共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 234 毫秒
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高频GPS可以实时获取地表位移数据,在地震学中有十分重要的现实应用,比如快速获取震中、震级、地震烈度甚至震源破裂过程.本文以汶川地震为例,首先利用近场7个GPS台站数据反演震中位置,由于高频GPS和测震学确认的震相不一致,两种震中结果相距约15.7 km.然后对高频GPS和强震动数据进行了比较分析,我们的统计结果表明,尽管由于工作原理不同,高频GPS数据中的地震动峰值与强震记录相比存在明显差异,但是高频GPS记录的PGA、PGV和PGD同样可以作为计算地震烈度的指标.进而,使用SMBLOC程序对强震记录进行事后的基线偏移校正,得到与实时高频GPS精度相当的地表位移序列.最后,采用移动平均窗口对这些位移数据作平滑,基于最速下降法和OKADA模型,对汶川地震断层破裂的过程进行了回溯性准实时反演.结果表明,汶川地震主断层由西南向东北方向破裂,以14∶28∶04为基准,在震后20 s提供初始震级MW7.0,震后70 s震级稳定在MW7.8,但断层仍在破裂,在震后159 s根据位移波形判断事件基本结束.研究表明,实时地表位移数据可以快速准确获取强震震级和破裂方向,从而使得高频GPS将对现有地震预警系统提供很好的补充. 相似文献
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北京时间2022年9月5日12时52分,四川甘孜藏族自治州泸定县发生6.8级地震.利用震中附近1 Hz高频GNSS观测数据获取了同震速度和位移波形,并快速测定了泸定地震的震中和震级.实验结果表明：高频GNSS反演的震中与美国地质调查局(USGS)发布的震中相差32 km,与中国地震台网中心发布值相差16 km;高频GNSS反演的震级,与两个机构均仅差0.1个震级单位.针对地震预警、震后快速响应等时效性应用,提出了一种联合高频GNSS和强震数据的线源破裂特征快速反演方法.泸定地震实验结果表明：在震后20 s时可获得稳定的线源模型,破裂长度、方向和破裂模式值分别为33.3 km、151°和0.6,破裂方向与USGS震源机制解断层走向相差14°,反演的断层破裂模式为双侧破裂.提出的地震断层破裂特征快速反演方法可用于地震预警、震后灾害快速评估以及紧急响应,同时可为今后联合高频GNSS和强震数据快速测定地震破裂特征提供参考. 相似文献
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高频GNSS震时形变波震相及识别是GNSS地震学的重要内容.在实时数据处理基础上,本文利用振动台的高频GNSS观测实验,并结合近期部分大震的高频GNSS形变波震相特征进行研究.数据处理结果表明,实时处理与事后处理的精度在同一量级,且与采样率无关.通过与同址观测强震仪和地震计记录的对比及特定震相的频谱分析,发现高频GNSS可完整记录P波、S波、Love波及Rayleigh波震相,影响震相记录的主要因素是GNSS定位精度与震级,而仅当震中距很小时,采样率将产生一定影响.研究结果得出：基于地震波传播规律,利用高频GNSS台阵记录的形变波空间分段特征,结合震相运动轨迹及其他地震波记录,可实现实时高频GNSS形变波的震相识别. 相似文献
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根据峰值加速度、速度、位移对构造环境剪应力场和地震矩的依赖关系,导出了直接计算矩震级的公式．用北京怀来小台网（速度记录）、唐山强震观测台网（加速度记录）和北京地区台网（速度记录）的地震记录资料,检验了这些公式的可用性．结果表明,利用加速度或速度记录测定的矩震级与常规方法（根据位移谱高度）测定的矩震级十分接近．证明了这些公式的正确性,从而拓宽了用于测定震级的资料类型,即不仅限于位移记录,速度和加速度记录都可用于测定震级． 相似文献
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2023年8月6日山东平原发生MS 5.5地震,中国地震台网中心获得丰富的测震和强震台站三分量波形数据。使用2°—10°震中距范围内80个台站的宽频带垂直向速度记录,测量该地震的宽频带面波震级;使用震中距200 km范围内1 278个强震仪和简易烈度计三分量记录,计算近场强震动加速度反应谱值。结果表明,宽频带面波震级M(S(BB))平均值为5.5,震中西南侧台站测定震级相对偏小,偏大台站多分布在东北侧。近场强震动加速度反应谱呈NE—SW走向的条带状分布特征,沿断层破裂方向衰减慢,垂直断层方向衰减快。宽频带面波震级和加速度反应谱的空间分布特征支持本次地震以东北向单侧破裂为主,对照震中区地震断层资料,本次地震可能属于高唐和陵县—阳信隐伏断裂体系。 相似文献
