共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
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栅栏对颗粒起动风速影响的实验研究 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
气流对栅栏的响应可以定量地用沙粒的起动风速来表征。通过风洞模拟实验研究了栅栏两侧不同距离处沙粒的起动风速及运动特征随疏透度和高度的变化关系。根据颗粒运动的不同典型特征,栅栏附近的水平区域可划分为5个区。栅栏的疏透度是决定其最终防护效果的关键因素,紧密型栅栏,尤其是不透风栅栏,其迎风侧脚容易形成堆积。栅栏疏透度为0.3～0.4时相对起动风速最大,疏透度0.3～0.6时能产生最大的有效防护距离。栅栏越低,产生最佳的防护效果所要求的疏透度就相对越小,反之亦然。疏透度0.3～0.4的栅栏在实际应用中可以起到最佳的防风阻沙效果。 相似文献
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粘土沙障及麦草沙障合理间距的调查研究 总被引：20，自引：4，他引：16
确定机械沙障障间距的基本原理是障间风蚀沙量等于积沙量。障间凹曲面面积与障间距及沙面坡度之间存在着显著的回归关系,运用这种回归关系就可以建立障间风蚀沙量等于积沙量的等式方程。在民勤沙区取样分别建立粘土沙障和麦草沙障的风蚀沙量等于积沙量的等式方程,计算出沙面坡度0°~8°和0°~10°的粘土沙障和麦草沙障间距分别是253.1~185.9 cm和261.4~155.0 cm;粘土沙障高度应为适宜高度范围内的最小值;粘土沙障在障高为15 cm、沙面坡度>8°时障间没有风蚀。麦草沙障在坡度>10°时障间没有风蚀;15 cm高的粘土沙障和固沙有效高度13 cm的麦草沙障的最小间距分别是185.9 cm和155.0 cm;若需要在固定就地沙面的基础上接纳外来流沙或者需要风蚀部分就地沙粒时,可将接纳沙量或风蚀沙量的平均厚度作为参数之一计算障间距;按照风蚀沙量≤积沙量的障间距设置的沙障,其方格形式只适合在害风方向多变的地段设置。 相似文献
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HDPE蜂巢式固沙障研制与防沙效应实验研究 总被引：10，自引：8，他引：2
采用先进的HDPE新材料制成蜂巢式固沙障来替代传统的草方格。研究发现:HDPE蜂巢式固沙障可以增大下垫面的粗糙度,明显降低了地表底层风速,进而减弱输沙强度,使流沙表面得以稳定。在格状沙障内,由于气流的涡旋作用,使原始沙面充分蚀积,最后达到平衡状态,形成稳定的凹曲面。下凹的深度(h)与凹面玄长(S)的比值为13.6/100~13.2/100,这种下凹的深度(h)与凹面玄长(S)的比值与传统有效的草方格（草方格为13.3/100）防沙效应相当,其二者流场特性也相同。这种稳定的凹曲面,对不饱和风沙流具一种升力效应,形成沙物质的非堆积搬运条件,这是格状沙障作用的关键。实验表明,选用孔隙度为40％、高20 cm的HDPE固沙障防沙效果显著。 相似文献
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The western coast of Hainan Island exhibits a savanna landscape. Many types of sand dunes, including transverse dune ridges, longitudinal dune ridges, elliptical dunes, coppice dunes, and climbing dunes, are widely distributed in the coastal zone. In winter, high-frequency and high-energy NE winds (dominant winds) are prevalent, with a resultant drift direction (RDD) of S35.6°W. In spring, low-frequency and low-energy SW secondary winds prevail, with a RDD of N25.1°E. Wind tunnel simulations revealed that the airflow over the dune surface is the main factor controlling the erosion and deposition patterns of dune surfaces and the morphological development of dunes. In the region's bidirectional wind en-vironment, with two seasonally distinct energy levels, the airflow over the surface of elliptical dunes, barchan dunes, and transverse dune ridges will exhibit a transverse pattern, whereas the airflow over longitudinal dunes ridges exhibits a lateral pattern and that over climbing dunes exhibits a climbing-circumfluent pattern. These patterns represent different dynamic processes. The coastal dunes on the western coast of Hainan Island are influenced by factors such as onshore winds, sand sources, coastal slopes, rivers, and forest shelter belts. The source of the sand that supplements these dunes particularly influences the development pattern: when there is more sand, the pattern shows positive equilibrium deposition between dune ridges and dunes; otherwise, it shows negative equilibrium deposition. The presence or absence of forest shelter belts also influences deposition and dune development patterns and transformation of dune forms. Coastal dunes and inland desert dunes experience similar dynamic processes, but the former have more diversified shapes and more complex forma-tion mechanisms. 相似文献
