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1.
Water vulnerability assessment in karst environments: a new method of defining protection areas using a multi-attribute approach and GIS tools (EPIK method) 总被引：42，自引：12，他引：30
Groundwater resources from karst aquifers play a major role in the water supply in karst areas in the world, such as in Switzerland.
Defining groundwater protection zones in karst environment is frequently not founded on a solid hydrogeological basis. Protection
zones are often inadequate and as a result they may be ineffective. In order to improve this situation, the Federal Office
for Environment, Forests and Landscape with the Swiss National Hydrological and Geological Survey contracted the Centre of
Hydrogeology of the Neuchatel University to develop a new groundwater protection-zones strategy in karst environment. This
approach is based on the vulnerability mapping of the catchment areas of water supplies provided by springs or boreholes.
Vulnerability is here defined as the intrinsic geological and hydrogeological characteristics which determine the sensitivity
of groundwater to contamination by human activities. The EPIK method is a multi-attribute method for vulnerability mapping
which takes into consideration the specific hydrogeological behaviour of karst aquifers. EPIK is based on a conceptual model
of karst hydrological systems, which suggests considering four karst aquifer attributes: (1) Epikarst, (2) Protective cover,
(3) Infiltration conditions and (4) Karst network development. Each of these four attributes is subdivided into classes which
are mapped over the whole water catchment. The attributes and their classes are then weighted. Attribute maps are overlain
in order to obtain a final vulnerability map. From the vulnerability map, the groundwater protection zones are defined precisely.
This method was applied at several sites in Switzerland where agriculture contamination problems have frequently occurred.
These applications resulted in recommend new boundaries for the karst water supplies protection-zones.
Received: 27 October 1997 · Accepted: 4 July 1998 相似文献
2.
岩溶地面塌陷预测模型初探 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
岩溶的发育程度、上覆岩土体性质是岩溶地面塌陷形成的基本条件;地下水位下降,地表水或降水入渗,震动荷载等动力扰动,是形成岩溶地面塌陷产生的诱发动力条件。本文以山东省泰安市岩溶地面塌陷区为例,讨论了岩溶地面塌陷的产生机理,并从受力情况对其进行了分析探讨,从而提出了岩溶地面塌陷的预测模型。本文还根据研究区的8个塌陷实例对模型进行了检验。结果表明,该模型的计算结果与实际情况基本吻合。 相似文献
3.
YANG Xiang-peng ZHANG Fa-wang XU Qi CHEN Zhen BI Xue-li SHI Jian ZHOU Li-xin YANG Chen 《地下水科学与工程》2015,3(3):280-284
As China and Southeast Asian countries have accelerated and globalized their economic development, karst environmental problems have become increasingly prominent and studying on and compiling maps of karst geology is quite important. Therefore, based on a wide collection of data in Southeast Asian countries, a cooperative map compilation has been carried out internationally. Through comprehensive research and analysis, a unified understanding has been achieved in terms of compiling principles, contents and representing methods, Distribution of Karst in Southern China and Southeast Asia (1/5 000 000) has been compiled, which provides foundations for environmental protection and scientific studies of karst geology. 相似文献
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Karst is a complex geological phenomenon that relates to terranes composed of limestone, dolomites, gypsum, halite, or other soluble rocks. Protection of groundwater in karst against pollution is needed because of the high velocity of its flow (several hundreds of thousands of meters per day) and where polluted materials are carried without being filtered. Protection of karstic aquifers against pathogens and rapidly degradable chemicals is carried out for the catchment areas with an estimated delay time of 60 days and for a distance of more than 30 m. Tracer methods have recently become quite useful in karst regions; a tracer may respond as a multiimpulse because of different flow lines, flow velocities, and water aquifers. Therefore, if a total water balance has to be established, nearly all answer-back impulses should be considered. 相似文献
6.
过量开采岩溶水会导致岩溶地面塌陷,枣庄则是全国岩溶地面塌陷比较严重的地区之一,塌陷已对当地的居民生活和经济建设造成了巨大的危害。根据大量的勘察资料和地下水动态监测资料,研究了枣庄地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩岩溶发育特征,探讨了岩溶地面塌陷的形成机理,岩溶裂隙和上覆土层的性质和厚度是岩溶地面塌陷的先决条件,地下水位大幅度升降引起的物理地质作用是塌陷的主要动力来源,震动和水位突变是重要的诱发因素。 相似文献
7.
