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1.
The results of the study of optical properties of 13 anthracites from different parts of the world are presented in this paper. Measurements of reflectance values were made on non-oriented vitrinite grains for a minimum of 300 points per sample. The reconstruction of Reflectance Indicating Surfaces (RIS) were made by Kilby's method [Kilby, W.E., 1988. Recognition of vitrinite with non-uniaxial negative reflectance characteristics. Int. J. Coal Geol. 9, 267–285; Kilby, W.E., 1991. Vitrinite reflectance measurement — some technique enhancements and relationships. Int. J. Coal Geol. 19, 201–218]. It was found that the use of Kilby's method for strongly anisotropic materials like anthracites did not give unambiguous results. Some improvement in Kilby's method, consisting of the division of the cumulative cross-plot into several elemental components, is suggested. Each elemental cross-plot corresponds to a textural class of anthracite, which is characterized by the values of RIS main axes RMAX(k), RINT(k) and RMIN(k) (k=1,2,…n; n — number of classes). The global texture of anthracite is characterized as a RIS with main axes calculated as the weighted means of , and for each class of this anthracite.The division of cumulative Kilby's cross-plot on elemental components makes possible the calculation of new coefficients Ht and H10 characterizing the heterogeneity of the structure and texture of anthracites. The results of our study show that all anthracites have biaxial negative textures, but their heterogeneity varies in a wide range of Ht and H10 coefficients depending upon the individual coal basin.  相似文献   

2.
The objective of the study was to characterize changes of reflectance, reflectance anisotropy and reflectance indicating surface (RIS) shape of vitrinite, sporinite and semifusinite subjected to thermal treatment under inert conditions. Examination was performed on vitrinite, liptinite and inertinite concentrates prepared from channel samples of steam coal (Rr = 0.70%) and coking coal (Rr = 1.25%), collected from seam 405 of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin. The concentrates were heated at temperatures of 400–1200 °C for 1 h time in an argon atmosphere.All components examined in this study: vitrinite, sporinite and semifusinite as well as matrix of vitrinite and liptinite cokes, despite of rank of their parent coal, show, in general, the most important changes of reflectance value and optical anisotropy when heated at 500 °C, 800 °C (with the exception of bireflectance value of sporinite) and 1200 °C.After heating the steam coal at 1200 °C, the vitrinite and the semifusinite reveal similar reflectances, whereas the latter a slightly stronger anisotropy. Sporinite and matrix of liptinite coke have lower reflectances but anisotropy (Rbi and Ram values) similar to those observed for vitrinite and semifusinite. However, at 1000 °C sporinite and matrix of liptinite coke have the highest reflectivity of the studied components. The RIS at 1200 °C is the same for all components.The optical properties of the three macerals in the coking coal become similar after heating at 1000 °C. Coke obtained at 1200 °C did not contain distinguishable vitrinite grains. At 1200 °C semifusinite and vitrinite coke matrix have highest Rr values among the examined components. Maximum reflectance (Rmax) reach similar values for vitrinite and sporinite, slightly lower for semifusinite. Matrix of liptinite coke and matrix of vitrinite coke have considerably stronger anisotropy (Rbi and Ram values) than other components. RIS at 1200 °C is also similar for all components.  相似文献   

3.
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4.
In order to identify the parameters that best characterize the chemical and structural evolution of organic matter during coalification, the relationships between optical, chemical and micro-structural parameters in high-rank coals and natural graphite were studied. The samples include anthracites from Peñarroya–Belmez–Espiel Basin (Spain), Douro Basin (Portugal), and Alto Chicama Basin (Peru); and natural graphite from Canada, Mozambique, and Austria.Correlations between the following optical parameters were assessed: vitrinite random reflectance (Rr), Reflectance Indicating Surfaces (RIS) axis (RMAX, RINT and RMIN), and RIS parameters (Ram, Rev and Rst), as well as Bw and AI anisotropy parameters. Furthermore, the chemical parameters used were chosen according to their significant variation in coals, namely volatile matter, carbon, and hydrogen contents calculated in dry ash free basis (VMdaf, Cdaf, Hdaf), as well as the H/C atomic ratio. Structural organization was characterized by micro-Raman spectroscopy and XRD. Raman parameters used were the full width at half maximum (FWHM) and position of G and D1 bands on the first-order Raman spectrum, and the ID1/IG intensity area ratio. The selected XRD parameters were interlayer spacing d002, and crystallite sizes La and Lc.Results show that: (i) RMAX RIS axis seems to correlate best with chemical and micro-structural parameters; (ii) for the majority of studied samples, Hdaf and H/C atomic ratio are the only chemical parameters with significant correlations with RMAX; (iii) the FWHM of the G band of Raman spectrum shows good linear correlation with the XRD parameter d002; and, (iv) structural organization of carbon materials, as measured by trends in their optical and crystalline parameters, is influenced by their hydrogen content (daf basis) and therefore by the H/C atomic ratio.  相似文献   

