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1.
John S. Lively Zena Kaufman Edward J. Carpenter 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1983,16(1):51-68
The phytoplankton ecology of Great South Bay, New York, was studied over a 1-year period. The study area, a large barrier island estuary (coastal lagoon with estuarine circulation), was characterized by high levels of inorganic nutrients, high turbidity and a shallow euphotic zone (<2 m). Net annual primary production by phytoplankton was high—450 g C m?2 year?1—and accounted for approximately 85% of the total ecosystem primary production. Chlorophyll a-specific productivity was dependent on mean photic zone light intensity in areas of the bay <1 m in depth from September 1979 through June 1980; 65–95% of the total light extinction in those areas was attibutable to suspended solids. Nitrogenous nutrient concentration did not limit phytoplankton productivity. Diatom and dinoflagellate cell densities varied greatly over time, while cryptomonad and chlorophyte species were abundant throughtout the year. Chlorophytes of 2–4 μm (‘small forms’) were numerically dominant, and contributed approximately half of the total phytoplankton biomass. Dilution of bay water by intruding ocean water appeared to control the spatial distribution of chlorophyll a on the south side of the bay; in other areas, growth appeared to exceed the rate of dilution by flushing. Waters entrained in eelgrass beds were significantly higher in salinity and mean photic zone light intensity, and had lower phytoplankton standing stock and depth-integrated primary production than control areas; waters in the sediment plume of active clamdigging boats were statistically similar to control areas with respect to water quality and phytoplankton community characteristics. 相似文献
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2002年夏季南极普里兹湾及其邻近海域浮游植物现存量、初级生产力粒级结构和新生产力研究 总被引：9，自引：3，他引：6
2002年1～2月,在南极普里兹湾及其北部海区对浮游植物生物量、优势种类组成、细胞丰度、初级生产力和新生产力的观测结果表明,叶绿素a浓度、初级生产力和新生产力的高值均出现在湾内及湾口陆架区,并且远高于陆坡和深海区.湾内和湾口陆架区表层叶绿素a浓度均高于1 mg/m3,平均为(2.34±0.85)mg/m3,而陆坡区和深海区平均只有(0.19±0.14)和(0.15±0.05)mg/m3.湾内和陆架区平均初级生产力[(355.8±192.1)mg/(m2·d)]高于陆坡区[(82.0±20.8)mg/(m2·d)]和深海区[(100.5±83.4)mg/(m2·d)].在陆坡和深海区初级生产力的粒级结构以微微型浮游生物(<2 μm)对初级生产力的贡献最大(分别为49.6%和46.2%),湾内和陆架区则以小型浮游生物(为20～280 μm)的贡献为主(66.2%).在湾内和湾口陆架区同时具有较高的新生产力和再生生产力. 相似文献
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大规模增养殖区柘林湾叶绿素a的时空分布 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9
柘林湾是粤东一个大规模海水增养殖区和赤潮重灾区.2001年7月至2002年7月对柘林湾及其周边水域(共设19个站位)进行的叶绿素a含量周年调查结果表明,调查海区叶绿素a站位实测值年变化为0.01~3.26 mg/m3,均值为0.56 mg/m3.平面分布的基本格局表现为湾顶黄冈河内与湾口外侧海域的叶绿素a含量明显高于湾内的,湾内外侧和东部水域的叶绿素a含量明显高于湾内内侧和湾西部的.结合同步调查的水化数据得知,柘林湾是一个高营养盐、低叶绿素的海湾,其原因可能与高密度、大规模海水增养殖业引起的水流不畅、水下光照减弱和养殖贝类的摄食等有关.柘林湾叶绿素a含量的季节变化显著,最高值出现在2001年夏季8月,最低值出现在冬季1月和2002年7月,其中2002年7月的叶绿素a含量仅为2001年7月的1/10左右.这种巨大的年际间变化显然与2001~2002年厄尔尼诺现象导致粤东地区于2002年春夏期间气候异常、干旱少雨、径流剧减和调查海区浊度大幅升高有关. 相似文献
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胶州湾沉积物中高生源硅含量的发现--胶州湾浮游植物生长硅限制的证据 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：11
