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1.
从全球国际地球参考框架（International Terrestrial Reference Frame，ITRF）的建立、维护与发展，卫星测高、卫星重力等的发展及应用，全球卫星导航系统（Global Navigation Satellite System，GNSS）、卫星激光测距（Satellite Laser Ranging，SLR）、甚长基线干涉测量（very Long Baseline Interferometry，VLBI）、卫星多普勒定轨定位（Doppler Orbitography by Radiopositioning Integrated on Satellite，DORIS）的融合应用，海洋测绘和室内定位的发展等几个方面综述了大地测量学及卫星导航定位技术的最新进展，并提出中国2000国家大地坐标系与自主卫星导航系统的主要应用及发展目标。 相似文献
2.
Xavier Collilieux Laurent Métivier Zuheir Altamimi Tonie van Dam Jim Ray 《GPS Solutions》2011,15(3):219-231
The International GNSS Service (IGS) contributes to the construction of the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF)
by submitting time series of station positions and Earth Rotation Parameters (ERP). For the first time, its submission to
the ITRF2008 construction is based on a combination of entirely reprocessed GPS solutions delivered by 11 Analysis Centers
(ACs). We analyze the IGS submission and four of the individual AC contributions in terms of the GNSS frame origin and scale,
station position repeatability and time series seasonal variations. We show here that the GPS Terrestrial Reference Frame
(TRF) origin is consistent with Satellite laser Ranging (SLR) at the centimeter level with a drift lower than 1 mm/year. Although
the scale drift compared to Very Long baseline Interferometry (VLBI) and SLR mean scale is smaller than 0.4 mm/year, we think
that it would be premature to use that information in the ITRF scale definition due to its strong dependence on the GPS satellite
and ground antenna phase center variations. The new position time series also show a better repeatability compared to past
IGS combined products and their annual variations are shown to be more consistent with loading models. The comparison of GPS
station positions and velocities to those of VLBI via local ties in co-located sites demonstrates that the IGS reprocessed
solution submitted to the ITRF2008 is more reliable and precise than any of the past submissions. However, we show that some
of the remaining inconsistencies between GPS and VLBI positioning may be caused by uncalibrated GNSS radomes. 相似文献
3.
4.
坐标框架是描述地球形状及变化、表达地球空间信息的基础,也是拓展人类活动、促进社会发展的关键地球空间信息基础设施。随着空间大地测量观测技术的发展,地球科学及相关学科间的交叉渗透融合,利用其建立全球或区域坐标框架成为当前大地测量的主要任务。研究建立1毫米级坐标框架是国际大地测量学界21世纪的学科目标和重要挑战。本文以当前建立理论最完善、应用最广泛、精度最高的国际地球参考框架为例,描述了基于空间大地测量观测技术的坐标框架建立方法,阐述了全球及区域地心坐标框架建设的最新进展及局限性,最后针对建立1毫米级坐标框架的几个关键问题提出了研究思路。 相似文献
5.
区域参考框架是实现高精度区域大地形变观测和滑坡灾害长期监测的基础设施。结合活动地块的划分和长期的GNSS观测结果,笔者将我国大陆和海域初步划分为7个“刚性骨架地块”,简称“刚性地块”,拟建立覆盖我国陆海全域的区域参考框架系列:东北、华北、华南、西北、青藏、川滇及南海参考框架。本文介绍了从全球参考框架(IGS14)到区域参考框架的坐标转换方法,并例举了华北参考框架(NChina20)和华南参考框架(SChina20)在滑坡长期监测和滑坡初动自动识别领域的应用。 相似文献
6.
Relativity, or gravitational physics, has widely entered geodetic modelling and parameter determination. This concerns, first
of all, the fundamental reference systems used. The Barycentric Celestial Reference System (BCRS) has to be distinguished
carefully from the Geocentric Celestial Reference System (GCRS), which is the basic theoretical system for geodetic modelling
with a direct link to the International Terrestrial Reference System (ITRS), simply given by a rotation matrix. The relation
to the International Celestial Reference System (ICRS) is discussed, as well as various properties and relevance of these
systems. Then the representation of the gravitational field is discussed when relativity comes into play. Presently, the so-called
post-Newtonian approximation to GRT (general relativity theory) including relativistic effects to lowest order is sufficient
for practically all geodetic applications. At the present level of accuracy, space-geodetic techniques like VLBI (Very Long
Baseline Interferometry), GPS (Global Positioning System) and SLR/LLR (Satellite/Lunar Laser Ranging) have to be modelled
and analysed in the context of a post-Newtonian formalism. In fact, all reference and time frames involved, satellite and
planetary orbits, signal propagation and the various observables (frequencies, pulse travel times, phase and travel-time differences)
are treated within relativity. This paper reviews to what extent the space-geodetic techniques are affected by such a relativistic
treatment and where—vice versa—relativistic parameters can be determined by the analysis of geodetic measurements. At the
end, we give a brief outlook on how new or improved measurement techniques (e.g., optical clocks, Galileo) may further push
relativistic parameter determination and allow for refined geodetic measurements. 相似文献
7.
