共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 250 毫秒
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亚洲夏季风环流结构与热带印度洋偶极型海温异常 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
使用T42L28大气环流模式就夏季风时期大气对印度洋海温偶极子型异常的响应进行了数值试验研究,结果表明,印度洋偶极子型海温异常可以引起感热和潜热加热异常并进而形成异常辐合辐散,导致热带印度洋及其邻近地区夏季降水异常。同时此热带扰动可激发或造成中纬度异常波列。通过改变季风区温度场分布,偶极子型海温强迫可以影响大气的正／斜压环流结构和斜压性强弱。强的纬向风垂直切变趋向于靠近海洋异常偏暖的地区。不论是正偶极子型强迫或负偶极子型强迫,西太平洋暖池和东亚地区的大气环流均出现异常并激发出中纬度的异常波列,但异常类型并未显著反相。 相似文献
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利用1979—2017年夏季逐日气象数据,使用经验正交函数（Empirical Orthogonal Function,EOF）分解和超前滞后回归方法分析了我国东部地区夏季降水季节内振荡（Intra-seasonal Oscillation,ISO）的时空特征及其与低纬和北太平洋中高纬度低频大气环流的联系。结果表明：EOF分解的第一模态表现为我国东南部地区ISO降水显著偏多,而我国北方地区偏少的空间型,相应的低频向外长波辐射（Outgoing Long wave Radiation,OLR）场表现为我国东南部地区低频对流异常活跃,而北方地区异常不活跃的南北偶极子型分布。位于南海至副热带西太平洋上空的低频对流异常活跃区与低频上升气流和低频水汽辐合带协同北传和西北传,在我国东南部地区ISO降水异常偏多位相峰值之前一周抵达华南上空,我国东部地区ISO降水开始呈现出南北偶极子空间型;与此同时,200 hPa低频经向风在北太平洋中高纬度表现为一个纬向低频波列形式,并向西传播,当低频波列中的低频南风异常西传到东亚—日本岛上空时,与低纬北传的高层异常北风形成经向对比,造成我国东南部地区上空出现强的低频散度异常。以上低纬度低频信号西北传与北太平洋中高纬度低频波列西传的协同作用,使得异常活跃的对流活动、水汽异常辐合区、异常上升运动和高层异常辐散区均锚定在我国东南部上空,形成该地区ISO降水异常偏多位相。 相似文献
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江淮地区夏季降水与西北太平洋海温关系的诊断分析和数值试验 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
运用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料、英国气象局的海温资料和国家气候中心整编的160站月降水量资料,对江淮夏季降水及其前期冬季环流和海温场进行分析,并利用NCAR CCM3模式进行海温的敏感性试验。结果表明：前期环流在亚洲中高纬地区有明显的异常,这种环流异常与北太平洋西北部的海温异常有关,西北太平洋海温异常偏高（低）是江淮夏季降水偏多（少）的重要原因之一,即当前期西北太平洋海温异常偏高时,后期夏季从乌拉尔山到鄂霍次克海附近为高度正距平,亚洲中纬度为弱的负距平,这时亚洲中高纬度多阻塞高压活动,中纬度多低槽活动,有利于冷暖空气在江淮地区交汇,江淮流域降水偏多;反之,江淮流域降水偏少。 相似文献
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利用53年的NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和英国气象局Hadley气候预测和研究中心的海表面温度资料,使用SVD方法研究了东亚-北太平洋地区表层海温(SST)异常与大气环流异常间的主要耦合模态.分析结果表明,中纬度北太平洋地区存在两种主要的海-气耦合模态,第一模态是海温异常分布的纬向型,第二模态主要表现为经向海温差异分布.两种空间耦合模态共同反映出中纬度北太平洋地区大气和海洋的异常中心有很强的局地耦合性.在第一模态的正(负)异常年,东亚-北太平洋地区主要为负(正)的降水异常,在第二模态的正(负)异常年,东亚和北太平洋的大部分地区出现降水正(负)异常,北美西岸及以西的部分区域出现降水的负(正)异常.两个模态所对应的降水差异显示,海气耦合模态的循环变化有利于形成我国降水分布南北差异的改变. 相似文献
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利用地面气温观测资料及NCEP/NCAR逐月再分析资料,分析了中纬度北太平洋东部海温异常变化对中国北方地区冬季气温的可能影响。结果表明,前期夏、秋季中纬度北太平洋东部海温与北方地区冬季气温存在持续稳定的正相关关系,并且这种相关性在年代际尺度上较年际尺度更为显著。这种联系与中纬度北太平洋东部关键区海温在对流层中低层激发出的一种类似北美—大西洋—欧亚遥相关型波列有关。当前期关键区海温偏高（低）时,其激发的波列使得乌拉尔山阻塞高压偏弱（强）,西伯利亚高压偏弱（强）,导致贝加尔湖以南大部地区受正（负）高度距平控制,亚洲地区中高纬以纬（经）向环流为主,有利于北方大部地区气温偏高（低）。研究表明,中纬度北太平洋东部海温异常通过激发出一个从关键海区到我国北方地区的跨越东西半球的遥相关型波列,引发北半球中高纬度大气环流异常,进而影响北方冬季气温。 相似文献