从研究胶州湾沉积物中生源硅入手,利用对比分析对其限制的原因进行了探讨.研究表明,相对于邻近的黄海和渤海沉积物,胶州湾沉积物中的生源硅含量较高,在湾内外的三个站表层沉积物中生源硅的含量分别为1.58%、1.44%、1.48%,在整个柱状样中的平均含量分别为1.54%、1.48%和1.39%,属于高生源硅含量区.沉积物中BSi∶TN远远大于1,BSi∶TP也远远大于16,与水体中Si∶TN〈1,BSi∶16P〈1相反,同时沉积物中的OC∶BSi值远远小于Redfield比值（106∶16）,表明沉积物中有机质的分解速率远大于BSi的分解速率,生源硅分解的较慢.研究还发现,生源硅和有机碳的含量有明显的正相关关系,二者共同作用的结果是造成相当大的一部分BSi被埋藏,不能参与再循环,从而水体中的硅被永久地“清除”,造成水体硅的缺乏,这可能是造成胶州湾浮游植物生长硅限制的根本原因.湾外BSi较湾内低的主要原因是湾外的沉积物因其有机质含量低,且沉积物的颗粒粗而造成BSi的溶解速率比湾内的高.根据沉积物中生源硅的沉积通量和初级生产力的对比可推知,由硅藻形成的生源硅在沉降过程中平均只有15.5%被分解重新进入水体,其余的84.5%可被埋葬而形成沉积物.而胶州湾沉积物中的硅通过沉积物-海水界面返回到水体中的速率也小于生源硅的沉积速率,这进一步证明了海水中的硅不断向沉积物迁移,导致水体中硅含量持续的低水平,进而使Si成为浮游植物生长限制因子的主要原因. 相似文献
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During June 1997 cruise by R/V Science No.l, observations on temporal and spatialvariations of the size-fractionated phytoplankton standing stock and primary production were carried out in the Bohai Sea. The size-fractionated chlorophyll a (Chl a) and primary production, photosynthet-ically available radiation (PAR), as well as the related physico-oceanographic and zooplanktonic parameters were measured at five time-series observation stations representing sub-areas of the sea. Results obtained show that there were the marked features of spatial zonation of Chl a and primary production in the Bohai Sea. The values in the Laizhou Bay, the Liaodong Gulf and the Bohai Gulf were high and showed close relation with tidal fluctuations, i.e. high Chl a concentration occurred during high tide in the Laizhou Bay, and during low tide in the Liaodong Gulf and the Bohai Gulf. In the strait and the central region of the Bohai Sea, the values were relatively low and no relationship with tidal fluctuation could be foun 相似文献
7.
杭州湾——舟山渔场秋季浮游植物现存量和初级生产力 总被引：17，自引：5，他引：17
1995年9月在杭州湾和长江口至舟山海区进行了浮游植物细胞丰度、叶绿素a浓度和初级生产力的现场观测研究.结果表明,表层水浮游植物平均细胞丰度为(22.68±63.33)×104个/dm3;平均叶绿素a浓度为2.80±3.46μg/dm3,小于20μm的微型和微微型浮游生物细胞对叶绿素a的贡献占71%;平均初级生产力(C)为692.5±1192.4mg/(m2·d),小于20μm的微型和微微型浮游生物细胞对总生产力的贡献占68%.河口区悬浮物质浓度高,浮游植物光合作用受光的限制,各项生物参数与真光层深度紧密相关.生物锋区位于真光层深度10～20m、盐度26～32的长江冲淡水稀释区.同时探讨了浮游植物细胞活性(R)与光合作用同化数(AN)、叶绿素a与初级生产力、叶绿素a与海面光谱反射率的相互关系,为海洋水色遥感在初级生产力的应用研究提供科学依据 相似文献
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Studies on growth rate and grazing mortality rate by microzooplankton of size-fractionated phytoplankton in spring and summer in the Jiaozhou Bay, China 总被引：15，自引：2，他引：13
1 Introduction Phytoplankton has been considered as a dom inantprim ary producer in m arine ecosystem s, starting them arine food chain (N ing and V aulot.,2003;Sun etal.,2001; Zhu et al., 2000; N ing and V aulot, 1992). A l-though potentialfates ofphytoplankton include advec-tion,verticalm ixing,sinking and m ortality due to virallysis and grazing (B anse,1994),m ortality due to graz-ing,especially by m icrozooplankton,is generally con- μm m esh to 25-L carboys, then transpo… 相似文献
