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1.
A method of combining hydrochemical data logging and in situ titrating with measurement of stable carbon and oxygen isotopes was used to reveal the hydrochemical and isotopic characteristics in the Baishuitai travertine scenic area of SW China. It was found that the travertine-forming springs have a very high concentration of calcium and bicarbonate, and accordingly very high CO2 partial pressures, which are not likely to be produced by biological activity in soil alone. Further analysis of the stable carbon isotopes of the springs shows that the high pressure of CO2 is mainly related to an endogenic CO2 source. That means the Baishuitai travertine is endogenic in origin. This is contrast to the commonly accepted saying that the travertine deposition in this study simply is a product of warm and humid conditions in a karst ecological environment. Rapid CO2 degassing from the water is triggered by the much higher partial pressures in water than that of the surrounding air. Consequently, as the waters flow downstream of the spring the pH increases, the waters become supersaturated with respect to calcite, and travertine is deposited. The preferential release of 12CO2 to the atmosphere results in a progressive increase of travertine 13C downstream. This is concluded with a preliminary discussion of variation in travertine-forming water temperatures, according to differences in stable oxygen isotopic compositions of the travertine formed in different epochs at Baishuitai. It was found that the change in water temperature is as high as 13 °C, i.e., from 23 °C at about 2500 years b.p., to 10 °C at present. This may mainly reflect that the effect of geothermal source on water temperature is decreasing. The problems involved in paleoenvironmental reconstruction with endogene travertine are also discussed. They are the impacts of "dead carbon" in radiocarbon dating and the enrichment in 13C of travertine by endogenic CO2 and degassing of CO2 from water, which has to be considered in paleovegetation reconstruction when using 13C data of the endogene carbonate deposits.  相似文献   

2.
Secondary carbonate formations, such as travertine and calcareous tufa deposits, are important archives for quaternary continental climate studies and archaeology. The extremely complex growth mechanisms result in some serious problems for precise mass spectrometric uranium-series dating. Often, detrital and organic particles contaminate the carbonate and large pore volumes yield a great potential for open system behavior. We utilized microscopic, mineralogical and geochemical methods prior to sample selection to determine the abundance of primary calcite, i.e. micrite and spar. Furthermore, the state of alteration was characterized by cathodoluminescence and trace-element analysis. We conclude that travertine and calcareous tufa are appropriate for precise U-series age determination if a) micrite and/or spar are the dominant phases; b) cathodoluminescence of both phases is weak or absent; c) Fe and Al levels are low; and d) Sr concentrations are close to the average of the studied site. We mapped and sampled solely areas of major micrite/spar abundance having minor alteration for accurate U-series dating. When this new method was applied, travertines located in eastern Germany (sites Bad Langensalza, Burgtonna and Weimar-Ehringsdorf) gave single 230Th/238U-ages consistent with the lithological growth sequence and greatly improved compared to previously published chronologies. In addition, we determined 230Th/U isochron ages on bulk samples that confirm our single ages. In contrast to primary calcite, pore cements are homogeneously distributed throughout the travertine fabric and reflect early diagenetic processes and/or weathering.  相似文献   

3.
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4.
In the Kurai fault zone, travertine forms a matrix cementing clastic material of colluvial and glacial deposits or rarely forming a stockwork in a system of fractures in Palaeozoic rocks. The regular change of composition of solutions in the process of travertine formation has resulted in change of stable Mg–calcite by Sr–aragonite. According to the carbon isotopic composition, the travertine has intermediate genesis between thermal and meteogene. The light oxygen isotopic composition of CaCO3 indicates formational water input. The carbonates inherited Y, Sr, U, and Ni and in some areas, V, As, and Zn from the endogeneous water sources. Given that the Kurai zone travertine cements the Late Pleistocene–Holocene sediments and 14C dating of the carbonates gives a range of >40 000–3475 ± 35 years, the faults serving as routes of migration of the solutions forming the travertine should be considered as active structures.  相似文献   