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2021年5月22日青海玛多MW7.4地震作为发生在巴颜喀拉块体内部的一次强震,再次引起了人们对该地区地震活动性的强烈关注.本文基于震后GNSS流动观测和区域连续GNSS站资料,解算了106个站点的同震形变及其中17个站点的高频形变波形.同震形变场显示玛多地震具有典型的左旋走滑特征,GNSS观测到的最大同震位移达到1.2 m.GNSS与InSAR数据相符度较高,GNSS提供了准确的近场形变信息.基于GNSS同震形变场,本文反演了断层滑动分布,并计算了发震断层上产生的库仑应力变化.结果表明,发震断层的滑动破裂存在多个凹凸体,破裂分段特征明显且出露地表,与野外地表破裂考察和余震分布吻合,主体破裂位于断层面0~10 km的浅部区域,最大滑动量达到4.6 m,地震矩1.63×1020N·m,矩震级为MW7.4;发震断层上静态库仑应力增加区域与余震分布具有一致性,说明余震主要是由静态库仑应力加载而触发的. 相似文献
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隐伏和出露地表断层近断层地表运动特征的研究进展 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
本文介绍了在强震地震学研究方面国内外目前所关注的重要问题：隐伏断层和出露地表断层在地震发生时近断层地表运动特征存在着明显的差异。根据近几十年全球发生的中强地震的地表运动参数的统计分析所得的结果表明,由隐伏断层所造成的近断层地表运动强度（速度、加速度）大于出露地表断层所产生的地表运动强度,虽然发生在出露地表断层的地震往往可造成较大的近断层地表位移,但是当地震矩震级（MW）达到 7.5 级以上的时候,近断层地表加速度和速度在近源区却出现了饱和现象。对该问题的深入研究有着十分重要的科学意义和工程应用价值。本文着重介绍了当前国际上对该问题的研究现状,并且建议在此基础上利用三维有限差分断层动力学模型,模拟断层的动态破裂过程以及近断层地表运动的特征。 相似文献
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2022年9月5日四川泸定县发生M6.8级强震,震中位于鲜水河断裂东南末端,野外地质调查初步结果显示本次地震并未发现明显的地表破裂迹象.本文基于震后科考GNSS流动观测和震中周边连续站观测资料,解算并提取震中90 km范围内31个测站的静态水平向同震位移.结果显示：GNSS同震形变场空间分布呈现明显的左旋走滑特征,观测到的最大水平向同震位移达23 cm,震中距50 km范围内同震位移量普遍大于1 cm.基于GNSS观测资料反演得到的同震滑动分布显示泸定地震地表破裂主要集中在磨西至田湾之间,主破裂深度2～8 km,最大滑动量～1.96 m,地震矩9.25×1018N·m,对应矩震级MW6.6.静态库仑应力结果显示本次地震增强了震源破裂区周边活动断层的库仑应力,并触发了大量余震,余震主要发生在库仑应力增强区域.结合震间闭锁分布、历史地震及库仑应力变化,我们认为未来需要密切关注与磨西断裂交接的安宁河、大凉山断裂以及康定—磨西段的地震危险性. 相似文献
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COSEISMIC DISPLACEMENT FIELD OF THE WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE DERIVED FROM STRONG MOTION RECORDS AND APPLICATION IN SLIP INVERSION 
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下载免费PDF全文 The development of high-rate GNSS seismology and seismic observation methods has provided technical support for acquiring the near-field real-time displacement time series during earthquake. But in practice, the limited number of GNSS continuous stations hardly meets the requirement of near-field quasi-real-time coseismic displacement observation, while the macroseismographs could be an important complement. Compared with high-rate GNSS, macroseismograph has better sensitivity, higher resolution(100~200Hz)and larger dynamic range, and the most importantly, lower cost. However, baseline drift exists in strong-motion data, which limits its widespread use. This paper aims to prove the feasibility and reliability of strong motion data in acquiring seismic displacement sequences, as a supplement to high-rate GNSS.