Younghee Kwak Mathis Bloßfeld Ralf Schmid Detlef Angermann Michael Gerstl Manuela Seitz 《Journal of Geodesy》2018,92(9):1047-1061
The Celestial Reference System (CRS) is currently realized only by Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) because it is the space geodetic technique that enables observations in that frame. In contrast, the Terrestrial Reference System (TRS) is realized by means of the combination of four space geodetic techniques: Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), VLBI, Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR), and Doppler Orbitography and Radiopositioning Integrated by Satellite. The Earth orientation parameters (EOP) are the link between the two types of systems, CRS and TRS. The EOP series of the International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service were combined of specifically selected series from various analysis centers. Other EOP series were generated by a simultaneous estimation together with the TRF while the CRF was fixed. Those computation approaches entail inherent inconsistencies between TRF, EOP, and CRF, also because the input data sets are different. A combined normal equation (NEQ) system, which consists of all the parameters, i.e., TRF, EOP, and CRF, would overcome such an inconsistency. In this paper, we simultaneously estimate TRF, EOP, and CRF from an inter-technique combined NEQ using the latest GNSS, VLBI, and SLR data (2005–2015). The results show that the selection of local ties is most critical to the TRF. The combination of pole coordinates is beneficial for the CRF, whereas the combination of \(\varDelta \hbox {UT1}\) results in clear rotations of the estimated CRF. However, the standard deviations of the EOP and the CRF improve by the inter-technique combination which indicates the benefits of a common estimation of all parameters. It became evident that the common determination of TRF, EOP, and CRF systematically influences future ICRF computations at the level of several \(\upmu \)as. Moreover, the CRF is influenced by up to \(50~\upmu \)as if the station coordinates and EOP are dominated by the satellite techniques. 相似文献
8.
随着甚长基线干涉测量(VLBI)、卫星激光测距(SLR)、激光测月(LLR)、全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)、多里斯系统(DORIS)等多种空间大地测量手段的使用,地球自转参数(ERP)的测量精度不断提高,为航天器导航、深空探测等诸多领域提供了高精度的国际天球参考系(ICRS)和国际地表参考系统(ITRS)之间的转换参数. 以国际地球自转与参考系服务发布的C04序列为基础序列,选取500天ERP序列,分析不同测量手段得到的ERP数据的误差分布情况,为研究利用不同数据之间的一致性进行精度检核的可行性及精度水平提供数据基础,同时也为ERP预报提供更多的数据选择. 相似文献
9.
连续的全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)基准站的坐标时间序列中包含了复杂的噪声信号、非构造形变及其它因素的影响,尤其在垂直方向,对GNSS基准站在国际地球参考框架(ITRF)下的运动速率估计产生了较大的干扰。为进一步提高速率精度,文中采用整体模态分解(EEMD)方法对GNSS基准站的垂向观测时间序列进行分解,并根据各种信号的Hurst值进行分类及重构为噪声信号、季节性信号和长期趋势信号,采用最小二乘方法拟合长期趋势信号得到垂向速率。通过对中国大陆构造环境监测网络(CMONOC)的GNSS台站从2001—2013年近13a的垂向坐标时间序列的实例分析,采用基于EEMD和Husrt指数的最小二乘法能够准确地估计GNSS基准站的垂向速率。 相似文献
10.
