满意的结果。 相似文献
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中国农业气象业务系统(CAgMSS)是基于C/S架构,研发的面向国家级和省级农业气象服务的业务工作平台,主要包括农业气象监测评价、作物产量预报、灾害监测评估、农用天气预报等子系统,是农业气象业务的基础性软件。系统融合现代信息技术和农业气象业务技术,实现了全部子系统数据管理、模型运算、产品制作等业务流程的一体化。系统采用大型关系型数据库规范了农业气象各类业务数据,基于插件技术集成各项业务功能,实现多元数据、多指标、多模型在农业气象监测、评价、预报等领域的综合应用,提高了农业气象产品的定量化、精细化、客观化水平。系统于2012年投入业务应用,基于该系统制作的农业气象情报、作物产量气象预报、农业气象灾害影响评估、关键农时农事气象保障等服务产品,在指导全国农业生产和防灾减灾中发挥了重要作用,明显提高了农业气象业务能力和业务工作效率。 相似文献
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从和田河流域棉蚜越冬基数、气候条件、作物布局及发育期、防治措施、品种特点等方面,分析了和田河流域棉蚜大发生的原因,结果表明气候条件与棉蚜大发生关系十分密切,作物布局及发育期和防治措施也是棉蚜泛滥成灾的主要因素。提出了棉蚜防治的各项技术措施与气象服务。 相似文献
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首次采用区域数值预报模式与农业气象模型结合的技术途径, 构成一个气候模式-土壤水分模式-灌溉模式的系统模型。模型的数值天气预报部分采用大气过程与陆面过程耦合的区域气候模式; 农业气象模型采用适用于冬小麦区的土壤水分和灌溉管理预报模型。研究表明, 本模型较农业气象模型中一般用气候平均作为环境背景场的方法其预测能力有显著提高, 并提供覆盖整个小麦生长期的区域土壤水分定量预报和灌溉管理服务, 具有很好的使用和推广前景。 相似文献
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和田河流域棉蚜大发生原医及防治与气象服务 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从和田河流域棉蚜越冬基数、气候条件、作物布局及发育期、防治措施、品种特点等方面，分析了和田河流域棉蚜大发生的原因，结果表明气候条件与棉蚜大发生关系十分密切，作物布局及发育期和防治措施也是棉蚜泛滥成灾的主要因素，提出了棉蚜防治的各项技术措施与气象服务。 相似文献
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