共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 648 毫秒
1.
2.
为了提升南通市消防站空间布局的科学性和合理性,本文在分析现有消防站布局的基础上,利用GIS和定位-配给模型完成了南通市区消防站布局优化研究。结果表明:1)在5 min响应时间标准下,现有消防站对于重点消防单位、危险源、居民小区的覆盖率分别为87.59%、86.89%、86.48%,城市消防安全保障较好,但在该区东北和东南城乡结合部消防力量严重不足。2)在综合考虑道路阻抗、水域分布、防护子区域风险等级等因素后,本优化方案指出,该区域应在现有消防站布局的基础上增设4个消防站,即南通市野生森林动物园附近、南通市竹行小学附近、南通农场中心渔场附近和通常汽渡管理处附近。该优化研究可为南通市消防站合理规划和建设提供科学的建议。 相似文献
3.
应急设施的空间布局事关城市的安全和发展,该文以武汉市某区域为研究区,选取消防站作为典型应急设施进行布局,使用POI、DEM和道路网络等数据,通过SAVEE和AHP等模型识别出消防站用地适宜区和火灾潜在风险区的空间分布,进一步使用应急设施选址模型对消防站进行空间选址.主要研究结论为:①消防站适宜性用地评价指标体系能够综合评价消防站选址时需要考虑的各种因素;②城市不同类型POI反映出的城市功能空间的火灾风险区存在较大差异;③综合考虑前30％的高火灾风险区、重要保护区和POI总体覆盖率相关标准等因素,经多次迭加运算最终需新增12家消防站点,对POI总体覆盖率达99.29％,对前30％的高风险区覆盖率达99.56％,对重要保护区的覆盖率达99.27％,优化后的各指标均有较大的提升,满足研究区应急设施要求. 相似文献
4.
5.
设施POI(point of interest)在城市地理空间中往往聚集分布,呈现热点特征。对该类POI分布热点的分析大多采用基于欧氏距离的空间密度估计,忽略了城市空间通达、连接是沿着街道路径的事实,从而很难准确、客观地反映城市功能的热点布局。本研究针对该缺陷,利用基于网络路径距离的核密度计算方法确定热点的区域密度,并提出了一种简单、高效的网络分析算法。该算法扩展二维栅格膨胀操作,以一维形态算子的连续扩展计算POI在网络单元上的密度值,通过评价试验表明,该算法比现有算法具有更好的性能和可扩展性。通过实际POI数据分析发现,考虑街道网络约束的热点范围可凸显设施功能沿交通网络布局的空间特征,为区域规划、导航以及地理信息查询等应用提供有价值的空间知识与信息服务。 相似文献
6.
受城市不断升级、扩张的影响,彩钢板建筑群作为城市发展进程中的重要产物大规模出现,其是城市脆弱区的典型代表建筑物之一.彩钢板燃点低、布局间距小,存在较高的火灾安全隐患,合理的消防站点布局是城市火灾高发区最有力的安全保障.因此,本文以兰州市主城区作为研究区,首先,利用彩钢板建筑群、POI和城市火灾数据,采用核密度分析、相关性计算等方法划分研究区内火灾风险分布等级;其次,借助"位置-分配"模型并结合优化目标进行模拟运算.实验结果表明:①兰州市城中村、城乡接合部均存在大规模的彩钢板建筑群,火灾频发、救援难度大.②彩钢板建筑群、POI点与火灾点的耦合度较高,二者结合可以全面、精确地模拟火灾发生点.③兰州市高火灾风险区主要分布在刘家堡街道、建南路街道、皋兰路街道等区域.④现有消防站点5 min响应时间内的覆盖率为26.19％,高火灾风险区的覆盖率为44.41％.通过多次迭加计算,最终确定最少需增加14个消防站点,可满足当前优化目标.经过优化调节,各项指标均有较大提高,能够满足现阶段区域的消防救援需求. 相似文献
7.
针对城市边缘消防责任区面积大,消防安全薄弱,消防车到达事故区时间长等问题,该文提出采用邻域法,提取消防合理责任区范围与消防空白区,采用邻近度与集合覆盖法对消防站进行优化布局研究,并得出结论:(1)提高消防责任区划分精确度,明确消防责任区范围,便于消防指挥调度;(2)缩减消防车到达事故区的平均时间,精确到5min以内;(3)弥补消防空白,优化消防站布局。通过GIS与集合覆盖法可以提高消防责任区责任划分精度,精确减少消防空白区,利于避免浪费火灾资源,有效地建立消防空白区域,特别是为城市边缘地带的消防安全提供科学依据,根据不同道路等级评价消防车的速度,使责任区域划分更加准确。 相似文献
8.