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Estimating direct and episodic atmospheric nitrogen deposition to a coastal waterbody 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Direct deposition of atmospheric nitrogen to shallow coastal embayments is usually estimated, since insufficient field measurements are available. Using Waquoit Bay (Cape Cod, MA. USA) as a case study, and a recent review of literature, we determined reasonable bounds on wet and dry inputs of inorganic and organic N. Since precipitation and wind vary daily, we explored the potential of episodic events to stimulate phytoplankton blooms. Many coastal waterbodies like Waquoit Bay are small relative to their watersheds. Nevertheless, direct deposition of NH(3), NO(3)(-), and HNO(3) is significant in the loading budget. For Waquoit Bay, direct deposition was calculated to be 7-15.5 kg total N ha(-1)yr(-1), representing 70-150% of the atmospheric N reported to reach the bay via the watershed, and 20-45% of the total N reaching the bay from all land-based sources. Episodic events were estimated to deliver up to 65 mg N m(-2)day(-1), representing a phytoplankton stock of 12.3 mg Chl m(-2), an amount unlikely to stimulate dense blooms in shallow coastal waters in the northeastern United States. 相似文献
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2017年8月对大亚湾海域浮游群落初级生产、群落呼吸代谢及其平衡特征进行了研究, 并分析了其潜在环境影响因素以及对沿岸生态系统功能与健康的指示作用。研究结果表明, 大亚湾夏季海水表层呈自养状态, 而底层呈异养状态, 群落总初级生产力(gross primary productivity, GPP)、呼吸代谢速率(community respiration, CR)与净生产力(net commutnitiy production, NCP)在表层分别为1335.36±910.12、597.86±403.30和737.50±608.22mg C·m-3·d-1; 在底层分别为43.65±37.05、216.25±147.28和-160.27±137.01mg C·m-3·d-1。海湾整体呈自养状态, 水柱平均NCP为233.41±248.88mg C·m-3·d-1; 部分沿岸水域存在异养状态。1~200μm粒级浮游生物是GPP和CR的主要贡献者。相关性分析和主成分分析显示, NCP在表层受GPP和CR共同调控, 且与浮游植物生物量和营养盐正相关; 而在底层主要受CR影响, 且与盐度正相关。大亚湾夏季群落生产代谢平衡存在明显的水平和垂向变化, NCP的区域差异与潜在波动性对该海湾生态系统稳定性及健康状况有重要的指示作用。 相似文献
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采集胶州湾表层和底层海水样品，分析了Cu、Cr、Cd、Pb、Ni、Co等痕量金属在海水中的空间分布特征及其在不同分子量溶解有机质中的分配特征，并探讨了痕量金属?溶解有机质分配机理及浮游生物活动与盐度等环境因素对该分配过程的影响。结果表明，胶州湾海水中痕量金属呈近岸浓度较高的分布特征，在湾东北部出现高值区，Cd和Pb还分别在湾口与湾中部出现高值区。胶州湾海水中痕量金属平均有70.1%分配于低分子量(<1 kDa)组分中，其中Cu和Cd低分子量组分所占平均比例分别达79.0%与77.6%，Cr、Ni和Co稍低，分别为71.5%、67.3%及66.9%，Pb则仅为58.2%。海水中的溶解有机碳也以低分子量组分为主，所占比例平均达73.1%，且光谱特征显示低分子量溶解有机质中类腐殖质含量更高，含有丰富的羧基和羟基，金属配合能力较高，导致痕量金属多分配于低分子量溶解有机质中。高分子量溶解有机质(>1 kDa)所占比例与叶绿素a浓度呈显著正相关，表明浮游植物初级生产通过释放高分子量溶解有机质影响海水痕量金属?溶解有机质的分配过程。胶州湾湾顶盐度较低海域痕量金属高分子量组分略高，可能是生物活动及陆源输入(产生更多高分子量溶解有机质)与盐度(低盐有利于高分子量有机质的稳定性)共同作用的结果。 相似文献
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北部湾浮游植物粒径分级叶绿素a和初级生产力的分布特征 总被引：19，自引：4，他引：19
1994年5月23B至6月4日现场观测了北部湾浮游植物细胞丰度、叶绿素a浓度和初级生产力的分布.测区平均叶绿素a浓度为0.94±0.45/d3.平均初级生产力(C)为351±172mg/(m2·d),浮游植物细胞丰度为0.97×104-10050×104个/m3,鉴定浮游植物4门56属176种.地理环境和水文状况的差异使上述参数分布具有明显的区域性特征,近岸区高于湾中部,测区北部高干南部;温跃层以下水层叶绿素a浓度高于上层水,周6观测站平均叶绿素a浓度湾北部(0.47±0.15g/dm3)高于湾南部(0.15±0.02dm3).北部湾水域光合浮游生物以微型和微微型细胞(小于20m)占优势,其对总初级生产力的贡献(占91%)高于对总叶绿素a的贡献(占77%). 相似文献
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Yuichiro Yamada Shinnosuke Kaga Yoshimasa Kaga Kimiaki Naiki Shiho Watanabe 《Journal of Oceanography》2017,73(1):11-24
