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1.
Sharad Chari 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2003,24(2):169-183
This paper addresses questions of ethnography in geographic fieldwork through research conducted on globalisation and work in Tiruppur, an industrial boomtown in South India. During the last two decades of the twentieth century, Tiruppur town in western Tamilnad State became India's centrepiece in the export of garments made of knitted cloth. This industrial boom has been organised through networks of small firms integrated through intricate subcontracting arrangements controlled by local capital of Gounders from modest agrarian and working‐class origins. In effect, the whole town works like a decentralised factory for the global economy, but with local capital of peasant‐worker origins at the helm. My research explores the historical geographic trajectories linking agrarian and industrial work, and the ways in which these histories are used in the present. In these uses of the past in remaking self and place, I interrogate the self‐presentations of Tiruppur's entrepreneurs, as these “self‐made men” hinge their retrospective narratives of class mobility and industrial success on their propensity to “toil”. This paper explores questions of ethnographic method emerging from a political‐economic context in which globalisation has worked by turning “toil” into capital. 相似文献
2.
Warwick E. Murray 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2000,21(3):355-373
The economically vulnerable and geographically isolated states and territories of the Pacific Islands find themselves increasingly powerless to resist the recent accelerated diffusion of globalisation and the economic options that this entails. Neoliberal policy has arrived in the ocean region later than elsewhere in the tropical world and in the developing world in general. However, it now almost exclusively frames regional and state policy agendas, and is profoundly restructuring economies and societies across the region. Agriculture, by far the leading economic sector in Pacific Island countries, has been targeted specifically for reform. The cultivation of non-traditional agricultural exports has formed the centrepiece of the evolving strategy. As well as "staple" exports such as sugar, copra, and taro going to non-traditional markets, "exotic" niche products are being developed for export to high income markets in Europe, Asia and North America. A major example of such a product is kava – a "traditional" crop used in the preparation of a ceremonial and/or social drink. Psycho- and physiological properties have been identified in the plant by the pharmaceutical industry that is marketing a range of kava products. Produced widely across the Pacific, Fiji is the major export source. This paper traces the evolution of globalisation in the Pacific Islands, placing the current wave of neoliberalism in its historical context. It goes on to outline the evolution of the Fijian kava export sector, and investigates some of the local socio-economic impacts of recent market growth. Given the evidence presented in this study, the paper asks if the power relations evolving under contemporary neoliberal globalisation are likely to be any different from those that existed during colonial globalisation. 相似文献
3.
Yuan Shuren Northeast Normal University Changchun P.R.ChinaXu Shumei Harbin Teachers Uriversity Harbin P.R.ChinaDuan Jixian East |West Center Hawaii USA 《地理学报(英文版)》1997,(1)
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4.
如何在城市转型过程中通过城市重构实现国际化跨越,是全球化时代众多城市的发展难题。德国前首都波恩,正是在失去政治功能的巨大挑战下成功转型为国际城市。波恩从单纯的首都政治功能逐渐向多元化功能发展：在联合国机构和众多国际非政府机构影响下建立国际政治功能;在德国电信和德国邮政等大型跨国公司的经济动力下成为生产性服务业中心,扩展国际经济功能;积极发展国际高级科研中心,将城市创新功能作为城市转型的核心。波恩成功实现了从“废都”到具备重要政治、经济和创新功能的国际城市的转型,为中国城市国际化转型与发展提供了积极的示范。 相似文献
5.
Sarah Turner 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2000,21(3):336-354
It has been suggested that the economic crisis in Southeast Asia had a severe effect on small scale enterprises in the region. In this paper, I interpret the different consequences of this economic crisis ( krismon ) for small enterprises in the city of Makassar, Sulawesi, in the light of current globalisation debates. It is argued that for the majority of small enterprises, there have not been significant changes because of the relative isolation of Sulawesi within the Indonesian and global economies. However, for other small enterprises, there have been two significant changes indirectly linked to wider globalisation influences, because of the importance of conspicuous consumption amongst local cultural groups. In turn, this leads to an evaluation of both the strength of globalisation tendencies in the city, and the important influence of local cultural traits on the ways in which members of the local economy have responded to change. 相似文献
6.