位置推荐是地理社交网络的重要应用，针对城市范围内多用户集体社交活动的规划需求，在顾及道路通达性和时间成本的情况下进行位置推荐算法的研究。针对城市路网结构特征和导航路线规划特点，在地图应用程序接口的支持下，利用各用户间导航路线上的特定点自动识别、构建区域实现位置推荐，平衡多个用户到推荐地点的可到达性和时间成本。实验结果验证了所提方法的有效性，在地理社交网络上可以为城市多用户的集体活动提供有效的位置推荐方案。 相似文献
9.
提出一种基于网络Voronoi面域图的最大覆盖选址模型及相应的粒子群优化方法,并应用于城市响应时间敏感型公共服务设施的空间优化。本文考虑设施功能沿交通网络辐射以及需求非均匀分布情形,对设施在网络连续空间上进行布局优化,选址模型采用网络Voronoi面域图划分布局设施的功能辐射域,以启发空间优化最小化重叠覆盖。模型同时顾及了设施利用率的最大化,规定设施对给定距离以内的需求实行的完全服务覆盖和对给定距离以外的需求实行随距离衰减的部分服务覆盖。本研究提出基于遗传机制和广义Voronoi图改进的粒子群算法以提高其空间优化性能,通过对南京市消防站最大覆盖空间优化实验表明,该研究取得了较为理想的结果,可应用于城市化区域应急设施最大覆盖空间优化。 相似文献
10.
城市公共服务设施优化配置是实现城市公共服务均等化的必要途径。近年来，时空大数据、智能决策与仿真等技术蓬勃发展，引发了城市公共服务设施配置模型研究的革命。基于以上时代背景，本文对城市公共服务设施优化配置模型的近期研究进展进行了总结和展望：①优化决策模型朝着精细化方向快速发展，优化决策目标将更加多元化；②多源地理大数据和时空数据挖掘方法的城市公共服务需求建模动态化；③多目标群智能优化算法使城市公共服务设施优化决策朝着智能化的方向发展。随着大数据、云计算、并行计算和人工智能等新技术在GIS领域的广泛应用与集成，城市公共服务设施优化配置模型将越来越朝着精细化和智能化的方向发展。 相似文献
11.
Network Density Estimation: A GIS Approach for Analysing Point Patterns in a Network Space 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Giuseppe Borruso 《Transactions in GIS》2008,12(3):377-402
Human activities and more generally the phenomena related to human behaviour take place in a network‐constrained subset of the geographical space. These phenomena can be expressed as locations having their positions configured by a road network, as address points with street numbers. Although these events are considered as points on a network, point pattern analysis and the techniques implemented in a GIS environment generally consider events as taking place in a uniform space, with distance expressed as Euclidean and over a homogeneous and isotropic space. Network‐spatial analysis has developed as a research agenda where the attention is drawn towards point pattern analytical techniques applied to a space constrained by a road network. Little attention has been put on first order properties of a point pattern (i.e. density) in a network space, while mainly second order analysis such as nearest neighbour and K‐functions have been implemented for network configurations of the geographical space. In this article, a method for examining clusters of human‐related events on a network, called Network Density Estimation (NDE), is implemented using spatial statistical tools and GIS packages. The method is presented and compared to conventional first order spatial analytical techniques such as Kernel Density Estimation (KDE). Network Density Estimation is tested using the locations of a sample of central, urban activities associated with bank and insurance company branches in the central areas of two midsize European cities, Trieste (Italy) and Swindon (UK). 相似文献
12.
For high-accuracy geodetic applications, time-variable tropospheric propagation delay errors limit global positioning system real-time kinematic positioning accuracy. Potential improvements in positioning accuracy are evaluated by using the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) real-time tropospheric corrections (herein called NOAA model) within a multiple reference station network approach. The results are compared with those for modified Hopfield tropospheric model corrections, for six scenarios in three geographical regions in the U.S. National Geodetic Survey network of Continuously Operating Reference Stations, for baseline lengths of 60~150 km. Analyses are conducted at rover locations for relatively humid days, and misclosures for various double difference observations are computed; these observations include each frequency (L1 and L2) and three linear combinations [wide lane, ionosphere free (IF), and geometry free]. The effectiveness of the network approach is demonstrated, with overall performance improvements of 15 and 19%, using the modified Hopfield and the NOAA model, respectively. The IF linear combination, a measure of tropospheric and orbital errors, shows a 3% improvement for the NOAA model compared with the modified Hopfield model. 相似文献
13.
