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1.
珠江口外海域与珠江三角洲晚更新世以来的地层层序对比 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文综合运用珠江三角洲外南海北部陆架的地震测线和三角洲地区的钻孔资料进行联合解译,获得由浅海至陆地的层序地层剖面,辨识出三角洲地区4套地层层序和南海北部陆架6套地层层序及体系域,前者仅记录了2个沉积旋回和相应的2次海面变化,而后者记录了更多沉积旋回及相应的海平面波动.在海、陆层序对接和对比的基础上,文章重点把南海北部陆架6套地层层序与深海氧同位素阶段MIS6~MIS1进行了对比分析,认为珠江三角洲下旋回与南海北部陆架层序D相当,珠江三角洲下旋回对应着南海北部陆架MIS6~MIS5(距今15万年~8万年)时代的层序地层,MIS4~MIS2末次冰期低海面时期的三角洲沉积位于现今南海北部陆架之上,并未向北延伸到现代珠江三角洲地区.珠江三角洲和南海北部陆架的下沉都是南海陆缘扩张的表现. 相似文献
2.
Evaporites through time: Tectonic,climatic and eustatic controls in marine and nonmarine deposits 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
John K. Warren 《Earth》2010,98(3-4):217-268
Throughout geological time, evaporite sediments form by solar-driven concentration of a surface or nearsurface brine. Large, thick and extensive deposits dominated by rock-salt (mega-halite) or anhydrite (mega-sulfate) deposits tend to be marine evaporites and can be associated with extensive deposits of potash salts (mega-potash). Ancient marine evaporite deposition required particular climatic, eustatic or tectonic juxtapositions that have occurred a number of times in the past and will so again in the future. Ancient marine evaporites typically have poorly developed Quaternary counterparts in scale, thickness, tectonics and hydrology. When mega-evaporite settings were active within appropriate arid climatic and hydrological settings then huge volumes of seawater were drawn into the subsealevel evaporitic depressions. These systems were typical of regions where the evaporation rates of ocean waters were at their maximum, and so were centred on the past latitudinal equivalents of today's horse latitudes. But, like today's nonmarine evaporites, the location of marine Phanerozoic evaporites in zones of appropriate adiabatic aridity and continentality extended well into the equatorial belts.Exploited deposits of borate, sodium carbonate (soda-ash) and sodium sulfate (salt-cake) salts, along with evaporitic sediments hosting lithium-rich brines require continental–meteoric not marine-fed hydrologies. Plots of the world's Phanerozoic and Neoproterozoic evaporite deposits, using a GIS base, shows that Quaternary evaporite deposits are poor counterparts to the greater part of the world's Phanerozoic evaporite deposits. They are only directly relevant to same-scale continental hydrologies of the past and, as such, are used in this paper to better understand what is needed to create beds rich in salt-cake, soda-ash, borate and lithium salts. These deposits tend be Neogene and mostly occur in suprasealevel hydrographically-isolated (endorheic) continental intermontane and desert margin settings that are subject to the pluvial–interpluvial oscillations of Neogene ice-house climates. When compared to ancient marine evaporites, today's marine-fed subsealevel deposits tend to be small sea-edge deposits, their distribution and extent is limited by the current ice-house driven eustasy and a lack of appropriate hydrographically isolated subsealevel tectonic depressions.For the past forty years, Quaternary continental lacustrine deposit models have been applied to the interpretation of ancient marine evaporite basins without recognition of the time-limited nature of this type of comparison. Ancient mega-evaporite deposits (platform and/or basinwide deposits) require conditions of epeiric seaways (greenhouse climate) and/or continent–continent proximity. Basinwide evaporite deposition is facilitated by continent–continent proximity at the plate tectonic scale (Late stage E through stage B in the Wilson cycle). This creates an isostatic response where, in the appropriate arid climate belt, large portions of the collision suture belt or the incipient opening rift can be subsealevel, hydrographically isolated (a marine evaporite drawdown basin) and yet fed seawater by a combination of ongoing seepage and occasional marine overflow. Basinwide evaporite deposits can be classified by their tectonic setting into: convergent (collision basin), divergent (rift basin; prerift, synrift and postrift) and intracratonic settings.Ancient platform evaporites can be a subset of basinwide deposits, especially in intracratonic sag basins, or part of a widespread epeiric marine platform fill. In the latter case they tend to form mega-sulfate deposits and are associated with hydrographically isolated marine fed saltern and evaporitic mudflat systems in a greenhouse climatic setting. The lower amplitude 4 and 5th order marine eustatic cycles and the greater magnitude of marine freeboard during greenhouse climatic periods encourages deposition of marine platform mega-sulfates. Platform mega-evaporites in intracratonic settings are typically combinations of halite and sulfate beds. 相似文献
3.
