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陆-陆碰撞造山带双前陆盆地模式——来自大别山、喜马拉雅和乌拉尔造山带的证据 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
大陆碰撞造山带不同的构造演化阶段往往形成不同成因类型的周缘前陆盆地 (系统 )。根据对几个典型大陆造山带的研究 ,我们把大陆碰撞造山带的构造演化过程分为陆 -陆拼接和大规模陆内逆冲推覆 (陆内俯冲 )两个阶段 ;早期陆 -陆拼接阶段直接在俯冲板块被动大陆边缘基础上形成的前陆盆地称为“原前陆盆地” ,后期大规模陆内逆冲 -推覆 (或陆内俯冲 )阶段在俯冲板块内部形成的前陆盆地称为“远前陆盆地”(它比原前陆盆地距主缝合带远 )。原前陆盆地和远前陆盆地是同一大陆碰撞造山带不同构造演化阶段的产物 ,是两种不同成因类型的周缘前陆盆地 ,它们构成了同一大陆造山带的双前陆盆地 ,而不是传统概念的单一成因类型前陆盆地。 相似文献
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研究表明恩格尔乌苏冲断带是华北板块和塔里木板块的缝合线,北东东向断续延长800km以上。该冲断带连同南北陆缘地带构造构成典型的陆-弧-陆碰撞造山带,与碰撞造山作用同时,形成区域性透入性劈理。地层学和同位素地质年代学资料表明,碰撞造山作用发生于海西末期或印支早期。碰撞造山作用的动力学过程主要表现为向南的洋壳俯冲和向北的陆壳仰冲,并伴随右旋剪切滑移运动。恩格尔乌苏混杂岩带为韧性-韧脆性冲断推覆构造,其北侧的前陆褶皱冲断带为脆性-脆韧性冲断推覆及褶皱构造。 相似文献
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西藏北部新生代大型逆冲推覆构造与唐古拉山的隆起 总被引：33，自引：0，他引：33
西藏北部唐古拉山地区新生代发育一大型逆冲推覆构造,推覆构造带走向与唐古拉山脉延伸方向一致,主体呈NW-SE向展布,由北部乌兰乌拉湖—巴庆构造带(锋带)、雀莫错—改纳构造带(中带)和南部各拉丹东—鄂碎玛构造带(根带)构成,构造样式上由根带到锋带表现为:高角度叠瓦逆冲构造、褶皱—逆冲构造和中低角度叠瓦逆冲构造,逆冲推覆运动方向由南西向北东,并在推覆构造带北侧发育新生代沱沱河前陆盆地。同构造岩浆侵入体同位素年代学和前陆盆地沉积充填序列演化表明,推覆构造形成时限为67.1～23.8Ma。推覆构造形成演化受控于印度—欧亚板块碰撞造山和其后印度板块持续向北俯冲动力学体制,并造成唐古拉山地区地壳在始新世—渐新世的强烈缩短、增厚和唐古拉山脉的隆起。 相似文献
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皖南江南陆内造山带的基本特征与中生代造山过程 总被引：21，自引：1，他引：20
皖南地区的江南隆起带 ,在震旦纪—中三叠世与周边一样处于被动大陆边缘海相环境。印支—早燕山期 ,该带成为陆内造山带 ,其中发育了一系列近东西向、向北逆冲的逆冲—推覆构造 ,使基底岩系相互叠置、强烈隆升。江南陆内造山带属板内叠置山系 ,不具阿尔卑斯式远程推覆体。地球物理资料表明 ,该陆内造山带下的地壳和岩石圈曾显著加厚。江南陆内造山带形成于北部华北与扬子板块发生陆—陆碰撞、南部华南板块向北推挤的区域动力学背景下 相似文献
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盐源-丽江构造带处于扬子大陆与青藏特提斯的结合部,其造山时代的确定,不仅对正确认识该区的构造性质与发展历史及指导矿产勘查有重要意义,而且有助于判定印度-欧亚板块碰撞事件对欧亚板块内部影响的广度和深度。通过系列构造-成矿测年,结合地层、构造、岩浆活动、成矿作用的综合研究,证实盐源-丽江构造带是新生代陆内造山带,而不是印支造山带。其造山作用主要发生于中-晚始新世之交的喜马拉雅期,与欧亚-印度板块碰撞触发的扬子大陆岩石圈向青藏特提斯岩石圈俯冲有关,表现为地壳多层次拆离、剪切和沉积盖层的滑脱、褶皱和推覆,属陆内造山,系印度-欧亚板块碰撞事件的一种远程效应。 相似文献
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湖南中生代造山过程——华南陆块周缘造山带之影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
湖南地区中生代造山作用强烈，其演化过程与华南陆块各周缘造山带一样，经历了T3一JI的陆内碰撞造山、J2一KI陆内碰撞后造山及K2后的伸展造山阶段．湘谭一祁东以西的扬子区域，发育一系列NE向展布向NW逆冲的逆冲推覆构造带，而其东部华夏区域则发育热隆伸展构造与走滑盆山构造带．研究表明，湖南地区的造山过程与周缘追山带的形成演化体戚相关．一方面，周缘造山带对湖南地区构成了楔入构造的运动学——动力学边界条件；另一方面，华南周缘古特提斯洋的消减和周缘陆块对华南陆块的会聚、碰撞造山激活了软流层地幔的上涌和东向迁移，这是湖南地区中生代活化和造山过程的主要机制． 相似文献