In this study, we have analyzed the strong-motion data of Wenchuan MS8.0 earthquake in Longmenshan fault zone, based on the automatic scheme for empirical baseline correction proposed by Wang et al., which fits the uncorrected displacement by polynomial to obtain the fitting parameters, and then the baseline correction is completed in the velocity sequence. Through correction processing and quadratic integration, the static coseismic displacement field and displacement time series are obtained. Comparison of the displacement time series from the strong motions with the result of high-rate GPS shows a good coincidence. We have worked out the coseismic displacement field in the large area of Wenchuan earthquake using GPS data and strong motion data. The coseismic displacement fields calculated from GPS and strong motions are consistent with each other in terms of magnitude, direction and distribution patterns. High-precision coseismic deformation can provide better data constraint for fault slip inversion. To verify the influence of strong-motion data on slip distribution in Wenchuan earthquake, we used strong motion, GPS and InSAR data to estimate the stress drop, moment magnitude and coseismic slip model, and our results agreed with those of the previous studies. In addition, the inversion results of different data are different and complementary to some extent. The use of strong-motion data supplements the slip of the fault in the 180km segment and the 270~300km segment, thus making the inversion results of fault slip more comprehensive.
From this result, we can draw the following conclusions:1)Based on the robust baseline correction method, the use of strong motion data, as an important complement to high-rate GNSS, can obtain reliable surface displacement after the earthquake. 2)The strong motion data provide an effective method to study the coseismic displacement sequence, the surface rupture process and quick seismogenic parameters acquisition. 3)The combination of multiple data can significantly improve the data coverage and give play to the advantages of different data. Therefore, it is suggested to combine multiple data(GPS, strong motion, InSAR, etc.)for joint inversion to improve the stability of fault slip model. 相似文献
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高频GNSS数据实时精密单点定位(RTPPP)可实时获得地表瞬时动态形变和地震波信号,为地震参数快速确定、地震快速响应及海啸预警提供实时的观测资料.本文构建了实时GNSS地震仪系统,主要包括RTPPP和实时探测两部分.利用RTPPP 方法处理了模拟的震动实验平台实验数据和2010年Baja California地震的数据,并与惯导(IMU)、事后PPP和差分相对定位结果比较,定量评估了实时GNSS地震仪系统的精度.结果表明,该系统可实现水平方向优于1cm,高程方向优于3cm的实时定位,且对Baja California地震的实时探测结果与南加州地震数据中心公布的结果相一致. 相似文献
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For earthquake and tsunami early warning and emergency response,the earthquake epicenter and magnitude should be determined rapidly and correctly.Using high-rate GPS observations,we can readily obtain precise and high resolution displacement time series and the seismic waveforms during the earthquake.In this paper,a new algorithm is proposed for estimating the earthquake epicenter and magnitude with the seismic waveforms derived from high-rate GPS data during the earthquake.A case study of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake is conducted from 1 Hz GPS data and the epicenter and magnitude are determined.Compared with the results issued by the China Seismological Bureau,the estimation error of the epicenter and the magnitude is about 12 km and 0.1 magnitude unit,respectively.It has shown that high-rate GPS could be a new tool feasible for estimating the earthquake epicenter and magnitude,independent of or combined with seismometers. 相似文献
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In this article, the seismic records of Japan’s Kik-net are selected to measure the acceleration, displacement, and effective peak acceleration of each seismic record within a certain time after P wave, then a continuous estimation is given on earthquake early warning magnitude through statistical analysis method, and Wenchuan earthquake record is utilized to check the method. The results show that the reliability of earthquake early warning magnitude continuously increases with the increase of the seismic information, the biggest residual happens if the acceleration is adopted to fit earthquake magnitude, which may be caused by rich high-frequency components and large dispersion of peak value in acceleration record, the influence caused by the high-frequency components can be effectively reduced if the effective peak acceleration and