Ofunato Bay was a semi-closed area because of the breakwater effect at the entrance; however, the breakwater was destroyed by a massive tsunami generated by the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake. Consequently, the physical environment of Ofunato Bay has been changed significantly, i.e., the modification of the stratified structure of seawater inside the bay and the intermittent intrusion of seawater outside the bay. These alterations of physical environment are considered to have an influence on the chemical and biological environment in Ofunato Bay. To elucidate the influence of the tsunami on the aquatic environment, we measured dissolved nutrients, chlorophyll a and dissolved oxygen concentrations, and heterotrophic bacteria abundance inside and outside of Ofunato Bay from 2012 to 2014, and compared these data with those obtained before the earthquake. As compared with before the earthquake, significant changes after the earthquake were (1) decrease of ammonium and phosphate concentrations, (2) increase of chlorophyll a concentration, (3) increase of dissolved oxygen concentration in the bottom, and (4) decrease of heterotrophic bacteria abundance. The collapse of the breakwater and consequential enhanced water exchange were considered to have brought the decrease of nutrient concentration inside the bay. Furthermore, washout of shellfish mariculture rafts by the tsunami decreased the shellfish biodeposits along with the elution of nutrients by heterotrophic bacteria. Decrease of cultivated shellfish further caused a decline in feeding pressure on phytoplankton and, subsequently, increased the phytoplankton biomass that contributed to the decrease of nutrients inside the bay. 相似文献
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Distribution characteristics of size-fractionated chlorophyll a, primary production and new production in the Laizhou Bay, July 1997 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The distributions of chlorophyll a concentration, primary production and new productionwere observed in the Laizhou Bay of the Bohai Sea in both spring and neap tides during July 1997. The results showed that there were marked features of spatial zonation in the surveyed area, due to the differences between the geographic environment and the hydrological conditions. Chlorophyll a, primary production and new production were all higher in spring tides than that in neap tides in the Laizhou Bay. The highest values of these parameters were encountered in the central regions of the bay. At most stations, chlorophyll a concentrations at the bottom were higher than that at the surface. The results of size-fractionated chlorophyll a and primary production showed that contributions of nano-combining pi-coplankton ( > 20 μm) to total chlorophyll a and primary production were dominant in phytoplankton community biomass and production of the Laizhou Bay. The environmental factors, primary production and new product 相似文献
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象山港海洋生态环境评价方法研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本文基于1988—2014年的监测数据,针对象山港海洋生态环境状况,建立了象山港海洋生态环境评价的科学方法,结果表明:(1)根据象山港生物生态、水质、水动力、水团提出了三类三级评价指标体系,其中水质指标的确定综合考虑了水体中主要超标物质、长时间序列的波动及变化趋势;(2)根据东海E2断面、象山港及口门监测数据统计分析确定象山港的活性磷酸盐和无机氮的环境污染变化推荐基准年分别为1993年和1992年;结合频数分析法,象山港海域活性磷酸盐和无机氮的推荐基准值分别是0.023mg/L和0.50mg/L;(3)评价分级根据生态环境现状及分区衔接确定为3个等级,其中水质指标选择2011年25%、75%所对应的营养盐浓度值为分级依据;(4)评价结果表明,2011年象山港从口门至港底生态环境分别为好、较好、一般,2014年为好、较好、一般、差;与2011年相比2014年象山港2、4、5、7、8、9区的综合环境有所下降。 相似文献