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下扬子地区前陆变形构造格局及其动力学机制 总被引：31，自引：0，他引：31
华北板块与扬子板块于印支－早燕山期发一陆－陆碰撞时,使造山带南部的下扬子地区成为前陆变形带。下扬子前陆变形带上,大致以长江为界,北部的逆冲推覆构造系统为向南运动,南部的逆冲推覆构造系统为向北运动,总体呈两套对冲的逆冲推覆构造系统。长江以北前陆变形的动力来自华北与扬子板块沿大别－胶南造山带的碰撞,长江以南前陆变形的动力来自沿江南隆起带的板内造山。 相似文献
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当代花岗岩研究的几个重要前沿 总被引：26，自引：0，他引：26
近 10多年来 ,人们已认识到大多数花岗岩浆的发育和演化受岩石圈上地幔作用过程的制约 ,开创了把壳幔相互作用研究与花岗岩形成演化紧密结合的新方向 ,这个新的研究方向的科学前沿主要是花岗岩形成与大陆生长和深部过程的关系 ;花岗岩形成的深熔作用和热源以及花岗岩的成因类型与构造环境。这些前沿研究试图从大陆生长及大陆动力学的层次去认识花岗岩成因 ,以期能建立起一个它们之间相互关联的框架 ,并进一步通过这一框架追索它们形成时热能传递的机理及其体制。因此 ,研究花岗岩不仅可以获得花岗岩物质来源和构造环境的信息 ,而且可以获得壳幔物质运动的状态、过程、动力学等问题的本质、深部能量 (热能 )的传导、转化的重要信息。探索和解译这些信息 ,对于认识大陆生长具有“纲举目张”的作用 ,是解决当今大陆地质演化 ,建立大陆动力学关键问题之一 ,是继花岗岩物质来源、构造环境研究的花岗岩研究的第三个里程碑的开始 ,因而具有重要的战略意义。 相似文献
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塔里木盆地与天山山脉晚新生代盆山耦合机制 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
根据塔里木盆地北缘地质构造几何学和运动学资料、油气勘探地震剖面、人工地震测深、地震层析成像以及地热资料,提出了塔里木盆地、准噶尔盆地岩石圈地幔在天山岩石圈之下碰撞并发生拆沉的盆山耦合机制的概念模型。由于印藏碰撞,青藏高原的北部前缘岩石圈地幔与塔里木盆地岩石圈地幔形成V字形碰撞结构,推动塔里木地块的高强度岩石圈向北运动并俯冲到天山岩石圈之下,以水平俯冲作用在中天山北缘岩石圈之下与准噶尔盆地向南俯冲的岩石圈地幔碰撞,并发生后剥拆离。塔里木岩石圈俯冲的过程中,形成库车再生前陆盆地和再生前陆冲断带以及再生天山山脉。冲断量约为塔里木俯冲量的20％。这一盆山耦合模型可以解释盆地构造、盆地沉降、山脉隆升、岩石圈深部构造和热特征。 相似文献
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大陆溢流玄武岩的地球化学特征及起源 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
快速上涌的大陆溢流玄武岩（CFB），与大陆裂开存在密切的成因关系。CBF总体岩石及地球化学成分均一，富集同位素及不相容元素，但一些样品含有明显的亏损成分，反映出普遍的地幔不均一性，来自上下地幔边界及软流圈的地幔柱提供了CFB所需的主要物质和能量来源，地壳混染作用对CBF的成分影响不大，而受俯冲带脱水流体以及热地幔柱自身与围岩发生的交代作用影响。交代岩石圈地幔对CBF产生重要影响，很好地解释了CFB所具备的微量元素和同位素特征。 相似文献
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S.P. Colman-Sadd 《Tectonophysics》1982,90(3-4):263-282
It is proposed that major continental collision normally causes two orogenies. The first is characterized by ophiolite obduction, and the second by widespread deformation, often accompanied by metamorphism and granite intrusion. The two orogenies are separated by a relatively quiescent orogenic pause of 40–60 Ma. The two stages of continental collision are illustrated by examples from the Paleozoic Newfoundland Appalachians, and the Mesozoic-Cenozoic Tethyan collision belts of the Zagros and Himalayas.