长江口12.5 m深水航道投入运行后,每年直接经济效益超百亿元,为保障航道经济效益及水深的持续稳定,掌握长江口水位站高程数据十分重要,但这一特殊的海域地理位置使得传统高程测量方式凸显不足。本文通过将GPS测高技术应用到海陆交叉特殊地域,来获取水位站正常高。结合本区域已有似大地水准面的精化成果,主要采用布设B级GPS网,利用GAMIT基线解算软件、GPS-NET网平差软件保障数据处理质量,并用MEstimators对平差残差进行粗差探测等综合方式。研究结果表明,在海陆交叉地域,此种方式能够达到三四等级水准测量的精度要求。 相似文献
14.
为满足新建射电望远镜在单站或多站联合进行的深空探测或射电天文观测对中心坐标精确测定的要求,提出一种利用已知精确中心坐标的望远镜作为参照物,测量地平式射电望远镜中心点坐标的方法和测量数据处理方法。这一方法对场地和设备的要求较低,能够得到毫米级或亚毫米级的位置精度。尤其适合对天线阵列的中心位置进行测量。对国家天文台密云观测站的40 m射电望远镜进行了中心坐标测量,位置均方根误差为2.312 mm,满足了后续的观测工作对其位置的需求。 相似文献
15.
Comparison of Techniques for Visualising Fire Behaviour 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Julian Black Colin Arrowsmith Michael Black William Cartwright 《Transactions in GIS》2007,11(4):621-635
During every Australian summer fires are common in the south‐eastern region of the continent. The combined forces of climate, topography and vegetation make Victoria in particular, one of the most fire prone regions on earth ( DSE 2003 ). Throughout its history, Victoria has seen a number of devastating bushfires, including Black Friday 1939, Ash Wednesday 1983, and more recently in the northeast of the State in 2003. The loss of life combined with the damage caused to land and property results in a heavy cost to the community. In Victoria, two of the organizations involved in fire management are the Victorian Department of Sustainability and Environment (DSE) and the Country Fire Authority (CFA). Both use fire ‘meters’ to determine potential fire behaviour given certain conditions. Values for temperature, wind speed, fuel load and vegetation type are input and a numerical estimate of fire danger given. There are a number of different meters used for different locations and environmental types. The most common meter used in Victoria is the McArthur Meter ( CSIR0 2001b ). The output data from this meter is numerical, and provides no spatial representation of fire danger. This paper looks at a variety of techniques used to visualise the numerical output from the McArthur Forest Fire Danger Meter. The article outlines the different models used by fire managers to simulate a fire situation, to assess future scenarios and for decision making involving fire management. Particular emphasis is placed on the McArthur Forest Fire Danger Meter as this is commonly used by fire departments in Australia. The article then focuses on geographical visualisation and a number of techniques employed to convey spatial information are discussed. The article then goes on to describe the fire simulation prototypes created for a study, a visualisation proof‐of‐concept product for organizations involved in managing bushfires in Australia. Finally, results from the evaluation of the prototype are presented. 相似文献
16.
AbstractDetecting and describing movement of vehicles in established transportation infrastructures is an important task. It helps to predict periodical traffic patterns for optimizing traffic regulations and extending the functions of established transportation infrastructures. The detection of traffic patterns consists not only of analyses of arrangement patterns of multiple vehicle trajectories, but also of the inspection of the embedded geographical context. In this paper, we introduce a method for intersecting vehicle trajectories and extracting their intersection points for selected rush hours in urban environments. Those vehicle trajectory intersection points (TIP) are frequently visited locations within urban road networks and are subsequently formed into density-connected clusters, which are then represented as polygons. For representing temporal variations of the created polygons, we enrich these with vehicle trajectories of other times of the day and additional road network information. In a case study, we test our approach on massive taxi Floating Car Data (FCD) from Shanghai and road network data from the OpenStreetMap (OSM) project. The first test results show strong correlations with periodical traffic events in Shanghai. Based on these results, we reason out the usefulness of polygons representing frequently visited locations for analyses in urban planning and traffic engineering. 相似文献
17.
城市层面的火灾风险评估主要包括火灾危险性、危害性及救援能力等方面。本文选取火灾危险性评估进行针对性研究，在大数据思维的指导下，以相关关系代替因果关系，采用多源数据对评估指标权重、分值进行率定，得出福州市城区火灾危险性时空分布图。首先利用高德地图API对消防历史出警记录进行地址解析，将近万条火灾出警地址空间落点，获得福州市历史火灾空间分布；然后综合城市用地性质现状、用地开发性质、人口分布热力图等多源异构数据，探索其与历史火灾空间分布的相关性；最后以福州城区为例，初步实现具有充分数理支撑的火灾危险性评估方法，形成火灾危险性动态评估成果，为城市消防规划等提供支撑和依据。 相似文献