共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 163 毫秒
1.
溢油污染对湛江生态和经济的影响与对策 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
结合湛江市的海洋产业结构及港口概况，对湛江港溢油污染状况进行了分析。并从可持续发展的角度，分析了溢油污染给湛江的生态和经济发展带来的影响，提出了相应的对策和建议，为湛江溢油的防治工作提供了一定的参考。 相似文献
2.
海面溢油对海洋生态的影响具有频率高、范围广和危害大的特点。卫星遥感已成为海面溢油监测的重要手段。本文从海面油膜光谱特性出发,与常用的光学卫星传感器建立对应关系,根据对不同光学遥感卫星的空间分辨率、时间分辨率、幅宽和波段数等主要物理参数的对比分析认为,MODIS传感器和HJ-1卫星有较强的海面溢油监测能力。故此,采用MODIS、BJ-1、HJ-1和FY-3光学卫星影像,对2006年3月和2011年6月渤海海面溢油污染事故进行了遥感监测。MODIS遥感图像可以清晰反映出2006年和2011年这2次溢油污染事故中海面油膜信息,HJ-1卫星遥感影像则能反映出2011年溢油污染事故中海面油膜信息,而BJ-1和FY-3卫星遥感影像不能反映出海面油膜信息。HJ-1、BJ-1和FY-3卫星在波段设置上相似,但是,BJ-1和FY-3卫星不能反映出油膜信息,所以,本文进一步对这2次溢油事件中的MODIS遥感影像的油水光谱反差和海水光谱方差进行计算,并对结果进行比较分析,实验结果表明,当MODIS某一波段的海水光谱方差小于油水光谱反差时,则该波段可以显示出油膜信息;而当油水光谱反差小于或接近海水方差时,则不能反映出海面油膜信息。从波谱响应、空间分辨率和时间分辨率,以及监测实例中说明MODIS传感器有较强的海面溢油监测能力。 相似文献
3.
试论湛江红树林区生物多样性保护 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
论述了湛江红树林区生物多样性的现状与历史变化状况,分析了红树林区生物多样性保护中存在的问题与主要制约因素,提出了保护湛江红树林区生物多样性的一些措施和建议科学规划,保护和建设红树林生态系统;制定法规,加强管理;加强监测,控制污染;宣传教育,提高保护和发展红树林的意识等. 相似文献
4.
试论湛江红树林区生物多样性保护 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
论述了湛江红树林区生物多样性的现状与历史变化状况，分析了红树林区生物多样性保护中存在的问题与主要制约因素，提出了保护湛江红树林区生物多样性的一些措施的建议。科学规划，保护和建设红树林生态系统；制定法规，加强管理，加强监测，控制污染，宣传教育，提高保护和发展红树林的意识等。 相似文献
5.
多元指标的海上溢油信息提取 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
海上溢油给海洋生态环境带来了巨大的影响,甚至需要几十年才能恢复。运用卫星遥感进行海上溢油监测已成为目前溢油监测的主要手段。本文对海上溢油遥感监测方法进行了分析,鉴此,提出了一种SAR数据的多元指标溢油信息提取方法。首先,对图像进行分割,然后,建立溢油形状参数、纹理特征指数、物理特性指数等主要指标,并以层次分析法得出每一类指标的权重。针对每一类指标,以经现场验证的溢油图像为基础,选择形状参数,如周长与面积比值、复杂度等,建立溢油形状判读等级;选择纹理特征参数,以灰度共生矩阵的相关性、熵、变化等来表达溢油的纹理特性,建立溢油纹理特征判断等级;选择溢油物理特征,如溢油与海水的标准差、均方根差、对比度等,建立溢油物理参数判断等级。在此基础上,建立海上溢油遥感信息提取指数,计算分割图斑的溢油遥感信息提取指数,以此判断溢油遥感信息提取的置信度,为溢油识别提供依据。 相似文献
6.
随着海上石油运输业和海洋石油工业的迅速发展,海上溢油事故频繁发生,造成了巨大的生态和经济上的损失,因此,实时监测溢油信息对灾害防控具有重要意义。本文基于多源SAR影像数据,开展了溢油遥感监测研究,构建了基于GIS的海洋溢油业务化监测系统。系统基于GDAL对原始数据进行解析,实现影像输入和几何校正等处理;在此基础上,封装多尺度图像分割算法和灰度对比度特征提取算法,对SAR影像数据进行分块、分割、溢油识别、合并及参数赋值等自动化处理,实现溢油信息提取的一键化处理;面向溢油监测应用需求,制作各类标准化产品,自动添加制图整饰要素、影像参数、溢油面积和溢油源等各类信息,并实时生成专题快报。 相似文献
7.