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【目的】本文探讨中国西南地区汛期（5~9月）降水次季节变化的主模态,以及中高纬和热带次季节波动如何影响该地区持续性异常低频降水,以期能为了解和预测西南地区汛期降水的次季节变化提供参考。【方法】利用西南地区111个地面气象站1961~2015年逐日降水资料和JRA-55再分析环流场资料,采用EOF经验证交分解方法,分析西南地区汛期降水次季节变化主模态的低频环流特征和传播路径。【结果】西南地区汛期逐日降水主模态的空间分布为南北纬向型分布,空间特征向量高值区域分布在西南地区的南部和东南部,其高值区对应的SWDR与PC1的相关系数达0.991（通过0.05信度检验）,PC1气候平均值的显著周期为12.9 d,且逐年PC1的显著周期主要集中在10~20 d时段,占比为60.0%;在PC1的典型低频年中,汛期季节内及其各分月的PC1均能较好地表征对应降水异常分布型的时间演变特征,且二者低频分量的正相关性更高（通过0.05信度检验）,即PC1低频分量均能更好地把握SWDPI低频分量的准双周振荡特征,尤其在6、7和8月,这可能与影响主模态降水异常分布型的同期大气低频环流信号更为稳定有关;PC1的季节内变化不仅与中国东南部和南海形成的对流异常偶极子有关,还与在西南地区对流层高层形成的位势高度异常偶极子息息相关,该对流异常偶极子的形成与前期菲律宾以东OLR正异常的西北向传播和巴尔喀什湖东南部OLR负异常的东南向传播有关,并且菲律宾以东被抑制的对流向西北方向传播总是伴随着低层的局部反气旋,而西南地区的西南部对流的增强（抑制）总是伴随着高层北部的负（正）位势高度异常,同时,西南地区对流层高层的位势高度异常偶极子的形成,与中高纬对流层高层类似Rossby低频波列东南向传播过程中在青藏高原东侧顺时针转向有关。【讨论】从气候背景看,影响PC1季节内变化的低频波列传播主要与两个方面的因子有关,一方面为对流层高层西风急流轴主体位置的南压和强度的增强,通过影响中高纬类似Rossby低频波列的东传南下,从而影响在西南地区对流层高层形成位势高度异常偶极子型分布,另一方面为印度季风槽的北抬加强了南海至菲律宾海域异常反气旋西北侧的西南气流,促使了西南地区低层异常气旋的形成,同时东亚季风槽的增强也利于热带西太平洋低频对流发展并向西北传播,从而影响在中国东南部和南海的形成的对流异常偶极子型分布。 相似文献
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利用松花江流域（Songhua River Basin, SRB）103站降水资料、 NCEP/NCAR再分析资料以及NOAA海温等资料,运用多种统计方法,分析了1979-2019年松花江流域冬季降雪的年际变化特征及其与西北太平洋地区海温异常的联系。研究表明,松花江流域冬季降雪主要受到其年际变率的调控,且年际降雪异常EOF分解的第一模态表现为流域一致型变化（方差贡献率为55.3%）。当松花江流域冬季年际降雪偏多（偏少）时,鄂霍次克海到阿留申地区出现位势高度正异常（负异常）,其南部中低纬地区位势高度为负异常（正异常）。进一步分析表明,冬季西北太平洋地区偶极子型海温异常对同期松花江流域年际降雪有重要影响。当西北太平洋海温偶极子为正位相时（日本海地区海温正异常,菲律宾群岛以东地区海温负异常）,引起西北太平洋中高纬地区对流层中层出现位势高度正异常,低层为异常反气旋式环流,中低纬地区对流层中层出现位势高度负异常,低层为异常气旋式环流。在此环流背景下,北太平洋到松花江流域被异常东南风控制,有利于阿留申以南海域以及我国东部近海地区的水汽输送至松花江流域并辐合上升,导致该流域冬季年际降雪增加;反之亦然... 相似文献
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北太平洋海平面气压场变化与海温的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用SVD（singular value decomposition）方法分析了1948年1月—2002年12月北太平洋海平面气压场与海温的关系。结果表明,SVD第1对异类相关分布型反映出,当东北太平洋副热带高压加强（减弱）时,Namias海区海温升高（降低）,而加利福尼亚海流区海温降低（升高）。SVD第2对异类相关分布型表明,当阿留申低压加深、北太平洋副热带地区气压升高时,黑潮暖流区海温升高,而北太平洋高、低纬海温降低;反之亦然。时滞相关表明,北太平洋大气环流异常超前海温1个月的相关最好,海温变化对大气环流异常分布型具有维持作用。NCAR CCSM3模拟结果很好地验证了上述结论,即在海气相互作用过程中,东北太平洋副热带高压和NPO（North Pacific Oscillation）与北太平洋海温存在密切联系。 相似文献
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Chaoxia Yuan Wei Zhang Yahan Zhong Xinyu Lu Jingchan Liu Md Wahiduzzaman 《大气和海洋科学快报》2022,15(1):76-80
干旱持续时间长,因此往往和缓慢变化的海温异常相关.本文利用观测降水和NCEP-DOE再分析资料,探讨了北大西洋中高纬地区东北-西南走向的偶极子海温异常对我国西南地区秋季干旱的影响.结果 显示该偶极子海温异常可激发向东南方向传播的Rossby波,在印度北部和青藏高原西部引起正压气旋性环流和上升运动异常,并在我国西南地区引... 相似文献
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H. Nakamura 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》1996,55(1-4):19-32