5.
中国四川黄龙钙华不仅具有重要的旅游价值,其有机碳含量对确定区内钙华沉积规律和环境生物的作用与贡献也具有重要意义。钙华有机碳测定的前提是有效去除无机碳,较好保留有机组分并测定,才能够准确地为生物参与钙华沉积提供依据。本文采用酸溶法、消解法、容量法对钙华有机碳含量进行了测定,结果表明:酸溶法会改变有机碳在钙华中所占质量分数,测试结果偏高,并且相对标准偏差(RSD)为23.73%~30.95%,精度较差;消解法对黑色、黄色两种钙华有机碳的测试较为准确,但对白色钙华的测试精度不够理想;容量法测试结果的RSD为3.27%~11.11%,在测定时受钙华组分中干扰物质和外界因素影响。通过横向对比这3种方法的优缺点和测试误差来源,认为消解法适用于钙华有机碳测定。  相似文献   

6.
In order to determine the geochemical evolution of a freshwater limestone cave system located in central Switzerland (Hell Grottoes at Baar/Zug,) young postglacial tufaceous limestone and travertine precipitates were investigated using the 230Th/234U ingrowth system. Additional analyses of further radionuclides within the 238U decay chain, i.e. 226Ra and 210Pb, showed that the Th/U chronometer started with insignificant inherited 230Th over the entire formation period of the travertine setting (i.e. 230Th(0)=0). A contribution from detrital impurities with 230Th/234U in secular equilibrium could be precisely subtracted by applying isochron dating of cogenetic phases and recently formed travertine. The resulting precise 230Th/234U formation ages were found to be consistent with the geological stratigraphy and were furthermore used to demonstrate the applicability of the next geologically important chronometer in the 238U-decay series, based on decay of excess 226Ra normalized to the initial, i.e.226Raex/226Ra(0). This system is suitable for dating phases younger than 7000 yr when the correction of a detritus component increasingly limits the precision of the 230Th/234U chronometer. Analytical solutions of the coupled 234U/230Th/226Ra radionuclide system predicted that the 226Raex/226Ra(0) chronometer is independent of the actual 230Th activity build up from decay of 234U, if the systems starts with zero inherited 230Th(0). The data set confirmed this hypothesis and showed furthermore that the initially incorporated 226Ra excess must have remained almost uniform in all limestone over a period of at least 7000 yr, i.e. 4–5 half-lives of 226Ra. This is concluded because (i) the 226Raex/226Ra(0) ages agreed well with those derived from 230Th/234U, (ii) all data plot within uncertainty on the 226Raex/226Ra(0) decay curve and (iii) the atomic Ba/Ca ratio was found to be constant in the travertine material independent of the sample ages. Provided that such boundary conditions hold, 226Raex/226Ra(0) should be applicable to materials which are suitable for 230Th/234U dating in sedimentology and oceanography, i.e. travertine, corals, phosphorites, etc., and should strongly support 230Th/234U for samples that have been formed a few thousand years ago.  相似文献   

7.
The isotopic composition of calcite from travertine deposits of the Tokhana-Verkhnii hot spring in the Elbrus area shows broad variations in δ13C and δ18O (from +3.8 to +16.3‰ and from +24.6 to +28.1‰, respectively). The δ13C and δ18O values increase toward the sole of the travertine dome. The isotopically heaviest carbonates (δ13C of up to +16.3‰) were found near the bottom of the dome and composed ancient travertine, which are now not washed by mineral water. The scatter of the δ13C values of the fresh sample is slightly narrower: from +3.8 to +10‰. Calculations indicate that all carbonates of the Tokhana dome were not in equilibrium with spontaneous carbon dioxide released by the spring (\(\delta ^{13} C_{CO_2 } \) = ?8‰). To explain the generation of isotopically heavy travertine, a physicochemical model was developed for precipitation of Ca carbonates during the gradual degassing of the mineral water. The character of variations in the calculated δ13C values (from +5.5 to +13‰) is in good agreement with the tendency in the variations of the δ13C in the carbonate samples. The calculated and measured pH values are also consistent. Our results demonstrate that the isotopic composition of large travertine masses can be heterogeneous, and this should be taken into account during paleoclimatic and paleohydrogeological reconstruction.  相似文献   

