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1.
利用中国数字地震台网30个台站的高质量宽频带远震数据,采用H-k叠加搜索法对中国境内的地壳结构进行研究,获得了研究区内的地壳厚度和vP/vS分布特征.结果表明, 中国境内的vP/vS值介于1.6—1.9之间,地壳厚度变化剧烈,在29—81 km之间.100°—110°E之间存在一个地壳厚度陡变带, 将中国分为东西两个部分.东部地壳厚度相对均匀,为31—36 km, 西部地区地壳厚度相对较厚且变化较大,中部地区地壳厚度为34—49 km.总的看来,青藏高原地区地壳最厚,可达81 km;天山、准噶尔盆地和内蒙古地区地壳厚度次之;华南地区地壳最薄.另外,中国大陆地壳平均波速比为1.738(σ=0.253),比全球大陆平均波速比1.78(σ=0.269)低.较低的波速比可能暗示中国境内地壳低速层的存在或者铁镁质成分的缺失. 相似文献
2.
本研究利用中国国家地震台网336个固定地震台站记录的远震波形资料,通过P波接收函数H-κ分析估算了中国华南地区的地壳厚度和地壳平均波速比.研究结果显示,地壳厚度约为25~46 km,整体表现西深东浅的变化特点.研究区地壳厚度变化分别与布格重力异常和地形呈现负相关和正相关.扬子块体东部显示较低地壳波速比(<1.7)可能与地表沉积岩的存在相关.四川盆地内部的平均地壳波速比(约1.71~1.8)与全球大陆地盾/克拉通地区相当.但其周围地区地壳平均波速比明显增高(1.81~1.95),推测可能是克拉通形成过程中岩浆的底侵引起下地壳组分以铁镁质麻粒岩为主.华夏块体西部表现为薄的地壳厚度和低的地壳平均波速比(1.65~1.75),暗示该区基性下地壳物质的缺失可能与增厚的地壳发生拆沉有关.华夏块体东南段呈现出较高的地壳平均波速比(约1.77~1.86),地壳组成以中基性铁镁质为主,推断可能与晚中生代铁镁质岩浆底侵作用密切相关. 相似文献
3.
《地震研究》2016,(4)
收集2015年宁夏、甘肃和青海地震台网63个三分量地震台站观测到的远震波形数据,使用H-k扫描法研究了区域地壳厚度和平均波速比。地壳厚度分布清晰地展示出自东向西地壳厚度不断增加的趋势,并伴随着2个地壳深度梯度带。研究区域平均地壳厚度为50.8 km,显著高于大陆地壳平均厚度;平均波速比为1.73,对应泊松比为0.25,略低于大陆平均泊松比(0.265)。分析认为研究区域中东部地壳增厚主要发生在上地壳,长英质岩石含量增加使整体泊松比下降。某些区域表现出超高的泊松比,推测这些区域可能存在岩石部分熔融现象。古浪大地震、海原大地震和这次门源地震都发生在泊松比梯度带和地壳厚度梯度带泊松比较低的一侧。 相似文献
4.
利用中国台湾地震台网1992-2004年间记录到的P波和S波到时数据,使用地震层析成像方法联合反演了台湾及邻近地区地壳上地幔的P波速度和Vp/Vs波速比结构。与已有结果相比,采用的球坐标系有限差分算法适合于地壳波速结构强烈不均匀的情况,能够提高走时计算和三维射线追踪的准确程度,而联合反演得到的P波速度、Vp/Vs波速比及其重新定位后的地震分布为揭示壳幔结构的横向变化和深部特征提供了更多约束。结果表明：在地壳浅表层,沉积盆地和造山带具有明显不同的波速特征,沉积盆地P波速度偏低、Vp/Vs波速比偏高,造山带P波速度偏高、Vp/Vs波速比偏低;台东纵谷作为欧亚大陆和菲律宾海板块的碰撞缝合带,Vp/Vs波速比明显偏高,并延伸至中、下地壳和上地幔,反映了岩石破裂、部分熔融和流体活动对壳幔深部物质的影响;台湾东北部琉球岛弧附近的P波速度、Vp/Vs波速比和重新定位后的地震分布勾画出了菲律宾海板块俯冲至欧亚大陆下方的形态,高速的海洋俯冲板片及板片上方P波低速和高Vp/Vs波速比的特征一直延伸至80km;沿着东西向的纵向波速剖面,地壳厚度在中央山脉东侧达到60km左右,并呈现向东倾的趋势,反映出欧亚大陆板块的向东俯冲和挤压使造山带中下地壳物质变形增厚。 相似文献
5.