Summary Interannual variability in the activity of fluctuations with subseasonal time scales is investigated based upon observed data of the extratropical Northern Hemisphere circulation over the recent 38 winters. Their activity is represented in the root mean square (RMS) field of filtered geopotential height in which the fluctuations with time scales between 10 days and a season are retained. The singular value decomposition (SVD) was applied to the covariance matrix between the seasonal mean and RMS fields for the 500-hPa height.The leading SVD mode for the north Pacific represents the strong relationship between the polarity of the Pacific/North American (PNA) pattern in the seasonal-mean anomalies and the amplitude of a meridionally-oriented dipole-like oscillation within the season. It tends to be more active when the seasonal-mean jet stream is strongly diffluent over the central Pacific than when the jet is extended zonally across the Pacific. The leading SVD mode for the north Atlantic is indicative of stronger intraseasonal fluctuations near Greenland in the presence of anticyclonic seasonal-mean anomalies associated with the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO).The intraseasonal variability in the extratropics is strongly correlated with the underlying sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies, and that in the north Pacific also exhibits significant but rather weak correlation with SST anomalies in the equatorial Pacific. The activity of the atmospheric intraseasonal fluctuations is found to be modulated in accordance with interdecadal variability in the seasonal-mean circulation and SST.On leave from Department of Earth & Planetary Physics, University of Tokyo.With 12 Figures 相似文献
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利用1980~2014年CRU TS3.24月平均气温数据和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,分析了中国东北暖季（5~9月）气温的时空变化特征及其相应的大气环流状况。结果表明:中国东北暖季气温主要表现为全区一致型和南北反位相型两个模态,二者总解释方差高达86%。全区一致型具有明显的年代际变化特征,并在1990年代中期发生了显著的年代际突变,而南北反位相型具有明显的年际和年代际变化特征。全区一致型增暖对应着中国东北地区上空500 hPa位势高度的正异常和850 hPa的反气旋环流异常。当500 hPa位势高度南北反相时,对应于中国东北暖季气温的南北反位相型。进一步分析表明中国东北暖季气温的全区一致型及其1990年代中期的年代际突变与日本海及黑潮延伸区的海温异常及太平洋年代际振荡和大西洋多年代际振荡指数紧密相关。菲律宾以东的西太平洋、北太平洋中部、我国东南沿海、靠近北美东北部的北大西洋等海域的海温异常对中国东北暖季气温全区一致型的出现具有一定的预测作用。而南北反位相变化型与黑潮延伸区的海温异常关系显著,与大尺度指数的相关普遍不明显。在1990年代中期突变前,南北反位相型受到ENSO事件的影响,之后影响不显著。 相似文献