湛江具有建设绿色城市的基础条件,选择走绿色城市之路,是科学发展观的要求,也是湛江自身全面发展的必要选择。运用评价分析和社会调查分别描述、刻画了当前湛江绿色城市建设的状况及趋势。依据实证分析结论探讨了建设绿色湛江所面临的主要问题及其主要影响因素,并提出了具有针对性的对策与建议。 相似文献
8.
工业化一直是湛江经济发展的重要问题。经过计算和比较得出了一个判断——湛江工业化一直处于比较低水平，其关键问题是工业支柱产业不明确。按照支柱产业基准对湛江工业行业进行定量计算与定性分析，提出湛江工业支柱产业的选择方案。 相似文献
9.
周荣伟 《广东海洋大学学报》2004,24(2):114-118
从湛江农业劳动力现状出发 ,估算了农业剩余劳动力数量 ,分析了农业剩余劳动力转移中的障碍 ,提出湛江农业剩余劳动力转移的方向和政策建议。 相似文献
10.
徐小怡 《广东海洋大学学报》2010,30(5)
从人文、交通、港口及产业等方面分析了湛江发展钢铁石化大工业的社会经济条件,介绍了湛江新上钢铁石化项目的概况。针对传统钢铁石化环境污染的弊端,从转变钢铁企业功能、构建钢铁—石化产业链、建造循环生态圈的角度,设计了湛江钢铁石化循环经济的基本方案。结合湛江实际,提出湛江钢铁石化大工业可持续发展的对策与建议。 相似文献
11.
MEI Hong* YIN Yanjie ） Law Politics School Ocean University of China Qingdao P. R. China ） School of Engineering Arts Qingdao Technical College Qingdao P. R. China 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2009,8(3):312-316
The sources of marine oil spills are mainly from accidents of marine oil tankers or freighters, marine oil-drilling platforms,
marine oil pipelines, marine oilfields, terrestrial pollution, oil-bearing atmosphere, and offshore oil production equipment.
It is concluded upon analysis that there are two main reasons for marine oil spills: (I) The motive for huge economic benefits
of oil industry owners and oil shipping agents far surpasses their sense of ecological risks. (II) Marine ecological safety
has not become the main concern of national security. Oil spills are disasters because humans spare no efforts to get economic
benefits from oil. The present paper draws another conclusion that marine ecological damage caused by oil spills can be roughly
divided into two categories: damage to marine resource value (direct value) and damage to marine ecosystem service value (indirect
value). Marine oil spills cause damage to marine biological, fishery, seawater, tourism and mineral resources to various extents,
which contributes to the lower quality and value of marine resources. 相似文献
12.
海面溢油对生态环境造成了严重危害,故及早发现和尽快处理对降低事故影响和经济损失起着至关重要的作用。合成孔径雷达(SAR)是观测海面溢油、快速检测和事故态势分析判断的有效技术途径。本文针对SAR图像的海面溢油检测,提出了一种特征概率函数的双阈值分割方法。首先,通过高低阈值分割提取不同层次的灰度信息,再利用密度估计提取灰度的空间分布信息,然后,通过构建概率函数对油膜和类油膜区域进行形态学分类,最后,结合辅助信息,获得最终的海面溢油检测结果。本文利用香港中文大学卫星地面站接收的ENVISAT ASAR图像开展实验,结果表明,本文提出的方法能够准确地排除由风场或者水流场导致的低散射区域,有效地检测和识别生成不久的中型油膜,从而有助于溢油事故的早期预警与处置。 相似文献
13.
The estimation of oil spill coverage is an important part of monitoring of oil spills at sea.The spatial resolution of images collected by airborne hyper-spectral remote sensing limits both the detection of oil spills and the accuracy of estimates of their size.We consider at-sea oil spills with zonal distribution in this paper and improve the traditional independent component analysis algorithm.For each independent component we added two constraint conditions:non-negativity and constant sum.We use priority weighting by higher-order statistics,and then the spectral angle match method to overcome the order nondeterminacy.By these steps,endmembers can be extracted and abundance quantified simultaneously.To examine the coverage of a real oil spill and correct our estimate,a simulation experiment and a real experiment were designed using the algorithm described above.The result indicated that,for the simulation data,the abundance estimation error is 2.52% and minimum root mean square error of the reconstructed image is 0.030 6.We estimated the oil spill rate and area based on eight hyper-spectral remote sensing images collected by an airborne survey of Shandong Changdao in 2011.The total oil spill area was 0.224 km~2,and the oil spill rate was 22.89%.The method we demonstrate in this paper can be used for the automatic monitoring of oil spill coverage rates.It also allows the accurate estimation of the oil spill area. 相似文献
14.
