共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 453 毫秒
1.
空间聚类是GIS空间分析的主要内容之一,传统矢量空间聚类算法存在数据冗余、结果不直观等弊端,地图代数栅格距离变换结果图本身就蕴涵了空间客体之间的拓扑关系,通过提取距离变换结果图不同距离值的等距线,就可以实现基于最短欧氏距离的空间对象的聚类过程,本文通过算例试验证明,该算法简单、直观、合理。 相似文献
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针对已有距离度量方法在表达同名线要素空间位置差异准确性方面的不足,提出了一种面向同名线要素的距离度量方法。该方法结合Hausdorff距离和Fréchet距离的特点,首先分别将同名线要素上每个顶点在对应线上的对应点内插到对应线上,利用一阶差分的方法剔除其中的粗差点,并采用中位点进行了修正,然后依序计算每个点与对应线上点的最小欧氏距离,最后取其平均值作为最终的距离值。为了验证本方法的有效性,提出了衡量距离度量方法稳定性的平均振幅（F）和准确性的准确率（R）两个评价指标。通过与欧氏距离、Hausdorff距离和Fréchet距离实验结果的对比分析,表明本方法的距离度量结果比较符合人类的认知特点,具有一定的实用性。 相似文献
3.
GIS空间目标的广义Hausdorff距离模型 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
分析了GIS中常用的空间距离度量及其存在的问题，这些距离度量没有顾及空间目标的整体形状、位置分布等特征。基于此，引入了Hausdorff距离的概念，给出了Hausdorff距离的计算方法，分析指出了Hausdorff距离容易受空间目标局部几何形状的影响。进而从统计学的角度分析了现有的距离度量并不能有效地表达空间目标间距离的整体分布，并提出了一种广义Hausdorff距离模型，这种距离模型能够度量空间目标间距离分布的中心趋势和离散度。实际算例证明了此模型在GIS环境下的实现方法。 相似文献
4.
高斯函数定权的改进KNN室内定位方法 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
室内某些区域无线访问接入点（AP）布设稀疏,以及信号指纹的时变特性等因素,均使得无线信号接收信号强度（RSSI）序列与射电地图（radio map）相应RSSI序列完全相同成为可能,计算得到信号空间的欧氏距离为0或非常小。利用欧氏距离定权的加权质心算法解算会出现错误,无法得到定位结果;取K个参考点坐标均值的KNN算法以1/K为权值,定位精度相对较低。本文提出了高斯函数定权的KNN定位算法,对K个最近邻欧氏距离进行了标准化处理,利用高斯函数分配权值,得到加权坐标值。与KNN和WKNN算法的定位结果相比,该方法提高了鲁棒性和定位精度。 相似文献
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大比例尺地图中双线道路的识别与提取是路网综合的重要组成部分。针对双线道路识别问题,根据双线道路的结构特点,结合国内外研究提出了一种可用于提取双线道路的距离度量方法——正对投影距离。首先通过缓冲区分析构建可能构成双线道路的候选线对集,然后利用正对投影距离构造约束参数从线对候选集中精确识别出双线道路线对。通过与其他距离度量方法的对比试验,表明正对投影距离能较准确表达双线道路线对的空间邻近性,可以准确识别出双线道路,符合人类空间认知特点。 相似文献
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距离度量关系分析是GIS空间分析的重要组成部分。本文在传统的距离度量分析方法数学描述基础上,引入面向对象数据模型,将地理实体抽象为空间对象,用空间对象代替几何元素,给出了基于面向对象数据模型的地理实体距离度量关系分析方法的数学描述以及算法的实现过程。 相似文献
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地理空间的度量不宜再采用借助地图投影转换到欧氏空间内的近似解决途径,在定义了大地线尺度作地理空间度量的基础上,采用地图代数完成了全形态（点、线、面）图形在地球尺度空间的精密距离变换,并生成了相应的Voronoi图,为地球上相应于距离的各实际问题的解决提供了严密、合理的解决途径。 相似文献
8.