Julie Dabkowski Nicole Limondin‐Lozouet Pierre Antoine Julian Andrews Alina Marca‐Bell Vincent Robert 《第四纪科学杂志》2012,27(8):790-799
Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 11 palaeoclimate has so far been documented in marine and ice sheet isotopic records. However, excepting some lacustrine pollen records, very little is known about palaeoclimatic conditions in continental areas. This study uses geochemical records in calcareous tufa deposits from rivers as a basis for reconstructing temperate palaeoclimatic conditions. Tufa deposits are now proven to record high‐quality palaeoclimatic information in recent to Holocene deposits. Work on older interglacial tufas is just starting and in this paper we present the first comprehensive results from a MIS 11 tufa. The tufa comes from the Seine Valley (La Celle, northern France). Geochemical data in the tufa calcite are interpreted to record primarily air temperature (δ18O) and humidity (δ13C and Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca). The combined data identify a warm and wet climatic optimum followed by two temperature decreases associated with oscillations in humidity. These marked climatic variations recorded through the La Celle profile are strongly coherent with the palaeoenvironmental reconstructions from malacological data. The abrupt climatic and environmental events recorded could be related to short‐term degradation of vegetation cover in Europe, which is itself controlled by global palaeoclimatic events. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
4.
陆相沉积形成于地圈与水圈、大气圈和生物圈的交界面上,比海相地层更有效地记录了地球表层环境的信息。通过对沉积岩中沉积物的粘土矿物、气候指数、氧同位素测温等研究,获得关于气候干湿冷暖的信息。基于对这些常用方法的研究,提取出一些陆地上的特殊沉积,如：陆相红层、沙漠沉积体系、蒸发岩、煤及油页岩等所包含的丰富气候信息。沙漠代表干旱炎热气候;陆相红层的出现反映高温氧化环境,其在干旱和潮湿的热带气候下都能形成;芒硝代表干冷的气候环境;石膏则代表干热,水体盐度高,蒸发作用强的气候条件;煤层/油页岩一般形成于温暖潮湿的气候环境。对特殊沉积的研究可以用来重建古气候和恢复大陆古环境。 相似文献
5.
根据对长江三角洲地区两个以细颗粒沉积为主的晚第四纪钻孔进行OSL测年、U系测年、孢粉分析和微体古生物分析,试图建立高分辨率气候地层,从而建立本区晚第四纪的年代地层框架,并探讨本区晚第四纪的标志层和期间发生的两次海侵及其机制。研究结果显示,两孔记录的古气候波动可与深海氧同位素曲线进行对比：对应于深海氧同位素曲线第6阶段（MIS 6）,堆积厚层的河道相粗颗粒沉积及第3硬土层,反映当时气候寒冷;第5阶段（MIS 5）,为滨海湖沼沉积,沉积物的颗粒显著变细;第4阶段（MIS 4）,本区形成第2硬土层;第3阶段（MIS 3）的早期,本区也发育滨海湖沼沉积,中晚期则形成潟湖—砂坝体系,在滨海平原区普遍发育粉、细砂层;第2阶段（MIS 2）,地层由下粗上细的沉积序列构成,下部为黄灰、棕黄色粉砂,上部则为棕黄色或暗绿色硬粘土。其中MIS 6、MIS 4和MIS 2期间发育的3层硬土层可作为本区晚第四纪沉积的标志层。在MIS 5和MIS 3期间,本区均发生海侵,MIS 5时期由于古地势较高、淡水径流和陆源物质输入丰富,因此海水影响微弱;MIS 3时期的中晚期为缺乏淡水输入的潟湖—砂坝环境,从而形成广泛的海侵层。 相似文献
6.