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利用再分析数据,以在北半球冬季与北大西洋涛动(North Atlantic Oscillation,NAO)相关的向下游传播的准定常波列在欧洲地区是否发生反射为标准,将1957/1958年至2001/2002年这45个冬季分为高纬型和低纬型两类冬季,分别简称为在H型和L型冬季。在H(L)型冬季,和NAO相联系的向下游传播的Rossby波列主要沿高纬度(低纬度)路径传播。对比了在两种类型冬季NAO与同期大气环流、近地面温度(Surface Air Temperature,SAT)、海表面温度(Sea Surface Tempertaure,SST)和降水的关系。结果表明:大气环流方面,在H型冬季,300 hPa位势高度异常在西-西伯利亚和中-西伯利亚西部与NAO呈现正相关,而在L型冬季300 hPa位势高度异常在亚洲东海岸(约40°N)和北太平洋呈现正相关,在H型冬季与NAO相关的经向风异常在中纬度形成波列,而在L型冬季与NAO相关的经向风异常在副热带形成波列;SAT方面,在H型冬季SAT异常在欧亚大陆腹地高纬度地区与NAO呈现正相关,而在L型冬季与NAO相关的SAT异常在欧亚大陆腹地的高纬度地区相对较弱,但NAO造成的SAT异常可以扩展到亚洲东北部;降水方面,H型冬季与L型冬季主要区别在中国南方,在H型冬季降水异常与NAO的关系相对较弱,而在L型冬季降水异常与NAO呈现正相关关系;SST方面,同期SST异常在北大西洋中纬度海域与NAO呈现正相关,而在L型冬季与NAO相关的SST异常在北大西洋中纬度地区相对较弱,在北大西洋北部和南部较强。总体而言,在H型和L型冬季,NAO具有不同下游影响。 相似文献
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East Asian (EA) summer monsoon shows considerable differences in the mean state and principal modes of interannual variation between early summer (May–June, MJ) and late summer (July–August, JA). The present study focuses on the early summer (MJ) precipitation variability. We find that the interannual variation of the MJ precipitation and the processes controlling the variation have been changed abruptly around the mid-1990s. The rainfall anomaly represented by the leading empirical orthogonal function has changed from a dipole-like pattern in pre-95 epoch (1979–1994) to a tripole-like pattern in post-95 epoch (1995–2010); the prevailing period of the corresponding principal component has also changed from 3–5 to 2–3 years. These changes are concurrent with the changes of the corresponding El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) evolutions. During the pre-95 epoch, the MJ EA rainfall anomaly is coupled to a slow decay of canonical ENSO events signified by an eastern Pacific warming, which induces a dipole rainfall feature over EA. On the other hand, during the post-95 epoch the anomalous MJ EA rainfall is significantly linked to a rapid decay of a central Pacific warming and a distinct tripolar sea surface temperature (SST) in North Atlantic. The central Pacific warming-induced Philippine Sea anticyclone induces an increased rainfall in southern China and decreased rainfall in central eastern China. The North Atlantic Oscillation-related tripolar North Atlantic SST anomaly induces a wave train that is responsible for the increase northern EA rainfall. Those two impacts form the tripole-like rainfall pattern over EA. Understanding such changes is important for improving seasonal to decadal predictions and long-term climate change in EA. 相似文献
15.