Sinkhole distribution in a rapidly developing urban environment: Hillsborough County, Tampa Bay area, Florida 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
Sinkhole formation in Florida is a common event. The Florida karst plain is significantly altered by human development and sinkholes cause considerable property damage throughout much of the state. We present in this paper a morphometric analysis of karst depressions in the Tampa Bay area, and the relation with the known distribution of sinkholes. We selected the Tampa Bay area because it is particularly susceptible to the evolution of karst depressions in relation with development of the built-up environment. Karst depressions were mapped from the 1:24,000 USGS topographic maps and a morphometric analysis was performed by using parameters such as shape, circularity index, perimeter, area, length, width, and orientation. Maps showing the distribution of depression density, and the sectors with greatest areas of karst depression were produced using a GIS. These results were compared with data compiled from the database of sinkhole occurrences in Florida maintained by the Florida Geological Survey. Our analysis demonstrates that the distribution of new sinkhole occurrences differs from the distribution of existing sinkholes, indicating that there are processes acting today that are influencing karst landscape formation that are different from those acting in the past. 相似文献
8.
IGCP 379“岩溶作用与碳循环”在中国的研究进展 总被引：24，自引：1，他引：23
ＩＧＣＰ３７９项“岩溶作用与碳循环”是中国建议并组织实施的,于１９９５～１９９９年执行。作者对１９９５年以来项目的实施情况及其研究进展作了总结,并对每一科学的研究进展作了综述：（１）表夺溶系统碳循环与大气ＣＯ２源汇的主要进展有３方面：扩展了研究地区;揭示了秀层岩溶系统碳循环的运动机制;对表层岩溶作用回收大气ＣＯ２量进行了估算;（２）深部ＣＯ２释放问题的主要进展有;发现了更多的深部ＣＯ２释放带;揭示 相似文献
9.
全球岩溶生态系统对比:科学目标和执行计划 总被引：88，自引：4，他引：88
由我国提出的新的国际地质对比计划“全球岩溶生态系统对比”（IGCP 448）已于2000年初由IGCP科学委员会批准，在2000－2004的5年中执行。该项目的科学目标是：对比全球不同气候条件下的宏观岩溶生态系统，揭示其形成机理；对比不同地质条件下微观岩溶生态系统，揭示其对物种选择的影响，为岩溶地区石漠化治理，重建良性生态系统探索新思路，从地理，地质角度对比地下岩溶生态系统；研究岩溶生态系统与人类活动的相互作用。5年中除40余个参与国将作好本国岩溶生态系统研究作为全球对比的基础外，还将重点联合考察罗马尼亚，巴西，中国，西班牙，法国，美国，俄罗斯，澳大利亚等国的典型岩溶区，并作深入对比研究，IGCP448的核心科学问题是岩溶生态系统的运行规律，对如何利用我国地域优势和组织该多边国际合作计划的有利条件，进一步做好我国岩溶生态系统研究提出了若干建议。 相似文献
10.
水库岩溶渗漏及防渗研究综述 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
岩溶地区水库渗漏是可溶岩地区兴建水利枢纽的主要工程地质问题之一,尤其是在可溶岩广布、岩溶发育强烈、地形复杂地区,岩溶渗漏成为了该类地区水利水电工程的一个普遍问题.库区的岩溶渗漏不仅影响建坝后的正常蓄水,还将危及坝体的安全与稳定.因此,有必要对库区渗漏,特别是岩溶地区的库区渗漏进行渗漏机理、渗漏特征、渗漏条件等进行详细分... 相似文献
11.
宜春—新余一带,可溶岩地层总厚度近2 000 m,受岩性、地质构造、地形地貌及新构造运动的影响,岩溶地质现象发育。岩溶形态类型丰富,主要有溶沟溶槽、石芽、溶蚀洼地、漏斗、落水洞、伏流暗河及隐伏岩溶。文章全面阐述了研究区岩溶的形态类型及其分布特征,分析和总结了岩溶的发育规律。这对区内的城镇规划建设、确保岩土工程和城镇供水安全等都具有重要意义。 相似文献
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Karst Hyporheic Zone及其研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Karst Hyporheic Zone(笔者将之译为“岩溶交互带”)是近三年来新出现的一个岩溶术语,我国尚未开展“岩溶交互带”的研究工作,它主要是指岩溶地下水与周边岩溶基质(含沉积物、基岩)水之间物质能量活跃交替的地带。本文从“岩溶交互带”的概念来源、含义、最新的研究进展和监测技术发展等方面进行了总结,并就现存的问题和未来研究提出了看法。 相似文献
14.