高光谱盲解混是解决混合像元问题的重要技术。其中,非负矩阵分解凭借其明确的物理意义,为无监督线性光谱解混的发展奠定了基础。由于传统非负矩阵分解采用欧氏距离度量原始矩阵与重构矩阵之间的误差,因而不能有效挖掘各维度特征间关系,影响解混精度。为充分利用高光谱图像中丰富的相关特征,本研究在地球移动距离的基础上引入熵正则约束,用Sinkhorn距离代替欧氏距离,建模不同维度特征之间的关系。同时,为刻画数据的流形结构,将图正则项作为丰度的约束条件,提出了一种基于Sinkhorn距离和图正则约束的非负矩阵解混算法。本研究采用乘性迭代规则对提出的解混模型进行求解,在模拟数据集、Urban数据集以及Jasper数据集上进行实验,实验结果验证了所提出算法的有效性。 相似文献
9.
利用多级弦长弯曲度复函数构建复杂面实体综合形状相似度量模型 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
介绍了一种复杂带洞面实体空间对象的几何相似度度量方法。该方法提取面实体的中心距离、轮廓线的多级弦长、弯曲度及凸凹性等特征,构造多级弯曲度半径复函数对其局部和整体特征进行描述,并通过傅里叶变换得到傅里叶形状描述子对面实体间的形状相似性进行度量。同时根据场景完整度和相似性度量模型计算复杂带洞多边形中每个场景的匹配度,利用多级特征完成复杂面实体间的几何相似性度量。对不同空间复杂度的面实体的几何相似性的度量试验表明,该方法简单可行且不失精度,结果符合人类认知。 相似文献
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在非线性降维算法Isomap的基础上进行了改进,提出了一种基于度量多维标定法的空间变换方法。将原始网络空间中的路网距离转换为新欧氏空间中的近似路网距离,并在此距离度量基础上实现Kriging方法。通过对南昌市真实数据进行交通状态估计的实验发现,该方法比现有的基于欧氏距离度量的Kriging方法具有更高的估计精度,能够有效地解决交通领域中大规模路网交通运行状态监控的问题。 相似文献
12.
Jeremy K. Hackney Michael Bernard Sumit Bindra Kay W. Axhausen 《Journal of Geographical Systems》2007,9(4):397-417
Spatial regression is applied to GPS floating car measurements to build a predictive model of road system speed as a function
of link type, time period, and spatial structure. The models correct for correlated spatial errors and autocorrelation of
speeds. Correlation neighborhoods are based on either Euclidean or network distance. Econometric and statistical methods are
used to choose the best model form and statistical neighborhood. Models of different types have different coefficient estimates
and fit quality, which might affect inferences. Speed predictions are validated against a holdout sample to illustrate the
usefulness of spatial regression in road system speed monitoring.
相似文献
13.
基于完善的交通规划理论和模型,以某市为例,借助RS技术的空间数据获取能力和GIS技术的空间分析能力,综合考虑最短出行距离、最短出行时间以及网络节点人口密度3个因素,研究分析某市的道路交通可达性,并对现有的道路交通网络进行评价,为未来城市道路交通规划以及城市建设提供科学可靠的参考依据。 相似文献
14.
《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2013,50(4):426-442
Based on remote sensing and GIS, this study models the spatial variations of urban growth patterns with a logistic geographically weighted regression (GWR) technique. Through a case study of Springfield, Missouri, the research employs both global and local logistic regression to model the probability of urban land expansion against a set of spatial and socioeconomic variables. The logistic GWR model significantly improves the global logistic regression model in three ways: (1) the local model has higher PCP (percentage correctly predicted) than the global model; (2) the local model has a smaller residual than the global model; and (3) residuals of the local model have less spatial dependence. More importantly, the local estimates of parameters enable us to investigate spatial variations in the influences of driving factors on urban growth. Based on parameter estimates of logistic GWR and using the inverse distance weighted (IDW) interpolation method, we generate a set of parameter surfaces to reveal the spatial variations of urban land expansion. The geographically weighted local analysis correctly reveals that urban growth in Springfield, Missouri is more a result of infrastructure construction, and an urban sprawl trend is observed from 1992 to 2005. 相似文献
15.