Mohamed Mosbahi Mahmoud Khlifi Ali Tlili Fakher Jamoussi 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2014,7(9):3881-3899
The Meknassy-Mezzouna basin is affected by a fault system, assembling two main directions, northsouth and eastwest. The Triassic outcrops are widely noticeable at Jebel Jebbes El Meheri and the Mezzouna link. During the late Maastrichtian–Ypresian, the sedimentation in the basin is influenced by halokinetic events, which are clearly manifested either by the thickness of El Haria formation along the Triassic outcrops (rim syncline) or by an alteration surface at the top of the Abiod formation. Such events also confirm the emersion of the basin from the late Maastrichtian to the early Lutetian. However, the present work tries to highlight the effects of halokinetic uplift on the clay mineralogical variations at that area. In harmony with this halokinetic activity, the clay minerals of this time interval (during the late Maastrichtian–Ypresian) show a trend of variation which corresponds to the evolution from illite and kaolinite, indicating a strongly hydrolytic marine environment, to smectite, sepiolite, and palygorskite, reflecting a very rapid evolution from this marine environment to a lagoon environment, then to a more confined continental environment. In fact, the appearance of sepiolite and palygorskite on the top of El Haria formation and the Paleocene–Eocene transition can be explained by a transformation or neoformation mechanism in an alkaline environment, rich in silica and magnesium, under arid to semi-arid climatic conditions. Moreover, the palygorskite can be formed in continental deposits as well as in close marine environment, which displays a limited communication with the open sea. Under these conditions, the evaporation leads to high ionic concentration of alkaline pH, which is favorable to the formation and stability of this mineral. 相似文献
7.
At Airedale Reef, western North Island, New Zealand, a ca. 4 m thick volcanogenic debris avalanche deposit has facilitated the preservation of an enveloping sequence of peats with interbedded andesitic tephras spanning marine isotope (MIS) 5. The sequence closely overlies a wave‐cut terrace correlated to MIS 5e and, in turn, is overlain by andic beds with tephra interbeds including the Rotoehu and Kawakawa tephras deposited during early MIS 3 and mid‐MIS 2, respectively. Pollen analysis of the organic sequence shows a coherent pattern of fluctuating climate for the Last Interglacial–Last Glacial transition that corresponds with marine isotope stratigraphy and supports the contention that orbital variations were a primary factor in late Quaternary southern mid‐latitude climate change. A five‐stage subdivision of MIS 5 is clearly recognised, with marine isotope substage (MISS) 5b drier than MISS 5d, and the cooling transition from 5a to MIS 4 also may have been comparatively dry and characterised by natural fire, perhaps associated with volcanism. Several other examples of volcanic impact on vegetation and the landscape are evident. The Airedale Reef sequence exhibits strong similarities with fragmentary MIS 5 pollen records preserved elsewhere in New Zealand and enables the proxy record of southern mid‐latitude climatic variability during the Last Interglacial–Glacial cycle to be extended. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
8.