根据西秦岭构造带及其周边地区117个宽频带地震台站的高质量波形数据, 利用远震P波接收函数的H-k叠加方法, 求得地壳厚度和平均波速比. 通过分析地壳厚度、 波速比及其关系和接收函数CCP叠加剖面, 研究了该区域的地壳结构特征. 结果表明, 研究区域内地壳结构差异大, 呈过渡带特征. 地壳厚度总体上呈北北西向分布, 自西南向东北逐渐减小. 羌塘块体地壳厚度为72 km, 渭河盆地附近为39 km. 西秦岭构造带的地壳厚度为42—56 km, 南北向莫霍界面平坦. 研究区域P波与S波波速比平均为1.74, 其中西秦岭构造带平均为1.72. 较低的波速比主要分布在西秦岭构造带、 祁连山块体、 松潘—甘孜地块北部以及香山—天景山断裂区域, 这可能是由于含长英质酸性岩组分的上地壳叠置增厚而导致的. 该区域缺少超高波速比, 表明这一区域发生岩浆底侵或上地壳熔融的可能性很小. 综合分析表明, 西秦岭构造带及邻区的地壳结构主要是由于青藏高原隆升并在向东北向扩张中受到周边块体的阻挡而引起的地壳构造变形所致. 西秦岭构造带的莫霍界面变化和波速比分布与该构造带经历碰撞地壳增厚后的伸展走滑运动有关. 相似文献
6.
根据西秦岭构造带及其周边地区117个宽频带地震台站的高质量波形数据,利用远震P波接收函数的H-k叠加方法,求得地壳厚度和平均波速比.通过分析地壳厚度、波速比及其关系和接收函数CCP叠加剖面,研究了该区域的地壳结构特征.结果表明,研究区域内地壳结构差异大,呈过渡带特征.地壳厚度总体上呈北北西向分布,自西南向东北逐渐减小.羌塘块体地壳厚度为72km,渭河盆地附近为39km.西秦岭构造带的地壳厚度为42—56km,南北向莫霍界面平坦.研究区域P波与S波波速比平均为1.74,其中西秦岭构造带平均为1.72.较低的波速比主要分布在西秦岭构造带、祁连山块体、松潘—甘孜地块北部以及香山—天景山断裂区域,这可能是由于含长英质酸性岩组分的上地壳叠置增厚而导致的.该区域缺少超高波速比,表明这一区域发生岩浆底侵或上地壳熔融的可能性很小.综合分析表明,西秦岭构造带及邻区的地壳结构主要是由于青藏高原隆升并在向东北向扩张中受到周边块体的阻挡而引起的地壳构造变形所致.西秦岭构造带的莫霍界面变化和波速比分布与该构造带经历碰撞地壳增厚后的伸展走滑运动有关. 相似文献
7.
利用中国大陆东南缘四条北西向人工地震测深剖面的初至Pg波走时,使用有限差分层析成像方法反演剖面基底速度结构,并通过初始模型选取、射线数分布、走时拟合等手段分析结果的可靠度.研究结果表明,剖面表层速度比华北克拉通的地表速度高,闽东火山断拗带地表速度普遍高于西侧的闽西南坳陷带.相邻构造带的分界线两侧均有明显的速度横向变化,剖面东段的闽东火山断拗带内的东南沿海一带,速度变化较大,地层的褶皱变形要强于西段.基底埋深自西向东呈逐渐变浅的趋势,剖面东段的闽东火山断拗带基底起伏剧烈,基底深度与闽西南坳陷带相比较浅,与闽西北隆起带相比较深.西段的闽西北隆起带基底变化较为平缓,基底深度相对较浅;闽西南坳陷带基底深度明显加深,在龙岩新泉盆地内最深接近4 km.基底形态的起伏变化揭示出东南缘基底是坳陷与隆起并存的构造特征,与研究区近代的地质构造特征相吻合.邵武—河源、政和—大埔和长乐—诏安断裂带都切割基底,其中,政和—大埔断裂4 km深度下方有比较明显的低速异常带,结合本文以及现有的研究结果,进一步确认政和—大埔断裂是不同断块构造单元的分界. 相似文献
8.