8.
The recent discoveries of deeply buried Cretaceous reservoir bodies in the Atlantic Ocean revealed that relationships between the distribution of spring carbonate deposits and faults are poorly understood. The well‐exposed Quaternary deposits at Obruktepe (Denizli Basin, Turkey) provide an opportunity to reconstruct the three‐dimensional sedimentary architecture of such a system. Integration of sedimentological, lithofacies and geochemical analyses reveals complexity in the lateral relationships between sedimentary environments, faults and geothermal spring carbonates. Five environmental systems are distinguished based on the lithofacies analysis: (i) vent; (ii) smooth slope; (iii) travertine‐terrace; (iv) tufa‐barrage; and (v) flood systems. Encrusting, baffling and settling sedimentary processes are reflected in data acquired at several scales, from lithofacies observations to the morphology and arrangement of geobodies, together with microfabrics and stable carbon and oxygen isotope data. Mean values of +4·9‰ δ13C and −8·74‰ δ18O Vienna PeeDee Belemnite reflect geothermal circulation of springwaters. The environmental distribution and lithofacies indicate a lateral continuum between travertine and tufa deposits within this hot spring system. This finding supports two depositional models in which water flow variation is the main control on both CaCO3 precipitation and the resulting formation of travertine and tufa. The proposed models address the factors responsible for the development of these complex mound‐shaped carbonate spring deposits, and how they are related to fluid circulation at depth and in association with faults.  相似文献   

9.
本文总结了钙华体次生有机体系中生物群落特征和界面结晶行为,根据生物在碳酸盐沉积中的角色,将钙华体中次生有机体系的界面结晶矿化类型分为生物控制矿化沉积和生物诱导矿化沉积。分述了碳酸钙沉积矿化相关的五种生物代谢活动,讨论了生物胞外聚合物（EPS）对碳酸钙矿物晶型和形貌的影响。针对目前钙华研究中存在的问题,今后应深入研究生物体主要构成元素、生物小分子和生物体内部组织在钙华形成或退化中的作用,进一步厘清钙华体与次生有机体系的多界面溶化方式,为钙华保护修复及钙华退化治理措施提供科学依据。   相似文献   

10.
Several geothermal fields are located in a NE-SW trend along a structural lineament around the Sivas basin; one of those is the Ortaköy travertines situated 83?km south-west of Sivas. There are eight fissure-ridge-type travertine localities in the area, although eroded-sheet-type travertines constitute many of the travertines of the region. By evaluating the rocks of the Late Miocene-Early Pliocene K?z?l?rmak Formation, it was determined that fissure axes developed within fissure-ridge-type travertines, and that the structural elements obtained from satellite images together with the fissures that form the fissure-ridge-type travertines are shear and tension fissures, and the NE-SW-oriented opening of the fissures, were a result of NW-SE-directed compression, which was also responsible for the formation of the Sivas Backthrust. Ground-penetrating radar studies have shown that the thickness of fissure fills within the fissure-ridge-type travertines of the Ortaköy geothermal field increase with depth, and that the hydrothermal fluids which brought about the formation of the travertines moved surfaceward via fissure systems. The results of U/Th radiometric dating indicate that the youngest travertine in the region is 17,761 (?268/+269) years old and the oldest 128,286 (?3537/+3662) years old. Using the widths of banded travertines within the fissure-ridge-type travertines as well as these age results, the opening rate of the Sivas Basin was determined to be .06 (?.01/+.05) mm/year.  相似文献   

11.
The Jifei hot spring emerges in the form of a spring group in the Tibet–Yunnan geothermal zone, southwest of Yunnan Province, China. The temperatures of spring waters range from 35 to 81°C and are mainly of HCO3–Na·Ca type. The total discharge of the hot spring is about 10 L/s. The spring is characterized by its huge travertine terrace with an area of about 4,000 m2 and as many as 18 travertine cones of different sizes. The tallest travertine cone is as high as 7.1 m. The travertine formation and evolution can be divided into three periods: travertine terrace deposition period, travertine cone formation period and death period. The hydrochemical characteristics of the Jifei hot spring was analyzed and compared with a local non-travertine hot spring and six other famous travertine springs. The results indicate that the necessary hydrochemical conditions of travertine and travertine cones deposition in the Jifei area are (1) high concentration of HCO3 − and CO2; (2) about 52.9% deep source CO2 with significantly high value; (3) very high milliequivalent percentage of HCO3 − (97.4%) with not very high milliequivalent percentage of Ca2+ (24.4%); and (4) a large saturation index of calcite and aragonite of the hot water.  相似文献   

