共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 218 毫秒
1.
Zhao Shaorong 《Journal of Geodesy》1990,64(4):301-396
According to the testing theory with two alternative hypotheses, the theory of detectability for a deformation monitoring
network has been extended to the theory of separability for deformations and gross errors. With this theory it can be evaluated
whether deformations and gross errors can be statistically distinguished each other, which is very important for deformation
analysis. General formulas are established and the separability between deformations and gross errors for some typical deformation
models is investigated. An example of separating gross errors from deformations is given. 相似文献
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LS估计对粗差非常敏感。在粗差的探测与识别理论体系中,通常采用正态检验、学生氏t检验以及τ检验等,笔者对此进行比较分析。标准化局部敏感度指标与标准化LS残差均可用来作正态检验,但研究表明,当观测量相关时,前者的检验功效大于后者。先验单位权方差因子未知时,可依据内部学生化残差及外部学生化残差分别进行τ检验和学生氏t检验。... 相似文献
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根据单个备选假设的统计检验,详细导出了模型误差的可区分度公式,并论述了可区分度与可发现度及与Forstner法的关系。作为应用,可导出变形模型的可区分度及网的可区分标准,在监测网的设计中应用。 相似文献
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可靠性作为分析结果评价的质量指标,同时也是分析模型构建的优化准则。在传统测绘领域,李德仁于20世纪80年代中期提出了两个多维备选假设的模型误差可区分理论和验后方差选权迭代的粗差剔除方法,发展了测量平差可靠性理论及摄影测量应用。在电磁物理和普适计算支持下,传统测绘技术已经进化为现代地球空间信息科技。随之,可靠性理论内容从测量平差的粗差处理、空间数据分析的异常处理延伸到空间信息服务的可信计算,可靠性分析方法也从统计推断、优化计算延伸到逻辑推理。类比语言学,测量平差的粗差处理为语法分析,空间分析的异常处理为语义分析,空间信息服务的可信计算则为语用分析。简要地给出了空间数据分析的可靠性指标计算方法,分析了优化目标（成本或代价）函数构造的一般准则（物理系统的能量最小化、数据系统的信息量最大化和用户系统的决策风险最小化）,指出可靠性理论方法呈现整体模拟趋势（正常和异常的相对整体性,外在数据和内在状态的相对整体性,静态结构和动态行为的相对整体性,人机地系统的相对整体性）。 相似文献
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Bayesian methods for outliers detection in GNSS time series 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This article is concerned with the problem of detecting outliers in GNSS time series based on Bayesian statistical theory. Firstly, a new model is proposed to simultaneously detect different types of outliers based on the conception of introducing different types of classification variables corresponding to the different types of outliers; the problem of outlier detection is converted into the computation of the corresponding posterior probabilities, and the algorithm for computing the posterior probabilities based on standard Gibbs sampler is designed. Secondly, we analyze the reasons of masking and swamping about detecting patches of additive outliers intensively; an unmasking Bayesian method for detecting additive outlier patches is proposed based on an adaptive Gibbs sampler. Thirdly, the correctness of the theories and methods proposed above is illustrated by simulated data and then by analyzing real GNSS observations, such as cycle slips detection in carrier phase data. Examples illustrate that the Bayesian methods for outliers detection in GNSS time series proposed by this paper are not only capable of detecting isolated outliers but also capable of detecting additive outlier patches. Furthermore, it can be successfully used to process cycle slips in phase data, which solves the problem of small cycle slips. 相似文献
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针对测绘地理信息产品抽样检验的要求,给出了两类错误概率的计算方法,并通过各种不同抽样方案的两类错误概率值,分析了现行的国标GB/T24356—2009抽样检验的特点。同时针对大批量整体抽样检验和分批抽样检验,通过实例计算,说明了大批量整体检验与分批检验对整体通过概率的等价性以及分批检验的不合理性。基于“纳伪”概率值分析,提出了低合格率总体条件下,抽样检验自身的高“纳伪”概率将导致抽样检验的失效性,并通过实际算例计算了导致检验结论失真的质量边界,对测绘地理信息产品的质量风险控制具有重要意义。 相似文献
8.