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栅栏最佳疏透度的空气动力学评价 总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0
为研究栅栏防沙的动力学机制,运用风洞中PIV所测风速资料,从空气动力学角度对直立栅栏的最佳疏透度范围进行了讨论与评价。结果表明,不同研究者所得栅栏的最佳疏透度范围不尽相同,大致范围在0.2～0.6之间,结果非常分散。PIV资料评价的栅栏最佳疏透度在0.2～0.3之间,该疏透度范围的栅栏周围气流湍流度较低,对风能的耗散较大,能有效抑制过境风沙流,理论上属于防沙的最佳疏透度,但实践操作中为了降低成本,阻沙栅栏的实际疏透度可适度增大,放宽到0.3~0.4左右。栅栏绕流的复杂性,使得众多研究都运用了过多的简化与假设,而且研究者们对于栅栏防护过程的不同理解以及所强调的保护侧重点不同导致评判的标准也各不相同,最终得到的最佳疏透度范围也有所差异。 相似文献
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半隐蔽式草方格沙障凹曲面形成的流场解析及沉积表征 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
利用野外风沙观测、沉积物粒度分析和等比例实体草方格风洞流场模拟,解析了草方格沙障内部凹曲面形成的风沙流场过程。草方格分别作为疏透沙障和地表粗糙元对贴地层和近地层风沙流具有不同的影响：床面蚀、积分布和方格中心凹曲面的形成发展,以及沉积物粒度变化,取决于草带之间的贴地层流场分布格局以及草带对风沙流中固体物质的截留;近地层风力普遍受到草方格粗糙元的削弱,促进了沙面稳定。高风速下输沙率垂向分布的“象鼻”结构,体现了草方格对促使风沙流结构变异、形成和维持草方格凹曲面的重要性。沙丘不同部位草方格沉积物粒度分布模式不同,显示沙丘部位也是影响草方格内部流场的一个因素,以迎风坡中部最有利于方格内凹曲面的形成。 相似文献
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海南岛西海岸沙丘形成动力过程的风洞模拟试验 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The western coast of Hainan Island exhibits a savanna landscape. Many types of sand dunes, including transverse dune ridges, longitudinal dune ridges, elliptical dunes, coppice dunes, and climbing dunes, are widely distributed in the coastal zone. In winter, high-frequency and high-energy NE winds (dominant winds) are prevalent, with a resultant drift direction (RDD) of S35.6°W. In spring, low-frequency and low-energy SW secondary winds prevail, with a RDD of N25.1°E. Wind tunnel simulations revealed that the airflow over the dune surface is the main factor controlling the erosion and deposition patterns of dune surfaces and the morphological development of dunes. In the region’s bidirectional wind en- vironment, with two seasonally distinct energy levels, the airflow over the surface of elliptical dunes, barchan dunes, and transverse dune ridges will exhibit a transverse pattern, whereas the airflow over longitudinal dunes ridges exhibits a lateral pattern and that over climbing dunes exhibits a climbing-circumfluent pattern. These patterns represent different dynamic processes. The coastal dunes on the western coast of Hainan Island are influenced by factors such as onshore winds, sand sources, coastal slopes, rivers, and forest shelter belts. The source of the sand that supplements these dunes particularly influences the development pattern: when there is more sand, the pattern shows positive equilibrium deposition between dune ridges and dunes; otherwise, it shows negative equilibrium deposition. The presence or absence of forest shelter belts also influences deposition and dune development patterns and transformation of dune forms. Coastal dunes and inland desert dunes experience similar dynamic processes, but the former have more diversified shapes and more complex formation mechanisms. 相似文献
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直压立式纱网沙障对近地表输沙量及风速的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