VLBI terrestrial reference frame contributions to ITRF2008 总被引：6，自引：5，他引：1
In late 2008, the Product Center for the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF) of the International Earth Rotation
and Reference Systems Service (IERS) issued a call for contributions to the next realization of the International Terrestrial
Reference System, ITRF2008. The official contribution of the International VLBI Service for Geodesy and Astrometry (IVS) to
ITRF2008 consists of session-wise datum-free normal equations of altogether 4,539 daily Very Long Baseline Interferometry
(VLBI) sessions from 1979.7 to 2009.0 including data of 115 different VLBI sites. It is the result of a combination of individual
series of session-wise datum-free normal equations provided by seven analysis centers (ACs) of the IVS. All series are completely
reprocessed following homogeneous analysis options according to the IERS Conventions 2003 and IVS Analysis Conventions. Altogether,
nine IVS ACs analyzed the full history of VLBI observations with four different software packages. Unfortunately, the contributions
of two ACs, Institute of Applied Astronomy (IAA) and Geoscience Australia (AUS), had to be excluded from the combination process.
This was mostly done because the IAA series exhibits a clear scale offset while the solution computed from normal equations
contained in the AUS SINEX files yielded unreliable results. Based on the experience gathered since the combination efforts
for ITRF2005, some discrepancies between the individual series were discovered and overcome. Thus, the consistency of the
individual VLBI solutions has improved considerably. The agreement in terms of WRMS of the Terrestrial Reference Frame (TRF)
horizontal components is 1 mm, of the height component 2 mm. Comparisons between ITRF2005 and the combined TRF solution for
ITRF2008 yielded systematic height differences of up to 5 mm with a zonal signature. These differences can be related to a
pole tide correction referenced to a zero mean pole used by four of five IVS ACs in the ITRF2005 contribution instead of a
linear mean pole path as recommended in the IERS Conventions. Furthermore, these systematics are the reason for an offset
in the scale of 0.4 ppb between the IVS’ contribution to ITRF2008 and ITRF2005. The Earth orientation parameters of seven
series used as input for the IVS combined series are consistent to a huge amount with about 50 μas WRMS in polar motion and
3 μs in dUT1. 相似文献
11.
ITRF中GNSS/SLR并址站归心基线的“一步解” 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
提出将SLR望远镜的参考点和两轴偏差作为未知参数,在ITRF中联合并址站归心测量中GNSS基线网和地面网观测量（水平方向、垂直角和边长）,建立SLR站观测设备的参考点与观测标志、观测标志之间、参考点和两轴偏差与其他未知参数之间的多种约束条件来求解归心基线的“一步解”。利用“一步解”解算出“陆态网络”中北京、昆明和西安3个GNSS/SLR并址站在ITRF2014中的归心基线及其协方差阵。结果显示：归心基线的中误差优于2 mm,与已有分步解相比,差值不超过2 mm;水平轴和垂直轴之间的偏差分别为3.8、0.7和3.6 mm,中误差分别为1.3、1.2和1.3 mm。 相似文献
12.
IGS08: the IGS realization of ITRF2008 总被引：22，自引：6，他引：16
P. Rebischung J. Griffiths J. Ray R. Schmid X. Collilieux B. Garayt 《GPS Solutions》2012,16(4):483-494
On April 17, 2011, the International GNSS Service (IGS) stopped using the IGS05 reference frame and adopted a new one, called IGS08, as the basis of its products. The latter was derived from the latest release of the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF2008). However, the simultaneous adoption of a new set of antenna phase center calibrations by the IGS required slight adaptations of ITRF2008 positions for 65 of the 232 IGS08 stations. The impact of the switch from IGS05 to IGS08 on GNSS station coordinates was twofold: in addition to a global transformation due to the frame change from ITRF2005 to ITRF2008, many station coordinates underwent small shifts due to antenna calibration updates, which need to be accounted for in any comparison or alignment of an IGS05-consistent solution to IGS08. Because the heterogeneous distribution of the IGS08 network makes it sub-optimal for the alignment of global frames, a smaller well-distributed sub-network was additionally designed and designated as the IGS08 core network. Only 2?months after their implementation, both the full IGS08 network and the IGS08 core network already strongly suffer from the loss of many reference stations. To avoid a future crisis situation, updates of IGS08 will certainly have to be considered before the next ITRF release. 相似文献
13.