Karen Luise Knudsen Claus Ditlefsen David N. Penney Peter Kristensen Christian Kronborg Jón Eiríksson 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2014,43(1):251-271
The coastal cliff section at Kås Hoved in northern Denmark represents one of the largest exposures of marine interglacial deposits in Europe. High‐resolution analyses of sediments, foraminifera, ostracods, and stable isotopes (oxygen and carbon) in glacial‐interglacial marine sediments from this section, as well as from two adjacent boreholes, are the basis for an interpretation of marine environmental and climatic change through the Late Elsterian‐Holsteinian glacial‐interglacial cycle. The overlying glacial deposits show two ice advances during the Saalian and Weichselian glaciations. The assemblages in the initial glacier‐proximal part of the marine Late Elsterian succession reveal fluctuations in the inflow of sediment‐loaded meltwater to the area. This is followed by faunal indication of glacier‐distal, open marine conditions, coinciding with a gradual climatic change from arctic to subarctic environments. Continuous marine sedimentation during the glacial‐interglacial transition is presumably a result of a large‐scale isostatic subsidence caused by the preceding extended Elsterian glaciation. The similarity of the climatic signature of the interglacial Holsteinian and Holocene assemblages in this region indicates that the Atlantic Ocean circulation was similar during these two interglacials, whereas Eemian interglacial assemblages indicate a comparatively high water temperature associated with an enhanced North Atlantic Current. The foraminiferal zones are correlated with other Elsterian‐Holsteinian sites in Denmark, as well as those in the type area for the Holsteinian interglacial in northern Germany and the southern North Sea. Correlation of the NW European Holsteinian succession with the marine isotope stages MIS 7, 9 or 11 is still unresolved. 相似文献
9.
Christoph Schmidt Christian Zeeden Lydia Krauß Frank Lehmkuhl Ludwig Zöller 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2021,50(3):746-763
The continuing development of analytical methods for investigating sedimentary records calls for iterative re-examination of existing data sets obtained on loess-palaeosol sequences (LPS) as archives of palaeoenvironmental change. Here, we re-investigate two LPS (Hecklingen, Zilly) in the northern Harz foreland, Germany, being of interest due to their proximity to the Scandinavian Ice Sheet (SIS) and the position between oceanic climatic influence further west and continental influence towards the east. First, we established new quartz OSL and polymineral IRSL chronologies. Both methods show concordant ages in the upper part of the Hecklingen profile (~20–40 ka), but in the lower part IRSL underestimates OSL ages by up to ~15 ka for the period 40–60 ka. Interpretations hence refer to the OSL data set. Second, we applied Bayesian age-depth modelling to data sets from Hecklingen to resolve inversions in the original ages, also reducing averaged 1σ uncertainty by ~19% (OSL) and ~12% (IRSL). Modelled chronologies point out phases of increased (MIS 2, early MIS 3) and reduced (middle and late MIS 3) sedimentation, but interpretation of numerical rates is problematic because of intense erosion and slope wash particularly during MIS 3. Finally, previously obtained grain-size data were re-investigated by end member modelling analyses. Three fundamental grain-size distributions (loadings) explain the measured data sets and offer information on intensity and – combined with modelled OSL ages – timing of geomorphic processes. We interpret the loadings to represent (i) primary loess accumulation, (ii) postdepositional pedogenesis and/or input of aeolian fine fractions, and (iii) input of coarse aeolian material and/or slope wash. The applied modelling tools facilitate detailed understanding of site-formation through time, allowing us to correlate a strong peak in mean grain size at ~26–24 ka to the maximum extent of the SIS and increased influence of easterly winds. 相似文献
10.