Rüdiger Lehmann 《Journal of Geodesy》2013,87(4):373-386
The concept of outlier detection by statistical hypothesis testing in geodesy is briefly reviewed. The performance of such tests can only be measured or optimized with respect to a proper alternative hypothesis. Firstly, we discuss the important question whether gross errors should be treated as non-random quantities or as random variables. In the first case, the alternative hypothesis must be based on the common mean shift model, while in the second case, the variance inflation model is appropriate. Secondly, we review possible formulations of alternative hypotheses (inherent, deterministic, slippage, mixture) and discuss their implications. As measures of optimality of an outlier detection, we propose the premium and protection, which are briefly reviewed. Finally, we work out a practical example: the fit of a straight line. It demonstrates the impact of the choice of an alternative hypothesis for outlier detection. 相似文献
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The availability of GPS signals is a major concern for many existing and potential applications. Fortunately, with the development of Galileo by the European Commission (EC) and European Space Agency (ESA) and new funding for the restoration of the Russian GLONASS announced by the Russian Federation (Revnivykh et al., in European Navigation Conference 2005, Munich, Germany, July 19–22), the future for satellite-based positioning and navigation applications is extremely promising. With the complete cooperation from all these global navigation satellite systems (GNSS), greater levels of satellite visibility and therefore integrity can be expected. In this paper, a receiver autonomous integrity monitoring (RAIM) scheme along with reliability and separability measures are used to assess integrity performance levels of standalone GPS and integrated GPS/GLONASS, GPS/Galileo and GPS/GLONASS/Galileo systems where the clock offsets for each of the additional systems are estimated. It is shown, herein, that a minimum of three satellites must be visible in an additional system in order to provide a full integrity contribution when the system’s clock offset is to be estimated within the adjustment. A comparison of the integrity results obtained via system clock offsets estimated in the adjustment versus the case where the offsets are known and the measurements are corrected prior to the adjustment is also made for a high elevation mask scenario. Global simulation results for combined GPS/GLONASS/Galileo show that, theoretically, for the time of simulation and for any point on the globe, an outlier of 20 m can be detected with 80% probability at the 0.5% significance level and then separated from any other measurement with 90% probability. Corresponding values for the GPS only and combined GPS/GLONASS and GPS/Galileo systems, respectively, are approximately 435, 110 and 28 m, respectively, for the maximum MSBs and 312, 50 and 26 m, respectively, for the maximum MDBs. Temporal 24 h simulations for the GPS/GLONASS/Galileo scenario delivered agreeable results with the global snapshots for a 15° elevation mask. For the case where system clock offsets are estimated within the adjustment, it was shown that only the reliability measure was available for 100% of the time, with horizontal external reliability values of no more than about 12 m when a 30° masking angle was used. By assuming the clock offsets were determined and corrected for prior to the adjustment, the separability measure was markedly improved and was also available 100% of the time. 相似文献
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Baardas reliability measures for outliers, as well as sensitivity and separability measures for deformations, are functions of the lower bound of the non-centrality parameter (LBNP). This parameter, which is taken from Baardas well-known nomograms, is actually a non-centrality parameter of the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the non-central 2-distribution yielding a complementary probability of the desired power of the test, i.e. probability of Type II error. It is investigated how the LBNP can be computed for desired probabilities (power of the test and significance level) and known degrees of freedom. Two recursive algorithms, namely bisection and the Newton algorithm, were applied to compute the LBNP after the definition of a stable and accurate algorithm for the computation of the corresponding CDF. Despite the fact that the recursive algorithms ensure some desired accuracy, it is presented numerically that the Newton algorithm has a faster convergence to the solution than the bisection algorithm. 相似文献
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从概率论的角度看,矢量GIS平面线状实体落入其相应误差模型内的概率值是决定线状实体误差模型规模的依据。根据等概率密度误差模型建模机理、概率论与数理统计以及数值分析,文献[1]、[3]、[4]研究了矢量GIS平面线状实体落入其相应等概率密度误差模型内的概率算法,在此基础上,文中对概率特征进行了总结和分析,得出了"线状实体落入其相应等概率密度误差模型内的概率不仅与线状实体上点位精度最低的特征点"标准误差椭圆缩放系数"有关,而且还随特征点精度的变化而变化"的结论。实例计算与分析验证了该结论的正确性。 相似文献
12.
Understanding the role of the ionospheric delay in single-point single-epoch GPS coordinates 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Elsa Mohino 《Journal of Geodesy》2008,82(1):31-45
The ionospheric delay is the main source of error for single-point single-epoch (SPSE) GPS positioning when using single-frequency
receivers. In contrast to the common slant approach, in this article we focus on its effect in final coordinates through the
study of bias propagation in SPSE positioning: we first show an analytical resolution for the propagation problem with highly
symmetric satellite configurations. To overcome some of the disadvantages of this first method, we use Santerre’s technique
and, finally, present a new numerical methodology that allows us to generalize for a real geometry and obtain an average ionospheric
positioning error over a given site. From the results obtained, four working hypotheses that relate the ionospheric shape
above the receiver with final position errors are presented and tested. These four hypotheses, which agree with average ionospheric
positioning error in 95% of the studied cases, can be related to the construction of the design matrix. Finally, these hypotheses
have been used to address a situation where the ionospheric delay is corrected with an ionospheric model. 相似文献
13.