12.
弄清钙华生物沉积作用有助于更好地理解钙华微岩相结构和地球化学特征的气候环境指示意义。总结和综述了与钙华沉积相关的生物群落、生物成因钙华微岩相结构、钙华生物沉积作用过程及其对钙华地球化学特征影响的研究进展,并展望了未来的研究重点。细菌、藻类和苔藓等广泛参与到钙华沉积中,形成了许多不同类型的孔隙结构、晶体结构和纹层结构。生物沉积过程主要包括:①生物生长扰动水流使得CO2逸出;②代谢作用(如光合作用)过程诱导碳酸钙沉积;③"表面控制"过程影响晶体成核及生长。生物沉积作用驱动了元素的迁移转化,对沉积水体和钙华地球化学特征具有重要影响。钙华在地球生物学研究中具有重要潜力,未来需要加强现代钙华沉积中的物理化学和生物过程相互作用机制及其各自贡献的量化研究,以便准确地解译钙华沉积记录。  相似文献   

13.
《Geodinamica Acta》2013,26(2):95-105
Abstract

The neotectonic characteristics of the travertines that outcrop near Cambazli Village to the west of the Gediz Graben in the Western Anatolia and the age determination of the travertine were carried out using the 230Th/234,238U disequilibrium method. The Cambazli fissure ridge travertines represent the travertine depositions that develop at a transfer zone. The extent of these travertines is at NW-SE and NE-SW orientations and the ridge crest-trend of these travertines range between approximately 55° and 82° and they are located at an intersecting position. The evaluation of the fissure ridge travertine directions indicated that the compression stress that was responsible for the deposition of the Cambazli travertine was determined to be in the N-S orientation and the extensional stress was determined to be in the E-W orientation. The orientation of the dominant extension in Western Anatolia during the neotectonic period was N-S and this orientation is not in accordance with the directions of stress for the travertines. This situation indicates that the travertines were deposited along a transfer zone in N10W orientation between two normal faults. The travertines were determined to be active since the Upper Pleistocene as indicated by the age determination conducted using the 230Th/234,238U disequilibrium method. The dilation rate of the travertines during dilation and the post-dilation period and the average dilation rate of the Cambazli travertines to the north of the Gediz Graben were calculated as 0.01–0.02 mm yr?1 during deposition and as 0.05 mm yr?1 during the post-dilation period. These dilation rates indicate lower tectonic activity along the northern ridge of the Gediz Graben than along the southern ridge.

© 2011 Lavoisier SAS. All rights reserved  相似文献   

14.
世界自然遗产-四川黄龙钙华景观的形成与演化   总被引：15，自引：4，他引：11  
本文对作者十余年来在四川黄龙(世界遗产地)的钙华研究成果和最新的一些监测发现进行了综述, 目的是为公众更好地了解黄龙、保护黄龙提供科学基础。主要结果和结论是: (1)黄龙钙华的形成是由于地球深部高分压的CO2在碳酸盐岩补给区产生富含碳酸氢钙的地下水, 当其以泉的形式出露地表时, 由于泉水的CO2分压远远高于空气, 泉水中的CO2大量逸出, 结果导致碳酸钙过饱和而发生沉积; (2)黄龙钙华的颜色以黄色为主色调, 主要是在雨季因雨水冲刷土壤向水中混入泥沙的缘故; 而在旱季, 钙华主要形成于清亮干净的泉水, 因此, 钙华的颜色呈现出纯净碳酸钙沉积的本色-白色。这也是黄龙洞钙华剖面年层中出现黄-白相间亚层的原因; (3)高精度的铀-钍同位素测年表明, 黄龙钙华主体是全新世以来形成的; (4)地表水向地下河的漏失是黄龙地表水日益减少, 导致钙华体表面干涸, 从而气生蓝藻大量滋生, 致使某些钙华变黑的主要原因, 因此, 有必要尽早采取防渗补水措施; (5)旅游活动已对黄龙钙华景观产生影响, 包括上游人为践踏使下游钙华池淤塞, 以及磷酸盐污染使硅藻等过度繁殖和钙华沉积速率可能降低等, 因此, 必须尽早采取相应防控措施。  相似文献   