Differential geodetic stereo SAR with TerraSAR-X by exploiting small multi-directional radar reflectors 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Christoph Gisinger Martin Willberg Ulrich Balss Thomas Klügel Swetlana Mähler Roland Pail Michael Eineder 《Journal of Geodesy》2017,91(1):53-67
In this paper, we report on the direct positioning of small multi-directional radar reflectors, so-called octahedrons, with the synthetic aperture radar (SAR) satellite TerraSAR-X. Its highest resolution imaging mode termed staring spotlight enables the use of such octahedron reflectors with a dimension of only half a meter, but still providing backscatter equivalent to 1–2 cm observation error. Four octahedrons were deployed at Wettzell geodetic observatory, and observed by TerraSAR-X with 12 acquisitions in three different geometries. By applying our least squares stereo SAR algorithm already tested with common trihedral corner reflectors (CRs), and introducing a novel differential extension using one octahedron as reference point, the coordinates of the remaining octahedrons were directly retrieved in the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF). Contrary to our standard processing, the differential approach does not require external corrections for the atmospheric path delays and the geodynamic displacements, rendering it particularly useful for joint geodetic networks employing SAR and GNSS. In this paper, we present and discuss both methods based on results when applying them to the aforementioned Wettzell data set of the octahedrons. The comparison with the independently determined reference coordinates confirms the positioning accuracy with 2–5 cm for the standard approach, and 2–3 cm for the differential processing. Moreover, we present statistical uncertainty estimates of the observations and the positioning solutions, which are additionally provided by our parameter estimation algorithms. The results also include our 1.5 m CR available at Wettzell, and the outcomes clearly demonstrate the advantage of the multi-directional octahedrons over conventional CRs for global positioning applications with SAR. 相似文献
14.
As one of the major contributors to the realisation of the International Terrestrial Reference System (ITRS), the Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) are prone to suffer from irregularities and discontinuities in time series. While often associated with hardware/software changes and the influence of the local environment, these discrepancies constitute a major threat for ITRS realisations. Co-located GNSS at fundamental sites, with two or more available instruments, provide the opportunity to mitigate their influence while improving the accuracy of estimated positions by examining data breaks, local biases, deformations, time-dependent variations and the comparison of GNSS baselines with existing local tie measurements. With the use of co-located GNSS data from a subset sites of the International GNSS Service network, this paper discusses a global multi-year analysis with the aim of delivering homogeneous time series of coordinates to analyse system-specific error sources in the local baselines. Results based on the comparison of different GNSS-based solutions with the local survey ties show discrepancies of up to 10 mm despite GNSS coordinate repeatabilities at the sub-mm level. The discrepancies are especially large for the solutions using the ionosphere-free linear combination and estimating tropospheric zenith delays, thus corresponding to the processing strategy used for global solutions. Snow on the antennas causes further problems and seasonal variations of the station coordinates. These demonstrate the need for a permanent high-quality monitoring of the effects present in the short GNSS baselines at fundamental sites. 相似文献
15.
New global positioning system reference station in Brazil 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Co-located very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) and global positioning system (GPS) reference stations were installed near Fortaleza, Brazil, in 1993. Both have been important in the realization and maintenance of the International Terrestrial Reference Frame. A new-generation GPS system was installed in 2005 to replace the original station. Experience gained in the prior 12 years was used to improve the design of the GPS antenna mount. Preliminary indications are greatly improved data quality from the new station. Simultaneous observations from the nearly half-year of overlapping operation have been used to determine the local tie between the new and old GPS reference points to about 1 mm accuracy. This can be used to update the 1993 survey tie between the original GPS and the VLBI points, although there are questions about the accuracy of that measurement based on a comparison with space geodetic data. A test of removing the conical radome over the old GPS antenna indicates that it has biased the station height by about 16 mm downward, which probably accounts for most of the previous survey discrepancy. 相似文献
16.
We examine the contribution of the Doppler Orbit determination and Radiopositioning Integrated by Satellite (DORIS) technique to the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF2005) by evaluating the quality of the submitted solutions as well as that of the frame parameters, especially the origin and the scale. Unlike the previous versions of the ITRF, ITRF2005 is constructed with input data in the form of time-series of station positions (weekly for satellite techniques and daily for VLBI) and daily Earth orientation parameters (EOPs), including full variance–covariance information. Analysis of the DORIS station positions’ time-series indicates an internal precision reaching 15 mm or better, at a weekly sampling. A cumulative solution using 12 years of weekly time-series was obtained and compared to a similar International GNSS Service (IGS) GPS solution (at 37 co-located sites) yielding a weighted root mean scatter (WRMS) of the order of 8 mm in position (at the epoch of minimum variance) and about 2.5 mm/year in velocity. The quality of this cumulative solution resulting from the combination of two individual DORIS solutions is better than any individual solution. A quality assessment of polar motion embedded in the contributed DORIS solutions is performed by comparison with the results of other space-geodetic techniques and in particular GPS. The inferred WRMS of polar motion varies significantly from one DORIS solution to another and is between 0.5 and 2 mas, depending on the strategy used and in particular estimating or not polar motion rate by the analysis centers. This particular aspect certainly needs more investigation by the DORIS Analysis Centers. 相似文献
17.