南极海冰首要模态呈现偶极子型异常,正负异常中心分别位于别林斯高晋海/阿蒙森海和威德尔海。过去研究表明冬春季节南极海冰涛动异常对后期南极涛动（Antarctic Oscillation,AAO）型大气环流有显著影响,而AAO可以通过经向遥相关等机制影响北半球大气环流和东亚气候。本文中我们利用观测分析发现南极海冰涛动从5～7月（May–July,MJJ）到8～10月（August–October, ASO）有很好的持续性,并进一步分析其对北半球夏季大气环流的可能影响及其物理过程。结果表明,MJJ南极海冰涛动首先通过冰气相互作用在南半球激发持续性的AAO型大气环流异常,使得南半球中纬度和极地及热带之间的气压梯度加大,在MJJ至JAS,纬向平均纬向风呈现显著的正负相间的从南极到北极的经向遥相关型分布。对流层中层位势高度场上,在澳大利亚北部到海洋性大陆区域,出现显著的负异常,在东亚沿岸从低纬到高纬呈现南北走向的“? + ?”太平洋—日本（Pacific–Japan,PJ）遥相关波列,其对应赤道中部太平洋及赤道印度洋存在显著的降水和海温负异常,西北太平洋至我国东部沿海地区存在显著降水正异常和温度负异常;低纬度北美洲到大西洋一带存在的负位势高度异常和北大西洋附近存在的正位势高度异常中心,构成一个类似于西大西洋型遥相关（Western Atlantic,WA）的结构,对应赤道南大西洋降水增加和南撒哈拉地区降水减少。从物理过程来看,南极海冰涛动首先通过局地效应影响Ferrel环流,进而通过经圈环流调整使得海洋性大陆区域和热带大西洋上方的Hadley环流上升支得到增强,海洋性大陆区域特别是菲律宾附近的热带对流活动偏强,激发类似于负位相的PJ波列,影响东亚北太平洋地区的大气环流,而热带大西洋对流增强和北传特征,则通过激发WA遥相关影响大西洋和欧洲地区的大气环流。以上两种通道将持续性MJJ至ASO南极海冰涛动强迫的大气环流信号从南半球中高纬度经热带地区传递到北半球中高纬地区,从而对热带和北半球夏季大气环流产生显著影响。 相似文献
16.
Lin-Lin Pan 《Climate Dynamics》2007,29(6):647-659
This paper explores the role of synoptic eddy feedback in the air-sea interaction in the North Atlantic region, particularly
the interaction between the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and the North Atlantic sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA)
tripole. A linearized five-layer primitive equation atmospheric model with synoptic eddy and low-frequency flow (SELF) interaction
is coupled with a linearized oceanic mixed-layer model to investigate this issue. In this model, the “climatological” storm
track/activity (or synoptic eddy activity) is characterized in terms of spatial structures, variances, decay time scales and
propagation speeds through the complex empirical orthogonal function (CEOF) analysis on the observed data, which provides
a unique tool to investigate the role of synoptic eddy feedback in the North Atlantic air–sea coupling. Model experiments
show that the NAO-like atmospheric circulation anomalies can produce tripole-like SSTA in the North Atlantic Ocean, and the
tripole-like SSTA can excite a NAO-like dipole with an equivalent barotropic structure in the atmospheric circulation, which
suggests a positive feedback between the NAO and the SSTA tripole. This positive feedback makes the NAO/SSTA tripole-like
mode be the leading mode of the coupled dynamical system. The synoptic eddy feedback plays an essential role in the origin
of the NAO/SSTA tripole-like leading mode and the equivalent barotropic structure in the atmosphere. Without synoptic eddy
feedback, the atmosphere has a baroclinic structure in the response field to the tripole-like SSTA forcing, and the leading
mode of the dynamic system does not resemble NAO/SSTA tripole pattern. 相似文献
17.