随着城市化的快速发展,城市空间结构愈发复杂,城市功能区的快速有效识别对资源的有效配置和城市规划具有重要意义。传统的功能区识别缺乏对居民这一城市空间活动主体的动态表征,而长时间序列的出租车数据能动态表征居民出行行为,进而反映城市空间结构。动态时间扭曲(DTW)距离比传统的欧氏距离更能有效挖掘高维数据,泛化后的LB_Keogh距离和LB_Hust距离相继克服了DTW距离时间复杂度高和不对称的缺点。为了探究基于时间相似性度量的聚类算法在识别城市功能区方面的可行性,首先基于OpenStreetMap(OSM)路网数据获取研究单元,再通过滴滴订单数据提取上下车点、构建研究单元内的居民出行时间序列,然后利用PAM算法结合4种相似度度量方法进行聚类,最后结合兴趣点(POI)数据识别城市功能区,并对结果进行精度验证。结果表明,基于LB_Hust距离的PAM算法能有效挖掘高维时间序列数据,应用于城市功能区识别的精度高达86%,为应用时间序列数据进行城市研究提供了一种新的方法。 相似文献
16.
Analysing regional industrialisation in Jiangsu province using geographically weighted regression 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
Industry is the most important sector in the Chinese economy. To identify the spatial interaction between the level of regional
industrialisation and various factors, this paper takes Jiangsu province of China as a case study. To unravel the existence
of spatial nonstationarity, geographically weighted regression (GWR) is employed in this article. Conventional regression
analysis can only produce `average' and `global' parameter estimates rather than `local' parameter estimates which vary over
space in some spatial systems. Geographically weighted regression (GWR), on the other hand, is a relatively simple, but useful
new technique for the analysis of spatial nonstationarity. Using the GWR technique to study regional industrialisation in
Jiangsu province, it is found that there is a significant difference between the ordinary linear regression (OLR) and GWR
models. The relationships between the level of regional industrialisation and various factors show considerable spatial variability.
Received: 4 April 2001 / Accepted: 17 November 2001 相似文献
17.
This study analyses the relationship between fire incidence and some environmental factors, exploring the spatial non-stationarity
of the phenomenon in sub-Saharan Africa. Geographically weighted regression (GWR) was used to study the above relationship.
Environment covariates comprise land cover, anthropogenic and climatic variables. GWR was compared to ordinary least squares,
and the hypothesis that GWR represents no improvement over the global model was tested. Local regression coefficients were
mapped, interpreted and related with fire incidence. GWR revealed local patterns in parameter estimates and also reduced the
spatial autocorrelation of model residuals. All the covariates were non-stationary and in terms of goodness of fit, the model
replicates the data very well (R
2 = 87%). Vegetation has the most significant relationship with fire incidence, with climate variables being more important
than anthropogenic variables in explaining variability of the response. Some coefficient estimates exhibit locally different
signs, which would have gone undetected by a global approach. This study provides an improved understanding of spatial fire–environment
relationships and shows that GWR is a valuable complement to global spatial analysis methods. When studying fire regimes,
effects of spatial non-stationarity need to be incorporated in vegetation-fire modules to have better estimates of burned
areas and to improve continental estimates of biomass burning and atmospheric emissions derived from vegetation fires. 相似文献
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Virtual globes enable the combination of heterogeneous datasets for optimal routing analyses in transportation, environmental ecology, and construction engineering. In this study, considering the advantages of the hierarchical tiling structure and topography of virtual globes, we propose a tile‐based optimal routing method for large‐scale road networks in a virtual globe. This method designs a topographically preserved road‐network tile model by partitioning roads into tiles and constructs the road‐network pyramid from the bottom to the top. During construction, a TileArc is calculated and flagged as the shortest path in a tile. Based on the built road‐network pyramid carrying hierarchical TileArcs, a multi‐level and flexible shortest path query can be executed efficiently. The proposed method is implemented with large road networks with different road grades in a virtual globe. Experimental results verify its validity, efficiency, and exactness. Moreover, the length of the shortest path with surface distance is approximately 1.3 times longer than that with Euclidean distance. 相似文献