15.
《Applied Geochemistry》2000,15(8):1191-1201
The impact of climatic and vegetation conditions over the past 15 Ka on the chemical composition and 14C dating of groundwater from the Franconian Albvorland aquifer system is discussed. Seven groundwaters over a flow distance of 25.5 km are investigated. Groundwater dating is made by 14C of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and aqueous fulvic acid as well as 18O. 14C dating via fulvic acid gives groundwater ages consistent with climatic and vegetation records and variations in the groundwater composition. No correction for geochemical processes is required, since under these geochemical conditions fulvic acid remains stable over this time period and flow-distance. On the other hand, 14C dating via DIC requires correction of the 14C value due to perturbation by different geochemical processes. Up to a groundwater flow distance of approximately 17 km and an age of about 10 Ka, the 14C dating by DIC shows considerable dependence on the 14C-correction model applied. Beyond this groundwater age, 14C-DIC dating results in an overestimation by two to three 14C half-lives (T1/2=5730 a). This deviation may result from different groundwater recharge conditions at the end of the past glaciation and geochemical processes acting on DIC that cannot be adequately characterized. The present study has implications for humic substance mediated transport of pollutants in natural aquatic systems over long time periods.  相似文献   

16.
Quaternary travertine capping the metamorphic (cement) zones in Uleimat Quarries, central Jordan, has been precipitated from hyperalkaline paleogroundwaters. Such waters are similar to the cement pore water and to the present day hyperalkaline seepages (pH 12.5) in Maqarin, north Jordan. The isotopic depletions observed in Uleimat travertine, with δ13C values as low as −25.45‰, suggest that they have been precipitated during CO2 uptake by highly alkaline calcium hydroxide waters. The travertine in Uleimat Quarries indicates a long-term analog of carbonation and remobilization of silica in cementitious barriers for radioactive waste repositories. The presence of Cr-rich smectites and relatively high levels of Cr (4.1%), V (657 ppm), Ni (163 ppm), Zn (634 ppm) and U (34 ppm) in the green travertine and the associated opaline silica phases suggests the use of the Uleimat travertines as analogs with the repository disturbed zone. Smectites and silica phases are expected to be a sink for alteration products in the late stage evolution of a high pH plume. Co-precipitation of these elements in mineral phases is of great importance to control the concentration of these elements in groundwater.  相似文献   

17.
Formation of travertines from continental waters requires very special conditions. Their porous, cellular and concretionary appearance is often due to calcite incrustations on plants. Therefore the high porosity beside a very low concentration of detrital silicates must be related to a high rate of calcite accumulation (0.1 to 1 mm/year). A high rate of sedimentation from high Ca-concentrations (>0.01%) does not occur in normal continental waters equilibrated with the atmospheric carbon dioxide.Formation of travertines is probably not an indicator of special climatic conditions as often assumed but is related to a special chemical composition of fresh waters. Creeks with continuous travertine deposition, investigated by us, contain about 200 ppm Ca. This is more than ten times the normal concentration of average continental waters. Bicarbonate concentration in these waters is five times that of equilibrium with atmospheric carbondioxide. Many of the productive waters are characterized by high sulfate concentrations and Sr/Ca-ratios (1000 Sr/Ca ranges from 9 to 22; seawater: 20).Except one from the Schwäbische Alb 15 samples (Leine-valley, Teutoburger Wald, Thüringen) are high in sulfate and Sr/Ca-ratio to be accumulated in waters with remarkable concentrations in the respective elements. The Sr/Ca-ratios cannot be explained from dissolved limestones underlying the exposed areas. The assumption of dissolution of gypsum beds very well explains our observations and data. From the S32/S34 ratio an origin from Zechstein (Upper Permian), Muschelkalk (Middle Triassic) or Keuper (Upper Triassic) deposits respectively can be assumed. Like other freshwater limestones the travertines under investigation differ from marine carbonates by their light carbon (mean C13 –8,1) from decomposed organic matter and their light oxygen (mean O18 –6,7) from exchange with freshwaters. The discrimination freshwater- and marine limestones in oxygen isotopes is only valid for those of low age (Upper Mesozoic to Recent).Hence the special conditions of travertine formation are related to bicarbonate spring waters which have circulated on faults where they could dissolve gypsum (and/or calcite) from subsurface beds.Additional examples of travertine deposits from Czechoslovakia (Zyka, 1958), Lüneburger Heide (NW Germany), Italy (Tivoli near Rom) and Jugoslavia can be explained as formations of either sulfate-bicarbonate or of bicarbonate waters.