Viacheslav V. Kharin 《Climate Dynamics》1995,11(6):359-375
Several 19-year integrations of the Hamburg version of the ECMWF/T21 general circulation model driven by the monthly mean sea surface temperature (SST) observed in 1970–1988 were examined to study extratropical response of the atmospheric circulation to SST anomalies in the Northern Hemisphere in winter. In the first 19-years run SST anomalies were prescribed globally (GAGO run), and in two others SST monthly variability was limited to extratropical regions (MOGA run) and to tropics (TOGA run), respectively. A canonical correlation analysis (CCA), which select from two time-dependent fields optimally correlated pairs of patterns, was applied to monthly anomalies of SST in the North Alantic and Pacific Oceans and monthly anomalies of sea level pressure and 500 hPa geopotential height in the Northern Hemisphere. In the GAGO run the best correlated atmospheric pattern is global and is characterized by north-south dipole structures of the same polarity in the North Atlantic and the North Pacific sectors. In the MOGA and TOGA experiments the atmospehric response is more local than in the GAGO run with main centers in the North Atlantic and North Pacific, respectively. The extratropical response in the GAGO run is not equal to the sum of the responses in the MOGA and TOGA runs. The artificial meridional SST gradients at 25°–30°N probably influence the results of the MOGA and TOGA runs. The atmopsheric modes found by the CCA were compared with the normal modes of the barotropic vorticity equation linearized about the 500 hPa. winter climate. The normal modes with smallest eigenvalues are similar to the model leading variability modes and canonical patterns of 500 hPa geopotential height. The corresponding eigenvectors of the adjoint operator, which represent an external forcing optimal for exciting normal modes, have a longitudinal structure with maxima in regions characterized by enhanced high frequency baroclinic activity over both oceans. 相似文献
18.
The region of south China is sometimes subject to major climatic catastrophes in winter. To have
a clear understanding, the time in which extremely severe cold months occur in the south China wintertime over
the past 45 years are determined and characteristics of the 500-hPa geopotential fields and SST fields are studied
for the simultaneous and preceding 6-month periods. Similarity exists in the 500-hPa geopotential fields
between each current severely cold month, with the geopotential pattern of being high in the north, but low in
the south, of Asian-Pacific region and meridional circulation developing. The work presents anomalies of the
months with significant differences in the 500-hPa geopotential field of the previous periods. The SSTA is continuous in the distribution from each extremely severe cold winter month back to the 6 months leading up to it
for the region of south China while the SST pattern is of El Ni?o in January and the preceding 1 ~ 6 months for
equatorial eastern Pacific but of La Ni?a in February and December. It is concluded that the prediction of severely
cold winter months are possible with the use of the geopotential field at 500 hPa and the SST fields for
the months ahead of the target time. 相似文献
19.
Chunzai Wang 《Climate Dynamics》2007,29(4):411-422
A maximum of easterly zonal wind at 925 hPa in the Caribbean region is called the Caribbean Low-Level Jet (CLLJ). Observations
show that the easterly CLLJ varies semi-annually, with two maxima in the summer and winter and two minima in the fall and
spring. Associated with the summertime strong CLLJ are a maximum of sea level pressure (SLP), a relative minimum of rainfall
(the mid-summer drought), and a minimum of tropical cyclogenesis in July in the Caribbean Sea. It is found that both the meridional
gradients of sea surface temperature (SST) and SLP show a semi-annual feature, consistent with the semi-annual variation of
the CLLJ. The CLLJ anomalies vary with the Caribbean SLP anomalies that are connected to the variation of the North Atlantic
Subtropical High (NASH). In association with the cold (warm) Caribbean SST anomalies, the atmosphere shows the high (low)
SLP anomalies near the Caribbean region that are consistent with the anomalously strong (weak) easterly CLLJ. The CLLJ is
also remotely related to the SST anomalies in the Pacific and Atlantic, reflecting that these SST variations affect the NASH.
During the winter, warm (cold) SST anomalies in the tropical Pacific correspond to a weak (strong) easterly CLLJ. However,
this relationship is reversed during the summer. This is because the effects of ENSO on the NASH are opposite during the winter
and summer. The CLLJ varies in phase with the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) since a strong (weak) NASH is associated with
a strengthening (weakening) of both the CLLJ and the NAO. The CLLJ is positively correlated with the 925-hPa meridional wind
anomalies from the ocean to the United States via the Gulf of Mexico. Thus, the CLLJ and the meridional wind carry moisture
from the ocean to the central United States, usually resulting in an opposite (or dipole) rainfall pattern in the tropical
North Atlantic Ocean and Atlantic warm pool versus the central United States. 相似文献