The stages of continental collision are explained in terms of the forces driving plate motions, which are dominated by the downward pull of subducting oceanic lithosphere and, to a lesser extent, by the outward push of spreading oceanic ridges.
The Taconic stage marks attempted subduction of continental crust. The buoyancy of continental crust offsets the negative buoyancy of subducting oceanic lithosphere and other driving forces so that plate motion is halted. Orogeny involves vertical buoyancy forces and is concentrated along the narrow belt of plate overlap at the subduction zone.
In a major collision the Taconic stage destroys a substantial proportion of the earth's subducting capacity. It is an event of such magnitude that it has global consequences, reducing sea-floor spreading and the rate of convection. This results in retention of heat within the earth and a consequent increase in the forces driving the plates. The orogenic pause represents the time taken for these forces to become strong enough to overcome the obstruction of buoyant continental crust and renew subduction at the collision zone.
The Acadian stage of collision occurs when renewed subduction is achieved by detachment of continental crust from its underlying lithosphere. As the subcrustal lithosphere is subducted, the crust moves horizontally. The result is crustal shortening with widespread deformation and generation of anatectic granitic magma, as well as subduction related volcanism.
The effects of continental collision on the rate of sea-floor spreading can be related to eustatic changes in sea level, glaciations, and mass extinctions. There may also be connections, through changes in the rate of mantle convection, to the earth's magnetic polarity bias and rotation rate. 相似文献
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Five domains (microplates) have been recognized by seismic anisotropy in the mantle lithosphere of the Bohemian Massif. The mantle domains correspond to major crustal units and each of the domains bears a consistent fossil olivine fabric formed before their Variscan assembly. The present-day mantle fabric indicates that this process consisted of at least three oceanic subductions, each followed by an underthrusting of the continental lithosphere. The seismic anisotropy does not detect remnants of the oceanic subductions, but it can trace boundaries of the preserved continental domains subsequently underthrust along the paths of previous oceanic subductions. The most robust continent–continent collision was followed by westward underthrusting of the Brunovistulian mantle lithosphere, still detectable by seismic anisotropy more than 100 km beneath the Moldanubian mantle lithosphere. Major occurrences of the high-pressure/ultra high-pressure (HP–UHP) rocks follow the ENE and NNE oriented sutures and boundaries of the mantle–lithosphere domains mapped from three-dimensional modeling of body-wave anisotropy. The HP–UHP rocks are products of oceanic subductions and the following underthrusting of the continental crust and mantle lithosphere exhumed along the mantle boundaries. The close relation of the mantle sutures and occurrences of the HP–UHP rocks near the paleosubductions testifies for models interpreting the granulite–garnet peridotite association by oceanic/continental subduction/underthrusting followed by the exhumation of deep-seated rocks. Our findings support the bivergent subduction model of tectonic development of the central part of the Bohemian Massif. The inferences from seismic anisotropy image the Bohemian Massif as a mosaic of microplates with a rigid mantle lithosphere preserving a fossil olivine fabric. The collisional mantle boundaries, blurred by tectonometamorphic processes in easily deformed overlying crust, served as major exhumation channels of the HP–UHP rocks. 相似文献
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《Gondwana Research》2014,25(3-4):838-848