The aim of this paper is to show the stratigraphic record of the Late Pleistocene corresponding to the distal region of the Paraná River basin. It displays sedimentological, paleontological and geochronological evidences that characterise the last interglacial–glacial cycle. In particular, strong environmental records are shown for the Last Interglacial Stage (LIS). Salto Ander Egg Formation (SAEF) is defined as a new lithostratigraphic unit representative of the Late Pleistocene in southwestern Mesopotamia. This unit is formed of complex fluvial deposits, which contains a heterogeneous collection of sub-environments, of ages ranging from 120 to 60 ky BP. The clast-supported gravel facies containing sparse boulders indicate high flow during a humid climate. The large and middle-scale architectures of fluvial sedimentary bodies evidence the relationship between the sediment accommodation and the sea level oscillations. Three sub-sequences identified in the succession suggest a transgressive trend during the MIS5e, a highstand stage in MIS5c, and a minor transgressive cycle during MIS3. A Brazilian faunal association collected at the bottom of the sequence and sedimentological interpretations display wet and warm climatic conditions, typical of tropical or subtropical environments. Such environmental conditions are characteristic of the maximum of the last interglacial stage (MIS5e) and show a signal stronger than the signal of the current interglacial stage. All these data show a direct correlation between the increases of paleodischarges and the elevation of the sea level. The whole sequence is completed with transitional swampy deposits, accumulated probably during the MIS3/MIS2 transition, and the typical loess of the Tezanos Pinto Formation, mantled during the Last Maximum Glacial. 相似文献
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晚更新世以来台湾浅滩西部地层结构与古环境演化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据对台湾浅滩西部地质浅钻的沉积相、粒度和AMS 14C年代分析及高分辨率浅地层剖面解释,本文研究了浅滩大型沙波区的地层结构与沉积环境演化.台湾浅滩西部保存了三期海相层和两期陆相层.下部的海相层(DU6)可能形成于氧同位素5.1期,以潮间带—潮下带浅海沉积为主;中间的海相层(DU4)可能形成于氧同位素3期,以滨岸—潮间带沉积为主;上部的海相层(DU2和DU1)为形成于末次冰消期以来的海侵砂和潮流砂.两期陆相层(DU5和DU3)为沟谷充填沉积,可能形成于氧同位素4和2期.冰后期海侵过程形成的中粗砂层构成了沙波的基底部分(DU2).沙波的主体部分(DU1)形成于全新世高海平面以来,主要由中粗砂和含砾中粗砂组成.沙波的粒度频率分布曲线主要众数组分-1~3 Φ,形态尖陡;概率累积曲线多为两段式,跃移组分含量高于80%,悬移组分不足20%,滚动组分缺失或很少.潮流砂(DU1)的平均粒径与分选系数呈良好的正相关,反映潮流的淘洗作用越强,沉积物粒径越粗、分选越好. 相似文献
14.
We report the discovery of the oldest evidence for human presence in the southeastern Baltic Sea region. This paper presents an overview of the Riadino‐5 archaeological site in the lower course of the Šešupė River (Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia) and direct infrared stimulated luminescence (IRSL) ages for the culture‐bearing sediments from the site, which place the time of occupation well within the range of Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3 (ca 57–26 ka). Luminescence ages were determined using the multiple‐aliquot additive‐dose technique, applied to sand‐sized potassium feldspar. Four of the six IRSL samples from the site come from the cultural deposits, while two are from the surrounding sediments. The luminescence age of the deposits implies that human occupation of the southeastern Baltic Sea region occurred at least between 50 ka and 44 ka during the first half of MIS 3 and the Middle‐Upper Paleolithic. 相似文献
15.