鄂尔多斯块体及其东南缘剪切波速度结构与波速比研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
利用深源远震的纯S波波形拟合方法研究了鄂尔多斯块体及其东、南缘的剪切波速度结构。结果显示，鄂尔多斯块体内部榆林台站下方速度结构相当稳定，没有很明显的高低速层变化，随着深度的增加，剪切波速度稳步升高；在该台下方25km深处有一个厚度达12km的层位(ys=3．90km／s)，该层的波速度相对其东部同等深度处的波速度偏低(以≥4．00km／s)。鄂尔多斯地块东部边缘的地壳厚度都比榆林厚，而且呈现高、低速层相间结构，低速层明显增多，与块体内部比较一致的特征为下地壳是一个厚达10km的速度较低的下地壳(yS=3．8km／s)，但埋深在35km左右。另外反演得到了各个台站的P波速度结构，并对相应的波速比(Vp/Vs)进行了研究，发现位于鄂尔多斯块体内部的榆林台波速比平均值仅为1．68，上地壳波速比处在非常低的状态(1．60左右)，中下地壳一直到上地幔的波速比稳定在1．73左右，反映介质均匀稳定，处于一种刚性状态；而鄂尔多斯块体东、南边缘的台站，都有几个波速比较高(1．80左右)的层位，其中东部边缘苛岚和离石地区的波速比平均值系统超过一般的弹性体波速比平均值1．732，反映了边缘地区地壳活动相对比较活跃，介质层中可能有其他物质的影响。 相似文献
9.
巽他大陆位于欧亚板块、印度—澳大利亚板块和太平洋板块俯冲汇聚区域,其地壳结构特征是揭示洋陆过渡带演化及物质能量交换机制的重要依据.本文对巽他大陆及其周缘 19 个宽频带地震台站记录的远震波形进行 P波接收函数分析和H-κ叠加处理,获取了每个台站下方的地壳厚度和平均地壳波速比信息.为了减少参数的主观选择对结果带来的不确定性,研究采用了多种参数组合、综合约束策略.将本文结果与前人 146 个宽频带台站接收函数的研究结果进行整合,我们获得了巽他大陆地区地壳厚度和平均地壳波速比分布,并统计分析了两者的相关性.结果显示:巽他大陆地壳总体较薄,平均地壳厚度约为32 km,远低于全球造山带平均值,而与全球拉张型地壳平均厚度较为接近,可能反映研究区地壳整体处于拉张应力状态;而呵叻高原盆地地区地壳相对较厚,平均约38 km,与周缘地区明显不同.火山弧地区平均地壳波速比普遍大于 1.81,甚至达 1.87以上,并且壳内广泛分布低速层,可能受到了火山弧地区熔融物质的影响;非火山弧地区平均地壳波速比则普遍小于 1.76,反映地壳组分以长英质成分为主;局部地区高于 1.81,甚至高达 1.99,表明地壳以铁镁质成分为主或存在部分熔融,可能与铁镁质岩浆底侵作用或地幔热物质上涌有关.中南半岛中西部、婆罗洲西北部和马来半岛中部莫霍面 Ps转换波和多次波不明显而且具有多峰特征,可能表明该区域经历了复杂的壳幔相互作用.巽他大陆地区地壳厚度和平均地壳波速比总体无明显相关性,说明上地壳和下地壳结构和成分横向变化复杂;但中南半岛内部呵叻高原附近和东南部火山区两者均呈负相关性,与周围地区明显不同.综合区域构造背景和其他多种地球物理观测,推测稳定的呵叻高原盆地阻挡了印支地块的侧向挤出,处于挤压应力环境并发生上地壳增厚;而东南部火山区则处于拉张应力环境并存在基性岩浆底侵,可能与地幔物质上涌有关. 相似文献
10.