Geodynamic concepts of deformation and metamorphism of continental lithosphere are dominated by the effects of subduction, accretion or collision along the margins of continental lithospheric blocks. Yet it is becoming increasingly apparent that suture zones, presumably representing fossil subduction zones, but occurring far from ambient continent boundaries, play a key role in intra-cratonic deformation. In such zones the crust is strongly sheared and mantle lithosphere metasomatised. Reworking of such settings reveals a surprisingly large range of instabilities that develop in compressed/extended lithosphere with lateral heterogeneities inherited from fossil subduction settings. Structural complexity arises which is quite sensitive to the pre-existing geometry and tectonic setting. This influences localization of deformation, topographic evolution, melt generation and fluid flow patterns. We recognise a class of instabilities, labelled acceleration instabilities, of which the classical Rayleigh–Taylor instability is one example. In many cases shown in this paper such instabilities are responsible for triggering most of the response of the lithosphere. In an elastic-plastic material a necessary condition for instability is that the material reaches the yield point; thus not only density contrasts between media drive instability but also processes induced by other forces normal to the interface. As a geological example the Petermann orogeny in central Australia is given. 相似文献
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地幔内异常热熔变与青藏高原的隆升 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文利用中法合作研究获得的定日—格尔木天然地震记录资料所揭示的青藏岩石圈存在的各向异性变化，讨论了雅鲁藏布江缝合带南北地幔物质运动方向的差异。结合区域重力场、地热和大量地质资料，提出了解释青藏高原形成和隆升的新模式。青藏高原是在印度板块和欧亚板块强烈碰撞挤压下，地壳缩短变形增厚，碰撞挤压达于极限，地幔内物质产生热熔变，导致了受热幔壳的急剧膨胀，托浮起上覆地壳整体，形成了巨大高耸而且地形平坦的高原。喜马拉雅造山带则是印度板块北缘俯冲受阻，逆冲叠覆堆积变形的结果。 相似文献
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PENG Cong PEI Rongfu Institute of Mineral deposits CAGS Beijing GAO Rui Institute of Geology CAGS Beijing Liu Xinzhu 《《地质学报》英文版》1999,73(2):193-200
Based on the study of tens of geophysical profiles (seismic, geothermal flow and magnetotelluric sounding profiles) and 3-D shear wave velocity structures of the Chinese continent and its neighbouring regions, this paper describes the 3-D crustal and upper mantle structures and discusses briefly the deep geophysical background of superlarge ore deposits in the Chinese continent. Superlarge deposits are usually very few in number, but they are distributed still in certain forms such as "point", "zone" and "area". Most of the large-, medium- and small-sized deposits occur near the margins of different tectonic units; while the superlarge endogenic polymetallic deposits occur mostly in thinned mantle lithosphere, uplifts of the asthenosphere (vertical low-velocity zones) and the transformation zones of lateral inhomogeneity (weak zones) in the upper mantle. The superlarge endogenic polymetallic deposits are almost unevenly distributed in three major ore zones in China, corresponding to the boundaries of in 相似文献
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中国及邻近陆域海域地球内部三维结构及动力学研究 总被引：27，自引：3，他引：24
根据国内外最新地球物理和其它地学资料,采用多学科多手段进行综合反演,建立中国及邻区高分辨率地球三维结构模型,为地学各领域提供高精度多参数地球三维模型数据库。对中国及邻近陆域海域岩石圈软流圈结构,过渡带以下直至核幔边界的地幔速度三维分布进行研究。探讨东亚及西太平洋边缘海板块运动、地幔对流、圈层耦合及物质运移等深部动力学问题。对中国大陆及边缘海各地块的结构及相互作用,特别是有关中国东部及边缘海岩石圈拉张减薄、西部岩石圈汇聚增厚的深部动力学过程作了探讨。 相似文献
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Deng Jinfu Zhao Hailing Lai Shaocong Li Yuwen Liu Houxiang Mo Xuanxue Di YongjunDepartment of Geology Mineral Resources China University of Geosciences Beijing 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》1995,(2)
Based on the discussion on the intracontinental orogenic igneous rocks formed after India- Asia collision (40 or 45 Ma ),the intracontinemal orogenic processes of Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet)-Himalaya are traced . Muscovite/two mica granite is considered as a petrological record of intracontinental subduction. Volcanic rocks of shoshonite series are believed to be the products of the orogenic and outside cratonic lithosphere convergence . The intracontinental orogenic igneous rocks are developed only on the margins of the orogenic belt. The pairing phenomenon of the igneous rock zones is regarded as one of the best signs to recognize the special range of orogenic belt . The stage of magmatic activity is a representation and indicator of orogenic episode . Three pairs of the igneous events in Oligocene , Miocene and Pleistocene and their space distribution indicate three corresponding orogenic episodes and the horizontal expansion across the orogenic belt , respectively , On the northern and southern margins of 相似文献