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港湾海洋环境监测站位布设方法研究——以象山港为例 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
本文在水质污染物扩散模拟的基础上结合港湾生物、水质、水团、水动力等分区特征,确定港湾监测代表单元,结合质心点计算方法,建立港湾海洋环境监测站位优化布局方法,并在象山港进行示范。结果表明:(1)象山港作为典型半封闭港湾,水交换能力较差,水团分布相对均匀,根据无机氮、活性磷酸盐水质模拟结果及港湾生态分布特征,象山港分成9个区,各区内主要水质指标及生物生态特征基本一致。(2)采用质心点计算方法,在象山港9个区及区间(分界线)共设置16个代表性站位,各站位可作为象山港落潮时无机氮、活性磷酸盐、温、盐、生物等指标的监测站位;(3)站位优化验证结果表明,优化前后2组数据之间无显著性差异,说明优化后的16个监测站位能较好地代表象山港海域的生态环境质量,其所表征的监测信息量与现有监测站位的信息量等效。 相似文献
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INTRODUCTIONComparedwithotheroceansintheworld ,thereisrelativelyhigherlevelofnutrients (ni trate ,phosphate ,silicate)intheSouthernOcean .Butprimaryproductivitiesarelow ,andnewproductionisalsoonlyinthemiddlelevelthere .Itiscommonlyconsideredthatthelowerpro ductivitiesintheSouthernOceaniscausedbylowtemperature ,lowlight,lowstabilityofwa ter,scarcityoftraceelementsuchasironandgrazingbyzooplankton (Burkilletal.,1 995) ,etc.ThemostexistedstudiesconcentratedontheAtlanticSectoroftheSouthernO… 相似文献
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胶州湾叶绿素的浓度、分布特征及其周年变化 总被引：17，自引：4，他引：13
2003年6月-2004年5月对胶州湾及邻近海域水体中叶绿素a浓度变化及其空间分布进行了周年调查.结果表明,调查海域叶绿素a全年平均浓度为2.81mg/m^3,月平均浓度变化范围为0.73-8.44 mg/m^3.整个海域叶绿素a浓度周年变化呈现双峰型,分别在夏季8月和冬季2月出现两个高峰,但是不同区域的变化幅度不同,其水平分布格局为湾内高于湾外,湾内北部高于南部.营养盐浓度变化与叶绿素a浓度的变动未发现明显的相关性,但是在局部海域硅酸盐对冬季浮游植物水华的进一步发展具有一定的限制作用.综合分析营养盐、叶绿素a和浮游动物的周年变化及其之间的关系显示,下行控制（Top-down control）在胶州湾浮游植物的数量变动中起着重要的调控作用. 相似文献
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The source and significance of two nutrients, nitrogen and phosphorous, were investigated by a modified dilution method performed on seawater samples from the Jiaozhou Bay, in autumn 2004. This modified dilution method accounted for the phytoplankton growth rate, microzooplankton grazing mortality rate, the internal and external nutrient pools, as well as nutrient supplied through remineralization by microzooplankton. The results indicated that the phytoplankton net growth rate increased in turn from inside the bay, to outside the bay, to in the Xiaogang Harbor. The phytoplankton maximum growth rates and microzooplankton grazing mortality rates were 1.14 and 0.92 d-1 outside the bay, 0.42 and 0.32 d-1 inside the bay and 0.98 and 0.62 d-1 in the harbor respectively. Outside the bay, the remineralized nitrogen (Kr=24.49) had heavy influence on the growth of the phytoplankton. Inside the bay, the remineralized phosphorus(Kr=3.49) strongly affected the phytoplankton growth. In the harbor, the remineralized phosphorus (Kr=3.73) was in larger demand by phytoplankton growth. The results demonstrated that the different nutrients pools supplied for phytoplankton growth were greatly in accordance with the phytoplankton community structure, microzooplankton grazing mortality rates and environmental conditions. It is revealed that nutrient remineralization is much more important for the phytoplankton growth in the Jiaozhou Bay than previously believed. 相似文献