评价直压立式纱网沙障对流动沙地的固沙效果是其应用的前提。采用阶梯式集沙仪和HOBO风速仪野外测定了纱网沙障的输沙量及风速变化。结果表明:与对照相比,设置纱网沙障后,0~10 cm或0~20 cm高度范围内,带宽2、3、4、5 m带状沙障输沙量分别降低91.4%或89.7%、97.0%或96.4%、98.1%或96.7%、85.9%或84.2%;而2 m×2 m、3 m×3 m、 4 m×4 m、5 m×5 m网格沙障输沙量分别降低92.1%或91.2%、70.4%或65.6%、65.3%或65.2%、39.9%或30.0%。与对照相比,10、30、50 cm高度,带宽2、3、4 m带状沙障平均降低风速分别为26.7%、17.3%、11.8%,2 m×2 m、3 m×3 m、4 m×4 m、5 m×5 m网格沙障平均降低风速分别为55.3%、30.4%、23.0%。综合考虑,设置带宽3~4 m带状或网格纱网沙障能够满足工程固沙减少风沙危害的需求。 相似文献
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HDPE功能性固沙障防风效应试验 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
根据仿生学原理,按照普遍使用并取得显著防护效益的草方格上疏下密式孔隙结构,采用抗紫外线性能强、耐极端气温和抗老化性强的HDPE材料制作出相似孔隙结构的功能性固沙障。通过风洞模拟试验,对比分析HDPE均一型与功能性固沙障的防风效应。结果表明：（1）均一型和功能性固沙障的有效防护距离随着风速的增大呈现指数衰减。（2）在低风速（<14 m·s-1）条件下,均一型固沙障的总有效防护距离比功能性固沙障大;而在高风速（>14 m·s-1）条件下,均一型固沙障的总有效防护距离比功能性固沙障小。无论风速大小,功能性固沙障网间的有效防护距离都远大于均一型。（3）均一型和功能性防沙网均可用于替代传统的防沙材料,具有极大的应用价值和推广前景。功能性防沙网适宜作较矮的半隐蔽式格状沙障,而均一型防沙网更适宜作高立式阻沙沙障。 相似文献
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Secondary flow plays an important role in the development of dunes. To investigate this phenomenon, we simulated models of transverse dunes with different stoss slopes in a wind tunnel. We measured the threshold wind velocity at different locations in the lee of the dunes, and observed the corresponding particle movement characteristics under threshold conditions to assess the sedi-mentological significance of secondary airflow. Threshold wind velocity changed with both horizontal distance and stoss slope. Its variation with horizontal distance is characterized by a region in which a rapid reduction occurs, a region with a minimum value, and a region with high value. We confirmed the presence of reversal cells, irrespective of the stoss slope. Neither the variation in threshold wind velocity nor the variation in reattachment distance as a function of stoss slope followed a monotonic function. The 15° stoss slope had the greatest threshold wind velocity and reattachment distance. 相似文献
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利用陕西省某一风电场区域内的观测资料，分析了该风电场的风速规律，并引入最优训练 期方案，研究利用线性回归方法建立风电功率预报模型的可行性。结果表明：该风电场区域，不同 高度的风速及其高度间的风速差异均表现出最大值出现在夜间，最小值出现在白天，从低层到高 层的风速日变化趋势一致的特征。一日中，风速与风电功率在 09:00 ~ 17:00 时段的相关系数明显
小于其它时段。按照风速是否大于 5 m·s-1 将训练期观测样本分为 2 组，可以明显改善风速与风电 功率的回归关系。以风机轮毂高度处的风速作为预报因子，并引入风电功率与风速之间相关系数 的日变化规律、以及不同风速量级下风速与风电功率之间回归关系的差异性，采用最优训练期方 案和一元线性回归方法建立的风电功率预报方程，具有预报误差小和最优训练期短的特点，满足 实际业务需求。 相似文献
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库布齐沙漠HDPE网和植物纤维网沙障防沙试验效应 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
在库布齐沙漠流动沙丘区建立HDPE网和植物纤维网工程沙障试验区,采用MetOne 014A/024A型8通道风速仪、8方位集沙仪、风蚀插钎,观测试验沙障影响下的风速、输沙量和地表侵蚀堆积,对比分析不同规格HDPE网、植物纤维网方格沙障和HDPE网前沿高立式阻沙沙障的防风固沙效应。结果表明：（1）一定孔隙度（50%）的方格沙障中心风速垂直变化幅度与变化规律,仅与沙障平面规格和高度（h）密切相关,与试验材料基本无关。相同平面规格的方格沙障,高度（h）大者降风效应显著;相同高度的方格沙障,小规格降风效应较为显著;（2）试验沙障及其防沙体系对风沙流输沙产生明显影响,相近地貌部位,5.0m×5.0m（h=100cm）植物纤维网方格中心输沙量远小于1.0m×1.0m（h=20cm）HDPE网方格和流动沙丘区,大规格高立式沙障固沙效应优于小规格低立式沙障;（3）试验沙障的地表侵蚀堆积状态仅与沙障规格有关,沙障材料的影响不明显。 相似文献