江西九江—福建宁化剖面沿NW--SE方向穿过华南大陆东部的扬子地块和华夏地块两个地质单元. 通过收集沿该剖面布设的35个流动宽频带地震台站2012—2014年记录的远震波形资料, 采用P波接收函数H-k扫描叠加和CCP叠加两种方法, 对该剖面下方的地壳厚度和泊松比分布进行了研究. 结果表明: 沿剖面地壳厚度为29—33 km, 扬子地块东南边缘与华夏地块的莫霍形态差异明显, 萍乡—广丰断裂北侧的萍乐凹陷带深部存在明显的莫霍面上隆现象, 为研究区域中地壳最薄处; 研究区大部分台站下方的泊松比值相对较低, 介于0.21—0.24之间, 萍乡—广丰断裂两侧泊松比值稍高, 可达0.26, 表明不同构造单元地壳深部岩石组成存在差异; 萍乡—广丰断裂可作为江绍拼合带的自然西延, 是扬子地块与华夏地块在赣北地区的拼合界线, 推测其深部的物质组成有相似之处. 相似文献
11.
D. M. Pechersky A. A. Lyubushin Z. V. Sharonova 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2010,46(7):613-623
The data on geomagnetic reversals are compared with the changes in the organic world and with the lower-mantle plumes. The
times of the formation of plumes and the times of their appearance on the Earth’s surface relate to the intervals characterized
by the different frequencies of geomagnetic reversals, i.e., there is no interrelation between the formation of plumes and
the frequency of the changes in the geomagnetic field polarity. At the same time, a certain synchronism is observed between
the frequency of the geomagnetic reversals and the boundaries of the biostratigraphic ages, i.e., the changes in the organic
world in the long-period range. A hypothesis is proposed, which explains the change in the sign of the geomagnetic field by
the combined effect of the irregular rotation of the internal core relative to the mantle and the changes in the slope angle
of the axis of the Earth’s rotation, which, in turn, results in synchronous events on the Earth’s surface: the rates of changes
in the organic world. 相似文献
12.
Summary The maintenance of the axisymmetric component of the flow in the atmosphere is investigated by means of a steady-state, quasi-geostrophic formulation of the meteorological equations. It is shown that the meridional variations in the time-averaged axisymmetric variables can be expressed as the sum of three contributions, one being due to the eddy heat transport, another to the eddy momentum transport, and a third to the convective-radiative equilibrium temperature which enters the problem through the specification of a Newtonian form of diabatic heating. The contributions by the large scale eddies are evaluated through the use of observed values for the eddy heat and momentum transports.The contributions from each of the three forcing mechanisms to the temperature and zonal wind fields are invstigated individually and found to be of about equal importance. The sum of the three contributions are also presented for the temperature, the zonal wind, the stream function associated with the mean meridional circulation and the corresponding vertical motion. Although the results fail to reproduce the main observed features of the lower stratosphere, they are found to be in good agreement with observations in the middle latitude troposphere. At any pressure level, for example, the computed mean zonal wind has a jet-like profile and the axis of the jet is found to slope to the south with height, as observed in the atmosphere.Based in part on a thesis submitted by the first author as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Ph.D. degree at the University of Michigan. — Publication No. 194 from the Department of Meteorology and Oceanography, The University of Michigan. 相似文献
13.
Prof. Dr. W. A. Heiskanen 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1958,41(1):1-18
Summary The author mentions the aims of the World-wide gravity project he established in the Ohio State University in Columbus, in 1950. He outlines the practical procedure of the gravimetric computations of the undulationsN and the vertical deflection components and and emphasizes that only by the global international cooperation and additional gravity observations at sea carried out during the last decade it has been possible to gather to Columbus the needed gravity material. Since there exist still large gravimetrically unsurveyed areas it is of vital significance to study what gravity anomalies are best to be used for these regions. The given figures concerning the accuracy of theN, and , estimated theoretically and obtained in practice, indicate that in the gravimetrically well surveyed parts of the world like in Europe and the United States we can get gravimetrically on basis of existing gravity material theN-values with accuracy of about 5–10 meters, and and with the accuracy of about 1. The geoid undulationsN are already computed in Columbus for more than 6000 points of the northern hemisphere. The sample maps show the interesting geoid of Europe and vicinity between the latitudes 60° and 30° and longitude 5° W and 30° E, drafted on basis of more than 1000N-values computed at the corners of 1°×1° squares. It is interesting to realize that the geoid undulations in all this area are positive, the extreme values being between 40 and 50 meters. The geophysical significance of the geoid maps of this kind is pointed out. 相似文献
14.
15.