The cross-border mobility of people, goods and services, and capital has expanded enormously both in intensity and diversity over recent decades. States have a general interest in facilitating these flows in order to benefit from economic globalisation. Yet, mainly due to security concerns, most governments grant visa-free mobility only very selectively. Drawing on a new bilateral visa policy database covering up to 194 destination and 214 origin countries over the 1995 to 2013 period, our analysis finds that the introduction of a visa restriction by a destination country for citizens from a particular origin country deters tourism inflows by about 20 per cent. Visa restrictions also reduce bilateral trade and foreign investment, but to a smaller extent than previous studies have suggested. We further find that some of the deterred flows in tourists and goods and services are redirected to other (visa-free) destinations. This deterrence-cum-deflection effect of restrictive visa policies implies significant economic costs for both visa-issuing and visa-targeted countries, but it creates some positive externalities for countries with a more liberal visa policy. Liberalised visa policies would in particular help poorer countries to partake more in the benefits of economic globalisation. 相似文献
7.
Ian G. Baird William Noseworthy Nghiem Phuong Tuyen Le Thu Ha Jefferson Fox 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2019,40(1):50-70
Since the early 2000s the Lao government has dramatically increased the number of large‐scale land concessions issued for agribusinesses. While studies have documented the social and environmental impacts of land dispossession, the role of Vietnamese labour on these Vietnamese‐owned rubber plantations has not previously been investigated. Taking a political ecology approach, we situate this study at the intersection between ‘land grabbing’ studies and work on ‘labour geographies’. Most of the remittances generated from Vietnamese working in Laos are used for non‐agricultural purposes, with people purposely choosing to not invest in agriculture in Vietnam. Vietnamese labour on Lao plantations still has significant spatial implications, both in Laos and in Vietnam, including through the norms, formal rules and practices introduced at rubber plantations by Vietnamese workers and management, but also through labour regime changes in Vietnam. In Laos, one of the most significant results has been to make certain spaces less welcoming to Lao labour. This study particularly points to the importance of geopolitics, as the close political relationship between Laos and Vietnam, and the fact that Vietnamese companies and managers are involved, is crucial for understanding the particular nature of the labour geographies associated with Vietnamese rubber plantations in Laos. 相似文献
8.
由于经济全球化的发展,各国经济的联系日益加深,国际资金流动规模日益扩大。到冷战结束,世界资本运动的主体已由物质产品生产转向了虚拟产口生产。从国家层面来看,各国经济虚拟化程度不同,共同构成虚拟经济时代的世界经济格局,国际经济传导机制也因之发生变化。本文将从虚拟经济时代的世界格局入手,重点阐述国际经济传导机制的新特点,然后探索我国在国际分工中趋利避害的有效途径,为我国融入全球化提供决策依据。 相似文献
9.
This is the second part of a contribution to the debate on the possibilities of leveraging economic globalisation — through incorporation in international production networks and global commodity chains (GCCs) — as a strategy for developing countries to industrialise and advance their position in the world economy. In the first part, we analysed the experience of the East Asian apparel industry and addressed the issues of sustaining positions, upgrading to more rewarding roles, and advancing to less dependent positions within production networks and GCCs. We developed an analytical framework at both the firm and industry levels, and subsequently identified alternative firm- and industry-level strategies and trajectories. The present paper deals with these issues in the context of the Singapore apparel industry. Based on extensive empirical research, we demonstrate that although the East Asian experience of upgrading and repositioning within the GCC is to some extent emulated in the case of the Singapore apparel industry, the outcomes have been less favourable in terms of the depth, extent and strength of these trajectories. The differing outcomes can be explained in terms of different (systemic) conditions in the Singapore business environment, including the agency of local players, the geography of sourcing networks, and the role of the state and prevailing business attitudes. Our conclusions merit continued attention in both research and policy circles on the development of capabilities at the firm level, and the role of local business and institutional environments in local industry development processes under globalisation. 相似文献
10.
This paper examines the recent economic turmoil in East Asia which has been linked to the convulsive nature of global capital movements. East Asia, once the site of rapid capital accumulation, lost its economic momentum beginning in July 1997 with a series of currency devaluations, culminating in a net outflow of private capital within a year. International capital's ability to disembed the region, however, has been highly uneven over space. That China, Hong Kong, Singapore, and Taiwan are far more territorially resilient while others like Indonesia, Thailand, and South Korea initiated major political changes suggests that the geography of crisis is far more complex than is currently presented. 相似文献
11.
东北三省区域经济增长的趋同性研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
新古典经济增长理论的趋同假说一直是经济学界探讨的热点问题。运用罗伯特·J·巴罗和萨拉-伊-马丁的经典趋同检验模型,选取1990～2009年的经济数据,分析探讨了东北三省以及其36个城市是否存在趋同现象。结果表明:①东北三省经济增长的σ趋同与趋异交替出现。②1990～2009年间东北三省并不存在长期绝对β趋同;在引入固定资产投资率、人口迁移率和地区虚拟变量等控制变量后的回归结果表明,在1990～2009年间东北三省存在着条件β趋同,但是由于条件β趋同意味着各个经济体是向着各自的稳态收敛,而每个经济体的稳态位置又有所差异,从长期来看各经济体间的不平等现象会仍然存在,经济差异也不会很快消失。 相似文献
12.