Wir danken der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft für Beihilfen zu dieser Arbeit.  相似文献   

18.
Seasonal and spatial variations in the δ13C and δ18O values of the modern endogenic (thermogene) travertine deposited in a calcite-depositing canal at Baishuitai, Yunnan, SW China were examined to understand their potential for paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental implications. The sampling sites were set in the upstream, middle reach and downstream of the canal, and the modern endogenic travertine samples were collected semimonthly to measure their δ13C and δ18O values. It was found that both δ13C and δ18O values of the endogenic travertine were low in the warm rainy season and high in the cold dry season, and correlated with each other. The low δ18O values in warm rainy season were mainly related to the higher water temperature and the lower δ18O values of rainwater, and the low δ13C values are caused by the dilution effect of overland flow with low δ13C values in the warm rainy season and the reduced CO2-degassing of canal-water caused by the dilution effect of the overland flow. The linear negative correlation between the travertine δ18O (or δ13C) values and rainfall amount may be used for paleo-rainfall reconstruction if one knows the δ18O (or δ13C) values of the fossil endogenic travertine at Baishuitai though the reconstruction was not straightforward. It was also found that there was a progressive downstream increase of the δ18O and δ13C values of the travertine along the canal, the former being mainly due to the preferential evaporation of H216O to the atmosphere and the latter to the preferential release of 12CO2 to the atmosphere during CO2-degassing. However, the downstream increase of the travertine δ18O and δ13C values was less intensive in rainy season because of the reduced evaporation and CO2-degassing during the rainy season. To conclude, the downstream travertine sites could be more favorable for the paleo-rainfall reconstruction while the upstream travertine sites are more favorable for the paleo-temperature reconstruction. So, this study demonstrates that endogenic travertine, like epigenic (meteogene) tufa, could also be a good candidate for high-resolution paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental reconstruction.  相似文献   

19.
A continuous high-resolution (monthly) record of stable isotopes (δ13C and δ18O) in a well-laminated freshwater travertine deposited at Baishuitai, SW China from May 1998 to November 2001 was presented. The travertine exhibits clear annual bands with coupled brown/white color laminations. Throughout field investigation, it was found that the thin (1.5–2.2 mm), brown porous lamina was formed in the monsoonal rainy season from April to September, whereas the thick (5–8 mm), dense white lamina was formed in the dry season from October to March. The comparisons of lamina thickness and stable isotope signals in the travertine with the meteorological records allow us to constrain the relevant geochemical processes in the travertine formation under different climate conditions and to relate climate variables to their physicochemical proxies in the travertine record. Sympathetic variations in lamina thickness, δ13C and δ18O along the sampled profile reflect changes in hydrogeochemistry, showing that thin lamina and low δ13C and δ18O values occur in warm and rainy seasons. The decreased amount of calcite precipitation and low δ13C values during the warm and rainy seasons is caused by dilution of overland flow after rainfall. The low δ18O values are believed to be related to the rainfall amount effect in subtropical monsoonal regions. This process is thought to be markedly subdued whenever the amount of rainfall is lower than a given threshold. Accordingly, distinct minima in lamina thickness, δ13C and δ18O are interpreted to reflect events with above-average rainfall, possibly heavy floods, and vice versa. This study demonstrates the potential of freshwater travertine to provide valuable information on seasonal or even monthly rainfall variations.  相似文献   

20.
Radiocarbon dating of bulk organic matter is the most commonly used method for establishing chronologies of lake sediments for palaeoclimate reconstructions on the Tibetan Plateau. However, this method is likely to be problematic because the dated material often suffers from old carbon contamination. Recently, advances in luminescence‐based chronological techniques have provided new options for dating lacustrine sediments. In the current study, we tested for the first time the applicability of a new post‐IR IRSL (pIRIR) measurement protocol for dating fine‐grained polymineral material from a deep‐lake sediment core from the central part of Tangra Yumco, on the southern Tibetan Plateau. Our results show that: (i) radioactive disequilibria in the uranium decay chain were observed in the studied lake sediments, and thus taken into account for dose rate calculation by using a dynamic modelling approach; (ii) the suitability and robustness of the pIRIR protocol measured at 150°C (pIRIR150) for our samples are confirmed by a set of luminescence characteristic tests as well as the agreement with an independent age control; (iii) turbidite deposition partly caused an insufficient resetting of luminescence signals and thus apparent overestimation in luminescence dating; (iv) compared with the luminescence‐based age‐depth model, the 14C ages of bulk organic matter from the studied core generally yielded an age difference of ～2 ka, which is attributed to hardwater reservoir effects in Tangra Yumco. This study highlights the need for multi‐dating approaches of lake sedimentary archives on the Tibetan Plateau.  相似文献   

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