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Variations of horizontal and vertical velocities over two-dimensional transverse dunes: A wind tunnel simulation of the effect of windward slope 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The changes in wind velocity induced by dune topography have an important significance in dune dynamics. In this paper, the horizontal and vertical velocities over six transverse dune models were measured non-intrusively by means of Particle Image Velocimetry in a wind tunnel. The windward slope angle and the free-stream wind velocity both affected the horizontal and vertical velocity components. On the windward side, the acceleration of horizontal velocity depended mainly on the windward slope angle and the height above the dune surface, but was also affected by the free-stream wind velocity. The speed-up ratio increased with increasing slope angle but decreased with increasing height. The ascending vertical velocities also increased with increasing slope angle and free-stream wind velocity. The maximum values moved upper along the dune when the windward angle became steeper. In the leeward sides, the horizontal velocity decreased and reversed because of airflow separation; the maximum reverse velocity in the separation cell was about 17% of the free-stream wind velocity. Behind the dune crest, the airflow moves downwards, and its maximum downward velocity is found near the flow reattachment point. Finally, we discussed the significance of these velocity variations for sediment transport and dune dynamics. 相似文献
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塔克拉玛干沙漠公路风沙危害与防治 总被引：23，自引：0，他引：23
塔克拉玛干沙漠公路447 km路段穿越新月形沙丘与沙丘链、复合横向沙垄以及高大复合纵向沙垄区,风沙危害极为严重,被誉为“世界公路建筑的奇迹”。为解决沙漠公路风沙防护体系构建的一系列科学与技术问题,沙漠学界随之开展了风沙运动规律,风沙危害的成因、强度、时空分异及其机械、化学、生物防治的理论与应用研究。本文对风沙危害及其防治研究的主要内容及研究进展进行了全面总结,认为塔克拉玛干沙漠公路风沙危害与防治的理论研究成果与实践应用水平取得突破性进展。 相似文献
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栅栏防护体系的空气动力学效应研究是揭示其防护机理的重要基础,也是风沙工程学和风沙物理学应用研究的主要组成部分。根据已有的研究成果,全面综述了近半个多世纪以来有关栅栏防护体系空气动力学机制方面的研究进展,对各个时期的主要成果作以介绍,并对几种代表性防护栅栏最佳疏透度的确定方法及范围分别加以对比分析。分析认为,对栅栏空气动力学效应已取得了相对较深的认识,并且积累了大量的研究经验,对于认识栅栏防护机理具有重要的指导和启发作用。但影响栅栏防护效益的因素是复杂的,众多研究都运用了过多的简化与假设,而且研究者们对于栅栏防护效应的理解不同以及所强调的保护侧重点不同导致评判的标准也各不相同,最终得到的最佳疏透度也有所差异,不能直接运用于实践中。鉴于此,在将来的研究中运用现代测量技术获取可靠的数据资料仍然很重要。 相似文献
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Wind tunnel evaluation of a wedge-shaped aeolian sediment trap 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
A detailed set of tests in a wind tunnel investigated the characteristics of flow and sampling efficiency of a low cost sediment trap that can be used in wind tunnels and field applications. The trap is constructed of thin sheet aluminum and has a wedge shape (32° internal inlet angle with a 20 × 500 mm rectangular inlet orifice that extends 40 mm beyond the wedge form. Relatively unimpeded airflow through the trap is achieved by the large exit area (130 × 500 mm) which is covered with fine, stainless steel mesh (62.5 μm openings, 60% porosity), and collected all but the finer (silt) sediment sizes. Despite its angular shape, the trap has good characteristics of flow and a very high sampling efficiency (> 90%) over a wide range of wind velocities because of its near isokinetic characteristics of flow. Results also indicate that this trap, and others that have wide side profiles, are very sensitive to incident wind angle. Incident angles > 5° significantly reduce the sampling efficiency and promote scour around the trap inlet. 相似文献