全球地方化视角下旅游地尺度重组——以浙江乌镇为例 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
权力、资本与空间的作用关系是马克思主义地理学的重要议题,近年来旅游地通过丰富的空间实践接驳全球化进程,为这一领域的研究提供了鲜活的案例。以浙江乌镇为研究案例,通过全球地方化的研究视角,结合Harvey的资本循环理论和Smith的尺度重组理论提出分析框架,将尺度重组理解为一种由权力、资本作用于多尺度空间而形成的复杂过程。基于质性研究方法,对乌镇从“前旅游阶段”向“旅游阶段”和“后旅游阶段”转变过程中的尺度重组进行分析。结果表明：乌镇尺度重组过程是对中国改革开放以来社会经济变革的微观映射;乌镇尺度重组是全球、国家、区域、地方等不同等级空间尺度“自上而下”和“自下而上”双向综合作用的结果;乌镇尺度重组具有作为权力、资本与空间互动作用下的方式和结果的双重属性,权力、资本与空间之间的交互逻辑是其核心机制;乌镇的空间实践在微观层面上拓展了权力、资本与空间相关探讨的研究范围。作为介于城市与农村之间的空间单元,乌镇的全球地方化实践走出了一条“兼容二元”的现实路径,这对改善中国当前城乡发展不平衡现状具有借鉴意义。 相似文献
13.
社会资本的地理学研究进展 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
随着社会资本在促进民主、发展经济、健康身体、解决贫困等方面的作用逐渐被人们认知,社会资本吸引了众多学科的关注,地理学者也意识到社会资本对地理现象的解释作用,并结合具体问题开展了一些实证性研究,但由于在地理学中引入社会资本的研究历史较短,国内迄今尚缺乏系统性的梳理和研究架构的探讨。本文在研读近年来国内外相关文献的基础上,对基于空间尺度、地域性差异的社会资本研究,以及社会资本在经济地理、城市社会地理、健康地理等领域的研究进行梳理和总结,并从社会资本的地理学研究思路与框架、测量指标、以及研究领域的拓展等方面进行了展望,以期促进社会资本在地理学领域研究的深入展开,丰富社会资本的理论与实践。 相似文献
14.
《The Professional geographer》2013,65(2):184-196
This paper examines the recent economic turmoil in East Asia which has been linked to the convulsive nature of global capital movements. East Asia, once the site of rapid capital accumulation, lost its economic momentum beginning in July 1997 with a series of currency devaluations, culminating in a net outflow of private capital within a year. International capital's ability to disembed the region, however, has been highly uneven over space. That China, Hong Kong, Singapore, and Taiwan are far more territorially resilient while others like Indonesia, Thailand, and South Korea initiated major political changes suggests that the geography of crisis is far more complex than is currently presented. 相似文献
15.
在技术溢出和技术互动效应理论辨析的基础上,以中国高技术制造业为例,基于分行业面板数据,在多元回归模型中引入连乘变量,从技术能力互动、研发行为互动2个方面,对与跨国企业技术互动对本土企业创新绩效的影响进行实证分析。结果显示：1）以双方技术实力为基础的技术能力互动对本土企业的创新绩效具有显著的正效应;2）研发行为互动同时促进双方研发行为的强化,对本土企业创新绩效也具有显著的正效应。3）控制变量中,产品进入国际市场能力与企业创新绩效存在显著的负相关,本土企业规模、资本强度及市场结构对企业创新绩效的影响在统计学上不显著。研究结果同时支持了跨国资本对地方企业研发行为的“控制变量,有助于丰富全球化与地方创新相互作用与机制的理解。 相似文献
16.
Victor R. Savage 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2003,24(1):61-85
To celebrate the 50th anniversary of the Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography and the 75th anniversary of the teaching of geography in the Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, the home of the Journal, this article, based on personal reflections and "objective" academic materials, provides an overview of developments in geography in the Department and Journal. The paper argues that the department's and Journal's"identities", since the post-World War II period, have been shaped by Singapore's changing domestic politics, the changing university academic environment, the personalities and academic interests of heads of the department and the Journa's editors, the state of the changing regional and global political economic environment, and the individual research interests of faculty in the department, and reflects a complex mix of colonial/post-colonial, modern/post-modern, North-South and East-West discourses. While a defined Singapore school of geography has yet to emerge, the article shows that both the department and the Journal have made major strides in meeting the challenges of globalisation and, in the process, have gained international visibility and academic legitimacy. In particular, the Journal has consolidated its position as a major voice for academics in lesser developed countries, its platform for "tropical world" discourse and maintaining its edge in the colonial/post-colonial and modern/post-modern discourses of states within the tropics. 相似文献
17.