青海祁连县清水沟—白柳沟新元古代寒武纪大陆裂谷双峰式海相火山岩中产有Fe-S和Pb-Zn-Cu型块状硫化物矿床.这两类矿床除受所在火山岩陆壳幔源区的部分熔融程度和火山作用旋回性不同影响外,主要受产生构造位置和火山岩浆源区物性条件所控制.其中产Fe-S型矿床的石头沟-香子沟穹窿火山作用,相对形成于近裂谷扩张中心的深海环境,以低K2O钙碱性的拉斑玄武质或英安质下地壳为物源区环境;郭米寺-白柳沟穹窿的Pb-Zn-Cu型火山作用形成于远离扩张中心的陆缘弧环境,源区为一种由地幔源和壳源共同构成的混合源.在矿床成因类型方面,前者近似塞浦路斯的铜黄铁矿,后者为较典型的日本黑矿型. 相似文献
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在野外地质观测基础上,对滇西兰坪盆地富隆厂一带的铅锌多金属矿床中广泛发育的闪锌矿进行了微量元素、S-Pb同位素组成的综合对比分析研究。结果表明,3个矿床的闪锌矿均表现出富Cd,贫Ge和Ga,Fe-Cd呈反相关关系,Zn/Cd平均比值较低,δ34S值基本一致,其变化范围较窄,峰值在5‰～6‰之间;不同矿床闪锌矿的铅同位素基本重合,在207Pb/204Pb-206Pb/204Pb和208Pb/204Pb-206Pb/204Pb投影图解中,主体均位于上地壳线和造山带线之间,在Δβ-Δγ图解中,总体上落入上地壳-地幔混合的俯冲带铅范围和上地壳铅范围内,与盆地内不同物质来源端员对比发现矿物中的Pb同位素基本在中新生代沉积岩系范围内。因此认为富隆厂一带铅锌多金属矿床是同一成矿流体活动的产物,只是产出空间位置不同,实为同一矿床。同时,其成矿温度为中低温,硫可能来自盆地中膏盐的有机质热化学还原或含硫有机物的分解,金属可能源自区域沉积地层。 相似文献
18.
Tephrochronological study in the quaternary Val d’Agri intermontane basin (Southern Apennines,Italy)
Irene Zembo Pietro Vignola Sergio Andò Riccardo Bersezio Luigina Vezzoli 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2011,100(1):173-187
In the south-eastern depocentre of the Val d’Agri basin (Southern Apennines), a volcanic ash layer crops out interbedded within
poorly structured alluvial fan deposits of Late Pleistocene age. Textural, depositional and pedological features of this weathered
layer suggest a primary deposition from a pyroclastic fall-out of volcanic ash. Chemical analyses of feldspars show an alkali
trachytic composition and accessory minerals association allow to correlate this tephra layer with the regionally dispersed
Y-7 marine tephra layer (Tufo Verde Epomeo eruption, Ischia volcano), dated at 56 ± 4 ka. The Val d’Agri tephra here described
for the first time was deposited during MIS Stage 3. Its recovery and characterization permit to contribute to regional correlation
of the Mediterranean climatic and volcanic events from marine to continental successions and to describe landscape evolution
of the Southern Apennines during glacial–interglacial cycles. 相似文献
19.
《Quaternary Science Reviews》2007,26(9-10):1223-1235
High-precision U-series dating allows a direct correlation to be made between terrestrial records of the penultimate interglacial (Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage 7 (MIS 7)) in Britain and sub-stage climate forcing in the marine oxygen isotope sequence. U-series ages of surficial tufa deposits are of sufficient precision to correlate discrete episodes of temperate conditions with individual warm sub-stages within MIS 7. Furthermore, detailed biostratigraphy allows periods of faunal turnover to be correlated with cold climates and lowered sea level. Ecological and environmental conditions in Britain during MIS 7 are therefore driven by the short-lived, sub-stage climate forcing that is observable in the marine isotope record. It is clear that interglacial climates are highly dynamic, producing multiple climatic optima and a diverse range of environments within single warm episodes. Consequently sub-stage records of climate forcing are crucial frameworks for reconstructing terrestrial records of environmental change. 相似文献
20.
John C. Frye 《Quaternary Research》1973,3(2):275-283
The Quaternary of the continental interior of the United States is characterized by deposits from glacial ice, with associated outwash and eolian deposits, and by alluvial deposits produced by the same climatic pulses. Erosional incision of valleys occurred early in the glacial pulse, outwash deposition during the waning phase of the pulse, and soil formation during times of relative stability between the glacial pulses. These features of deposition, erosion, and soil formation are presented in a series of curves. One way the marine record could be correlated with that of the continental interior is to compare and match the physical records of both environments. 相似文献