《中国海洋湖沼学报》2021,(4)
Marine oil spills are among the most signifi cant sources of marine pollution. Synthetic aperture radar(SAR) has been used to improve oil spill observations because of its advantages in oil spill detection and identifi cation. However, speckle noise, weak boundaries, and intensity inhomogeneity often exist in the oil spill regions of SAR imagery, which will seriously aff ect the accurate identifi cation of oil spills. To enhance marine oil spill segmentation of SAR images, a fast, edge-preserving framework based on the distance-regularized level set evolution(DRLSE) model was proposed. Specifi cally, a bilateral fi lter penalty term is designed and incorporated into the DRLSE energy function(BF-DRLSE) to preserve the edges of oil spills, and an adaptive initial box boundary was selected for the DRLSE model to reduce the operation time complexity. Two sets of RadarSat-2 SAR data were used to test the proposed method. The experimental results indicate that the bilateral filtering scheme incorporated into the energy function during level set evolution improved the stability of level set evolution. Compared with other methods, the proposed improved BF-DRLSE algorithm displayed a higher overall segmentation accuracy(97.83%). In addition, using an appropriate initial box boundary for the DRLSE method accelerated the global search process, improved the accuracy of oil spill segmentation, and reduced computational time. Therefore, the results suggest that the proposed framework is eff ective and applicable for marine oil spill segmentation. 相似文献
15.
Journal of Oceanology and Limnology - Features of oil spills and look-alikes in polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images always play an important role in oil spill detection. Many oil... 相似文献
16.
A Multi-channel Oceanographic Fluorescence Lidar (MOFL), with a UV excitation at 355 nm and multiple receiving channels at typical wavelengths of fluorescence from oil spills and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), has been developed using the Laser-induced Fluorescence (LIF) technique. The sketch of the MOFL system equipped with a compact multi-channel photomultiplier tube (MPMT) is introduced in the paper. The methods of differentiating the oil fluorescence from the background water fluorescence and evaluating the Chl-a concentration are described. Two field experiments were carried out to investigate the field performance of the system, i.e., an experiment in coastal areas for oil pollution detection and an experiment over the Yellow Sea for Chl-a monitoring. In the coastal experiment, several oil samples and other fluorescence substances were used to analyze the fluorescence spectral characteristics for oil identification, and to estimate the thickness of oil films at the water surface. The experiment shows that both the spectral shape of fluorescence induced from surface water and the intensity ratio of two channels (I 495/I 405) are essential to determine oil-spill occurrence. In the airborne experiment, MOFL was applied to measure relative Chl-a concentrations in the upper layer of the ocean. A comparison of relative Chl-a concentration measurements by MOFL and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) indicates that the two datasets are in good agreement. The results show that the MOFL system is capable of monitoring oil spills and Chl-a in the upper layer of ocean water. 相似文献
17.
根据海上溢油试验结果，结合20a来对海上溢油事故的观察结果分析了油类入海后漂流和扩散过程。经分析认为1）海面油类漂流的速度和方向取决于风和表层海流的速度和方向，海面油类漂流的速度和方向基本符合UO=UC+ζW和D=C 相似文献
18.
湛江工业化与工业支柱产业的选择 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
工业化一直是湛江经济发展的重要问题。经过计算和比较得出了一个判断———湛江工业化一直处于比较低水平 ,其关键问题是工业支柱产业不明确。按照支柱产业基准对湛江工业行业进行定量计算与定性分析 ,提出湛江工业支柱产业的选择方案。 相似文献
19.
Response of microbial community to petroleum stress and phosphate dosage in sediments of Jiaozhou Bay,China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
ZHAO Yangguo CHEN Min BAI Jie LI Xinwei Farhana Zulfiqar and WANG Qianli 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2014,13(2):249-256
The dynamic microcosms were used to evaluate the effect of oil spills on microbial ecological system in marine sediment and the enhancement of nutrient on the oil removal. The function and structure of microbial community caused by the oil pollution and phosphate dosage were simultaneously monitored by dehydrogenase activity assay and PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) techniques. The results indicated that the amount of total bacteria in all dynamic microcosms declined rapidly with incubation time. The number of petroleum-degrading bacteria and the activity of sediment dehydrogenase were gradually enhanced by petroleum in the oil-treated microcosms, while they both showed no obvious response to phosphate dosage. In comparison, phosphate spiked heterotrophic bacteria and they showed a significant increase in amount. DGGE profiles indicated that petroleum dosage greatly changed community structure, and the bacteria belonged to class Deltaproteobacteria, and phyla Bacteroidetes and Chlorobi were enriched. This study demonstrated that petroleum input greatly impacted the microbial community structure and consequently the marine sediment petroleum-degrading activity was enhanced. Phosphate dosage would multiply heterotrophic bacteria but not significantly enhance the petroleum degradation. 相似文献