The Karst Feature Database (KFD) of Minnesota is a relational GIS-based Database Management System (DBMS). Previous karst feature datasets used inconsistent attributes to describe karst features in different areas of Minnesota. Existing metadata were modified and standardized to represent a comprehensive metadata for all the karst features in Minnesota. Microsoft Access 2000 and ArcView 3.2 were used to develop this working database. Existing county and sub-county karst feature datasets have been assembled into the KFD, which is capable of visualizing and analyzing the entire data set. By November 17 2002, 11,682 karst features were stored in the KFD of Minnesota. Data tables are stored in a Microsoft Access 2000 DBMS and linked to corresponding ArcView applications. The current KFD of Minnesota has been moved from a Windows NT server to a Windows 2000 Citrix server accessible to researchers and planners through networked interfaces. 相似文献
15.
贵州喀斯特地区生态经济系统协调发展评价 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
运用生态经济系统理论与系统协调度理论与方法,阐明了从生态系统供给能力与经济系统需要之间的关系去分析生态经济系统间协调发展的思想,提出了协调度计算方法,以及用协调度与协调发展类型相结合对区域生态经济系统协调发展程度进行分析评价的方法。研究表明,贵州省喀斯特地区存在经济落后、生态恶化、生态经济协调发展水平和层次较低等问题,为此需要进一步开展生态经济系统改良,提高生态经济发展水平,以实现生态建设- 经济发展- 人民富裕的预期目标。 相似文献
16.
圆梁山隧道桐麻岭背斜段岩溶与岩溶水特征研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在简述桐麻岭凝斜地质环境的基础上，较详细地论述了前斜区，特别是部岩溶发育分布特征以及岩溶发育深度，岩溶水的发育分布与补给，迳流，排泄特征。 相似文献
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The largest karst cave discovered in a tunnel during motorway construction in Slovenia’s Classical Karst (Kras) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Karst researchers of the Karst Research Institute ZRC SAZU are regularly consulted during the planning of Slovenia’s motorways
and invited to observe and monitor construction in the karst areas. More than 350 caves have been discovered in the course
of building 60 km of new motorways over the past decade. Access to the most important caves is preserved by concrete tubes
closed with metal covers at the roadside. The largest cave system in a tunnel, named LC-S647, is almost entirely preserved.
The protection of this cave will serve as a good example for the preservation of natural heritage in the future. Construction
work for the motorway uncovered a high degree of karstification. In particular, the discovery of this cave in the Kastelec
tunnel LC-S647 showed the existence of a major cave system in the geological and speleological past. A number of unconnected
passages have also been found. Caves discovered during highway construction have brought new knowledge about the cavernosity
and the geological history of this part of the karst. 相似文献
19.
The excellent topographic condition of the limestone canyons for dam construction may be rejected if they are karstified.
Karst features cause the reservoir not to be impermeable enough to permit the water to fill it and leakage occurs and often
increases with time. Moreover, karst features may involve the stability of the dam itself. A few operated dam sites at the
Zagros Zone encountered a leakage problem. Furthermore, more than 30 dams are presently under study for construction in the
Zagros Zone. Karst conditions and leakage potential were investigated at an under-study site (Khersan 3 Dam) for assessing
the general methodology for the study of leakage potentials. Conventional methods for studying karst features, geological
mapping, geomorphology and extensive borings were applied before the dam was constructed. These methods are not efficient
enough to precisely reveal the karst structure, especially hidden and paleokarst, nor the hydrological behaviour of the karst
structure in different settings of groundwater flow. Based on the present case study and previous applied approaches by other
authors, this paper introduces a methodology by means of karst structure and functioning approaches at local and regional
scales that cover the conventional methods and overcome their shortages. The proposed methodology should be applied before
construction of a dam and should include three steps (a) recognition of geological and hydrogeological settings, (b) delineation
and functioning of the karst system related to the future reservoir, and (c) assessment of the leakage potentials. Following
this methodology, the most probable leakage zone(s) and path(s) at the dam site can be highlighted. 相似文献
20.
北京西山岩溶洞系的形成及其与新构造运动的关系 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
形成中国北方岩溶的地层主要为奥陶系马家沟组石灰岩和中元古界蓟县系雾迷山组硅质条带白云岩。上新世石林与第四纪岩溶陡壁组合成的房山地貌主要形成于雾迷山组中,岩溶洞穴发育在马家沟组和雾迷山组中。大石河南岸从上游至下游依次分布鸡毛洞、银狐洞、石花洞、清风洞和孔水洞,由一条地下暗河连为一体,称为石花洞系。石花洞系发育在北岭向斜东北扬起端的马家沟组顶部,与南面的周口店猿人洞系隔着房山闪长岩体。石花洞系中8层不同海拔高度的溶洞可以和永定河的8级阶地进行对比,也可以和8个华北地文期对比,代表了与之相互对应的北京西山新构造隆升的期次。 相似文献