社会变革和制度文化制约下的“多尺度嵌入”——以缅甸莱比塘铜矿项目为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
“一带一路”倡议的深入推进加速了中国企业对外投资的步伐。而对于这些“走出去”的企业而言,往往面临着东道国社会环境及治理结构变革、制度制约、文化冲突等多重挑战。此前经济地理学提出的“主动嵌入”和“被动嵌入”,并不能完全解释“一带一路”倡议背景下中国企业在“走出去”过程中所呈现的“外资”与东道国治理结构、地方制度文化环境之间的复杂相互作用关系。本研究构建了“全球-国家-地方”多尺度嵌入的分析框架,以缅甸莱比塘铜矿为例,阐释企业如何通过多样化制度创新,顺应东道国的社会变革,突破制度和文化的制约,从而取得政府、企业、当地社区“多赢”局面的合作模式,从而从新的视角理解制度的多尺度性和尺度之间的相互作用。研究发现：尺度要素之间存在耦合关联作用,且作用模式有不同的组合,同时多个尺度要素的嵌入和影响过程也存在时序效应。最后,结合莱比塘案例,为中国企业“走出去”提出了政策建议。 相似文献
18.
在梳理国内外城市规划评估体检实践与研究进展、总结北京城市体检评估机制的基础上,构建北京“四个中心”建设体检评估的框架,基于国际比较视角遴选指标定性定量分析相结合进行体检评估。体检评估结果表明：① 北京的全国政治中心服务保障能力显著提升,展现出大国首都形象;② 北京的全国文化中心地位进一步增强,但公共文化服务供给能力与世界知名城市存在差距,缺少具有国际影响力的文化品牌;③ 虽然国际交往环境及配套服务水平不断提升,但北京的国际组织规模影响力与大国首都地位不匹配,对国际游客的吸引力不强;④ 尽管北京已初步建成具有全球影响力的科技创新中心,创新对高质量发展支撑能力待增强。未来,北京应当坚持以首都发展为统领,大力加强“四个中心”功能建设、提高“四个服务”水平,提升在全球城市体系中的地位,扩大北京作为大国首都在世界的影响力。北京城市体检应重视城市定位体检、加强各参与方的交流合作、拓宽体检评价的国际视野、动态调整体检评价指标、探索高频时空数据分析技术的应用。 相似文献
19.
Matthew Sparke 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2003,24(3):373-389
In this paper, I examine the ways in which widely reproduced discourses and theories about globalisation elide American dominance. Drawing on arguments about enframing made by Timothy Mitchell in his postcolonial analysis of Egypt's colonisation, I suggest that one significant cause of this elision relates to a commonplace imagined geography of globalisation that enframes economic interdependency as constitutive of a smooth, decentred and somehow levelled global space of flows. I argue that this imagined geography is structured into dominant political-economic forms of practice and governance, and that in this way it both enables and elides American dominance. Notwithstanding this force in the world, and notwithstanding the tendency of many commentators on globalisation to ignore American dominance, recent events have made such elisions more difficult. I therefore suggest that we need to do more to theorise how American dominance is interwoven with economic globalisation. 相似文献
20.
尺度理论视角下的“一带一路”战略解读 总被引：23，自引：7，他引：16
目前,“一带一路”已成为中国的核心发展战略之一。借鉴尺度重构和尺度政治理论,分析“一带一路”战略的内涵、影响和风险。研究发现“一带一路”战略重构了现有的国家角色和地域形式,催生了以跨国基础设施为基础、以资本和经贸合作为支撑的新尺度。该尺度一方面被国际和国内的资本和权力关系不断重构,另一方面也在重构着现有的权力关系和资本积累过程。还从尺度政治视角出发探讨了“一带一路”战略中的风险因素。在国际层面,中国既面临着基于多边国际关系和地方抵抗的尺度上推力量,也面临着基于旧有边界和尺度化表达的尺度下推因素。在国内,“一带一路”战略既面临着地方政府基于政策争夺和地方保护主义产生的重复建设问题,也存在疆独势力等通过国际联系复杂化地方趋势的风险。为了更好地推行“一带一路”战略,中国必须积极应对这些尺度政治的挑战,深入研究尺度政治的机制和破解之道,努力化解海外投资、国际合作和地方治理中的风险。 相似文献