When precise positioning is carried out via GNSS carrier phases, it is important to make use of the property that every ambiguity should be an integer. With the known float solution, any integer vector, which has the same degree of freedom as the ambiguity vector, is the ambiguity vector in probability. For both integer aperture estimation and integer equivariant estimation, it is of great significance to know the posterior probabilities. However, to calculate the posterior probability, we have to face the thorny problem that the equation involves an infinite number of integer vectors. In this paper, using the float solution of ambiguity and its variance matrix, a new approach to rapidly and accurately calculate the posterior probability is proposed. The proposed approach consists of four steps. First, the ambiguity vector is transformed via decorrelation. Second, the range of the adopted integer of every component is directly obtained via formulas, and a finite number of integer vectors are obtained via combination. Third, using the integer vectors, the principal value of posterior probability and the correction factor are worked out. Finally, the posterior probability of every integer vector and its error upper bound can be obtained. In the paper, the detailed process to calculate the posterior probability and the derivations of the formulas are presented. The theory and numerical examples indicate that the proposed approach has the advantages of small amount of computations, high calculation accuracy and strong adaptability. 相似文献
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不同类型识别变量的自回归模型异常值探测的Bayes方法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
讨论基于自回归模型(AR模型)的时间序列数据中异常值探测的Bayes方法。该方法针对自回归模型引入不同类型的识别变量,通过比较这些识别变量的后验概率值与事先给定的阈值来进行异常值定位;基于Gibbs抽样算法,提出识别变量后验概率值的计算方法和异常值的估算方法;进行了大量的模拟试验并把该方法应用于卫星钟差实测数据的异常值探测,结果表明,该方法对于解决时间序列数据中在同一时刻或不同时刻出现加性异常值或革新异常值的探测问题是可行的和有效的。 相似文献
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一种基于蓝牙室内指纹定位的贝叶斯改进算法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
贝叶斯估计是重要的位置指纹定位算法,但传统的等值贝叶斯先验概率在动态定位中不适用。针对该问题,本文提出了一种基于贝叶斯指纹定位的改进算法。首先,借助陀螺仪获取的航向信息和高斯核函数模型建立概率投票算法,计算先验概率;然后,结合先验概率和信号强度计算待测点位于参考点上的后验概率;最后,选取概率最高的参考点,以概率为权重计算待测点的最或然值。以智能手机为试验对象,在规则路径试验中,改进算法的平均定位误差为1.15 m,定位误差小于2 m的概率为96.1%,不规则路径试验中,平均定位误差为0.50 m,定位误差在1 m的可信度为94.8%;并且改进算法对定位中位置跳变的现象有明显改善,具有较好的稳健性。 相似文献
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树冠形状对孔隙率及叶面积指数估算的影响分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
叶片在树冠尺度的聚集是森林场景中的重要聚集形式,模型中常假设树冠为规则的几何形体(椭球、圆锥、圆锥+圆柱等)。对树冠形状归属进行判断时界限并不明显,从而具有很强的主观性。本文首先扩展了Nilson的森林孔隙率模型,使其适用于椭球、圆锥、圆锥+圆柱等3种常见形状的树冠,并基于该模型分析了孔隙率、聚集指数对树冠形状的敏感性。同时,本文还分析了树冠形状对叶面积指数(LAI)地面间接测量精度的影响。基于不同形状树冠的模拟数据分析发现,树冠的体积、投影面积是树冠形状产生作用的主要因子,在冠层底部椭球形树冠和圆锥+圆柱形树冠的平均孔隙率、聚集指数都非常接近,而圆锥形树冠与两者存在较大差异。树冠形状的错误设置在极端情况下可导致估算的真实LAI误差超过25%。 相似文献
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在地面车载组合导航中,全球导航卫星系统（global navigation satellite system,GNSS）的观测值容易受地面复杂环境的干扰,导致其定位结果出现异常,严重影响GNSS/捷联惯性导航系统（strap-down inertial navigation system,SINS）组合的滤波解算。从惯导系统误差特性的角度,研究了一种基于加表零偏稳定性的组合导航异常探测新方法。该方法从加表零偏解算的异常来发现GNSS位置、速度等观测值中的粗差,并采取剔除和降权的抗差方法抵御粗差影响。通过一组车载数据的分析表明,观测粗差对加表零偏解算的影响十分显著,以此为判别条件能够准确地发现观测粗差。采用该方法后,位置误差、速度误差和姿态误差的均方根分别减小了70.8%、87.9%和77.7%,显著提高了组合导航的解算精度和鲁棒性,为组合导航数据的抗差处理提供了一种新思路。 相似文献