peak displacement is adopted, it is estimated that the dispersion of earthquake magnitude obviously reduces, but it is easy for peak displacement to be affected by long-period drifting. In various components, the residual enlargement phenomenon at vertical direction is almost unobvious, thus it is recommended in this article that the effective peak acceleration at vertical direction is preferred to estimate earthquake early warning magnitude. Through adopting Wenchuan strong earthquake record to check the method mentioned in this article, it is found that this method can be used to quickly, stably, and accurately estimate the early warning magnitude of this earthquake, which shows that this method is completely applicable for earthquake early warning. 相似文献
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《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2015,(11)
In this study, we demonstrate an approach for inverting earthquake source parameters based on high-rate global positioning system(GPS) velocity seismograms. The velocity records obtained from single-station GPS velocity solutions with broadcast ephemeris are used directly for earthquake source parameter inversion using the Cut and Paste method, without requiring conversion of the velocity records into displacement records. Taking the El Mayor-Cucapah earthquake as an example, GPS velocity records from 10 stations with reasonable azimuthal coverage provide earthquake source parameters very close to those from the Global centroid moment tensor(Global CMT) solution. In sparse network tests, robust source parameters with acceptable bias can be achieved with as few as three stations. When the number of stations is reduced to two, the bias in rake angle becomes appreciable, but the magnitude and strike estimations are still robust. The results of this study demonstrate that rapid and reliable estimation of earthquake source parameters can be obtained from GPS velocity data. These parameters could be used for early earthquake warning and shake map construction, because such GPS velocity records can be obtained in real time. 相似文献
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Qi Li Kai Tan Dong Zhen Wang Bin Zhao Rui Zhang Yu Li Yu Jie Qi 《Journal of Seismology》2018,22(3):805-814
The spatio-temporal slip distribution of the earthquake that occurred on 8 August 2017 in Jiuzhaigou, China, was estimated from the teleseismic body wave and near-field Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data (coseismic displacements and high-rate GPS data) based on a finite fault model. Compared with the inversion results from the teleseismic body waves, the near-field GNSS data can better restrain the rupture area, the maximum slip, the source time function, and the surface rupture. The results show that the maximum slip of the earthquake approaches 1.4 m, the scalar seismic moment is ~ 8.0 × 1018 N·m (Mw?≈?6.5), and the centroid depth is ~ 15 km. The slip is mainly driven by the left-lateral strike-slip and it is initially inferred that the seismogenic fault occurs in the south branch of the Tazang fault or an undetectable fault, a NW-trending left-lateral strike-slip fault, and belongs to one of the tail structures at the easternmost end of the eastern Kunlun fault zone. The earthquake rupture is mainly concentrated at depths of 5–15 km, which results in the complete rupture of the seismic gap left by the previous four earthquakes with magnitudes >?6.0 in 1973 and 1976. Therefore, the possibility of a strong aftershock on the Huya fault is low. The source duration is ~ 30 s and there are two major ruptures. The main rupture occurs in the first 10 s, 4 s after the earthquake; the second rupture peak arrives in ~ 17 s. In addition, the Coulomb stress study shows that the epicenter of the earthquake is located in the area where the static Coulomb stress change increased because of the 12 May 2017 Mw7.9 Wenchuan, China, earthquake. Therefore, the Wenchuan earthquake promoted the occurrence of the 8 August 2017 Jiuzhaigou earthquake. 相似文献
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2001年昆仑山口西MS8.1地震经历了一个复杂的破裂过程,其破裂长、幅度大、破裂速度多变,成为大陆型地震研究的典型地震。本文融合近场高精度大地测量观测（4幅InSAR影像,34个GPS点位同震位移）和高信噪比远震波形记录,基于有限断层反演理论,联合反演得到该地震同震破裂时空过程的统一模型;同时,基于欧洲区域台网波形数据,利用反投影方法获得高频破裂的时空展布。联合反演结果表明,破裂自西向东传播的过程中走向有所变化,破裂尺度达400km,最大滑移量达8m,地震矩大小为6.1×1020Nm,对应的矩震级MW为7.78。主断层破裂经历了3个阶段,其中,超剪切破裂阶段对应最大位错区域,破裂到达西大滩段与昆仑山口断层交叉处时,破裂速度与尺度迅速下降。反投影结果同样显示破裂的3个阶段空间上对应大地测量反演的3个最大破裂区,最大破裂区的扩展速度达6km/s,但超剪切破裂终止在断层交叉口东部约30km处断层走向发生转变的位置。 相似文献