综合APIA、HONOLULU、PAMATAI 3个地磁台三分量的11年周期变化的形态后,可定性地提出该变化源于内场。如内源为核幔边界的电涡流,则其中心点应位于3台之间。 相似文献
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V. E. Pavlov T. Yu. Tolmacheva R. V. Veselovskiy A. V. Latyshev A. M. Fetisova I. V. Bigun 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2017,53(5):702-713
Until recently, the existing data prevented the geophysicists from accurately dating the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum, which outcrops in the middle reach of the Kotuy River, constraining the time of its formation to a wide interval from the end of the Late Cambrian to the beginning of the Silurian. The obtained paleomagnetic data unambiguously correlate the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum to the Nyaian regional stage and constrain its formation, at least a considerable part of it, by the Tremadocian. This result perfectly agrees with the data on the Bysy-Yuryakh conodonts studied in this work and yields a spectacular example of the successful application of paleomagnetic studies in solving important tasks of stratigraphy and, correspondingly, petroleum geology. Within the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum, we revealed a large normal-polarity interval corresponding to the long (>1 Ma) period when the geomagnetic reversals were absent. This result, in combination with the data for the Tremadocian and Middle–Upper Cambrian sequences of the other regions, indicates that (1) the rate of occurrence of the geomagnetic reversals on the eve of the Ordovician Moyero superchron of reversed polarity was at most one reversal per Ma; (2) the superchron does not switch on instantaneously but is preceded by a certain gradual change in the operation conditions of the dynamo mechanism which, inter alia, manifests itself by the reduction of the frequency of geomagnetic reversals with the approach of the superchron. This finding supports the views according to which a process preparing the establishment of the superchrons takes place at the core–mantle boundary. 相似文献
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The global database on the paleointensity, containing determinations of the virtual dipole moment (VDM) for a stable (normal) regime of the geomagnetic field in a time interval of up to 3.5 Ga, is supplemented by new VDM determinations and analyzed. The field generation process started no later than 3–3.5 Ga (earlier data are absent) at the stage of the Earth’s core formation. Since that time, the dipole value has differed from its present value by no more than an order of magnitude, and the deviations that have already been detected tend toward smaller values. The distribution of VDM values in the time interval 0–400 Ma is bimodal, which apparently reflects the presence of two different generation levels of the geomagnetic field distinguished by a relatively large value (close to the present field value) and a relatively small value (approximately half as large as the present value). The total duration of decreased VDM values appreciably exceeds that of increased VDM values (179.1 and 28.6 Myr, respectively). On the whole, data on the paleointensity do not contradict the hypothesis about the dipole nature of the field over the last 400 Myr; however, the number of determinations at high paleolatitudes is too small to draw decisive conclusions on the validity (or invalidity) of the dipole field approximation based solely on paleointensity data. 相似文献
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The nutations of the planets Mars andEarth are investigated and compared. Alarge number of interior structureparameters are involved in the nutationcomputations. The comparison between the observations and the computationsprovides several constraints on these parmeters andtherefore allows a better understanding of the physics of the interior of theplanet. For the Earth, the high precision of the observations of the nutationshas led to a very good determination of interior properties of the planet. ForMars, observations of nutations are not yet available, and we review how theamplitude of the Martian nutations depends on the hypotheses consideredfor its interior. Although Mars is very similar to the Earth, its interior is not well known;for example, we don't knowif its core is liquid or solid. Only if the core is liquid,the Free Core Nutation (FCN) normal mode exists and can alter the nutationswhich are close to the resonance. From the observed geoids, it is known thatboth planets are not in hydrostatic equilibrium. The departure is larger forMars than for the Earth, and consequently, the implication of considering a convective mantle instead of a mantle in hydrostatic equilibrium described byClairaut's equation for the initial equilibrium state of the planet is largeron the Martian nutations than on the Earth nutations. The consequences of theuncertainty in the core dimensions are also examined and shown to be of a veryhigh influence for Mars if the core is liquid, due to the potential changes inthe FCN resonance. The influence of the presence of an inner core, which isknown to exist for the Earth, could be more important for Mars than for theEarth if the inner core is large. Due to the presence of Tharsis on Mars, thetriaxiality of this planet has, additionally, larger effects than on Earth. 相似文献
20.
Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - The evolution of the magnetic configuration in the solar corona is studied. The curvature of the K-corona helmets obtained from an analytical approximation of the... 相似文献