Very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) tracking of satellites is a topic of increasing interest for the establishment of space ties. This shall strengthen the connection of the various space geodetic techniques that contribute to the International Terrestrial Reference Frame. The concept of observing near-Earth satellites demands research on possible observing strategies. In this paper, we introduce this concept and discuss its possible benefits for improving future realizations of the International Terrestrial Reference System. Using simulated observations, we develop possible observing strategies that allow the determination of radio telescope positions in the satellite system on Earth with accuracies of a few millimeters up to 1–2 cm for weekly station coordinates. This is shown for satellites with orbital heights between 2,000 and 6,000 km, observed by dense regional as well as by global VLBI-networks. The number of observations, as mainly determined by the satellite orbit and the observation interval, is identified as the most critical parameter that affects the expected accuracies. For observations of global positioning system satellites, we propose the combination with classical VLBI to radio sources or a multi-satellite strategy. Both approaches allow station position repeatabilities of a few millimeters for weekly solutions. 相似文献
18.
19.
提出了建立中国地区高精度地面参考架（CHTRF）的建议和设想。先论述了用高精度空间大地测量技术建立CHTRF的必要性和可能性,给出了CHTRF的严格定义,接着详细讨论了CHTRF的建立和维持问题。指出要维持一个高精度CHTRF,必须建立中国地区地壳运动速度场,并提出了速度场的建立方法。最后讨论了CHTRF与全球ITRF的连接。 相似文献
20.
Plate Motion of India and Interseismic Strain in the Nepal Himalaya from GPS and DORIS Measurements 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Pierre Bettinelli Jean-Philippe Avouac Mireille Flouzat François Jouanne Laurent Bollinger Pascal Willis Gyani Raja Chitrakar 《Journal of Geodesy》2006,80(8-11):567-589
We analyse geodetically estimated deformation across the Nepal Himalaya in order to determine the geodetic rate of shortening between Southern Tibet and India, previously proposed to range from 12 to 21 mm yr?1. The dataset includes spirit-levelling data along a road going from the Indian to the Tibetan border across Central Nepal, data from the DORIS station on Everest, which has been analysed since 1993, GPS campaign measurements from surveys carried on between 1995 and 2001, as well as data from continuous GPS stations along a transect at the logitude of Kathmandu operated continuously since 1997. The GPS data were processed in International Terrestrial Reference Frame 2000 (ITRF2000), together with the data from 20 International GNSS Service (IGS) stations and then combined using quasi- observation combination analysis (QOCA). Finally, spatially complementary velocities at stations in Southern Tibet, initially determined in ITRF97, were expressed in ITRF2000. After analysing previous studies by different authors, we determined the pole of rotation of the Indian tectonic plate to be located in ITRF2000 at 51.409±1.560° N and ?10.915±5.556°E, with an angular velocity of 0.483±0.015°. Myr?1. Internal deformation of India is found to be small, corresponding to less than about 2 mm yr?1 of baseline change between Southern India and the Himalayan piedmont. Based on an elastic dislocation model of interseismic strain and taking into account the uncertainty on India plate motion, the mean convergence rate across Central and Eastern Nepal is estimated to 19±2.5 mm yr?1, (at the 67% confidence level). The main himalayan thrust (MHT) fault was found to be locked from the surface to a depth of about 20 km over a width of about 115 km. In these regions, the model parameters are well constrained, thanks to the long and continuous time-series from the permanent GPS as well as DORIS data. Further west, a convergence rate of 13.4±5 mm yr?1, as well as a fault zone, locked over 150 km, are proposed. The slight discrepancy between the geologically estimated deformation rate of 21±1.5 mm yr?1 and the 19±2.5 mm yr?1 geodetic rate in Central and Eastern Nepal, as well as the lower geodetic rate in Western Nepal compared to Eastern Nepal, places bounds on possible temporal variations of the pattern and rate of strain in the period between large earthquakes in this region. 相似文献