5.
Greenschist facies rocks of the Poniklá Group (Ordovician-Silurian), Czech Republic, contain several types of carbonaceous matter that differ in their morphology, texture, reflectance and Raman characteristics. The first type consists of large (up to 3 mm) irregularly bound particles of low reflectance (Romin = 0.9%; Romax = 5.6%). The area ratio of the 1585 cm-1 to 1350 cm-1 Raman peaks (1.08–1.17) indicates an intermediate degree of graphitization. The formation of this type of highly porous particle, displaying a texture reminiscent of regular or needle coke, is attributed to the thermal alteration of the amorphous (structureless) kerogen of the precursor sediments. The second type consists of lamellar particles up to 30 μm thick, which can be associated with the latter or can occur independently in white mica-rich laminae. This type is characterized by high bireflectance (Romin = 0.6%; Romax = 11.9%) and by lower ratios (0.70–0.82) of the Raman peak areas. These particles are interpreted as the product of solid-state, diffusion-controlled graphitization of a chemically homogeneous organic material, e.g. of graptolite periderms. The third type consists of isometric, up to 2 mm large, commonly fractured grains and fragments which mainly occur in quartz-rich laminae. In reflected light, the texture is either homogeneous or consists of various types of anisotropic mozaics. The Raman peak area ratios (0.75–1.14) indicate a highly variable degree of structural ordering. These particles are considered as the remains of metamorphosed bitumens, accumulated in the sandy laminae of the original sediments. The fourth type consists of small particles of carbonaceous matter (maximum length 25 μm, thickness 1-2 μm), which occur adjacent to crystal faces of white micas. This type is probably the product of epitaxial growth of graphite from the gaseous phase. The results of this work indicate that the differences in the degree of graphitization of the carbonaceous matter in low-grade metamorphosed rocks can be mainly related to the initial nature of the sedimentary organic matter and to its premetamorphic history.  相似文献   

6.
The maceral and microlithotype composition of selected coals has been investigated with respect to the grinding properties, specifically Hardgrove grindability index (HGI), of the coals. The study expands upon previous investigations of HGI and coal petrology by adding the dimension of the amount and composition of the microlithotypes. Coal samples, both lithotypes and whole channels, were selected from restricted rank ranges based on vitrinite maximum reflectance: 0.75–0.80% Rmax, 0.85–0.90% Rmax and 0.95–1.00% Rmax. In this manner, the influence of petrographic composition can be isolated from the influence of rank. Previous investigations of high volatile bituminous coals demonstrated that, while rank is an important factor in coal grindability, the amount of liptinite and liptinite-rich microlithotypes is a more influential factor. In this study, we provide further quantitative evidence for the influence of microlithotypes on HGI and, ultimately, on pulverizer performance.  相似文献   

7.
一种页岩含气性热演化规律研究的模拟实验方法   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  
目前针对页岩气赋存规律研究的热模拟实验主要是沿袭常规油气热模拟方法,以粉末态样品开展模拟,研究对象为岩石生成并排出的烃类气体,这种模拟方式未明确页岩气的实质为"滞留气",并且模拟后样品无法开展扫描电镜分析,不能确定岩石孔隙结构变化规律。本文通过石英玻璃管封装块状样开展页岩生烃热模拟实验,并结合一套数据处理方法,尝试建立了一种适合页岩气研究的热模拟实验方法,研究泥页岩在不同演化阶段(Ro范围为0.596%~2.143%)不同赋存状态气体的含量以及岩石微观孔隙特征的变化情况。结果表明,泥岩及油页岩样品的排出气及解析气含量在高成熟度阶段(400℃以后)有明显增加的趋势,结合扫描电镜微观结构分析显示这是由于有机质生气量以及无机孔隙均有增加。本方法可以研究页岩热演化过程中不同赋存状态气体含量及微观孔隙结构的变化,为页岩气勘探开发提供了一种可参考的方法。  相似文献   

8.
Results of an organic petrographic study of the Kupferschiefer (Zechstein, Upper Permian) in northern Germany are presented. Because vitrinite occurs only sporadically in this black shale, the random reflectance (Rr) of a relatively high reflecting, vitrinite-like variety of bituminite was measured as a maturity parameter and the problems connected with this procedure were investigated.The main organic component is bituminite, generally with an abundance of more than 90%. Sporomorphs and algae are relatively scarce, inertinite is usually a trace component, and vitrinite is present only in some samples taken close to the coast of the Zechstein sea. Migrabitumen also occurs in small amounts in a few samples. The range of the bituminite reflectance values is often considerable and depends on rank, anisotropy, particle size, porosity, and shearing. Interpretation of the reflectance values is made difficult by differences of up to 0.4% Rr between layers within the Kupferschiefer. Hydrothermal alteration may also be present. The difference between the reflectance of the light and normal varieties of bituminite disappears between 0.9 and 1.2% Rr.Bituminite behaves in a way very similarly to vitrinite during coalification. Their reflectance is identical between 2 and 4% Rr. Below 2% Rr, the reflectance of bituminite is lower than that of vitrinite. Linear regression curves valid up to 4% Rr were calculated for Rmax versus Rr and for Rr versus Rmax. Taking certain limitations into consideration, bituminite reflectance may be used as a coalification parameter.  相似文献   

9.
Basin modelling has been used to improve understanding of the origin and temporal evolution of coal seam gas in the Hunter Coalfield of the Sydney Basin. Burial history models were produced based on data from seven boreholes located in the southern, eastern, central and western areas of the coalfield. Mean random vitrinite reflectance (Rv,r) data, derived from measurements of mean maximum reflectance (Rv,max), were used for calibration of the models. A qualitative sensitivity analysis of one model shows that varying the paleoheat flow has a greater influence on calculated Rv,r than varying the eroded overburden thickness.

The differences between the constructed models are significant enough to provide plausible explanations for regional gas distribution in the Hunter Coalfield. Coals in the south of the coalfield appear to have the greatest potential for thermogenic gas generation. Modelling has shown that areas that have low gas contents and decreased permeability have been uplifted more, and buried less, compared with areas that have high gas contents. Burial history modelling shows noticeable variations in the extent of burial and uplift, and, consequently, in thermal maturities and potential for thermogenic gas generation; together with the assessment of other coal and gas property data, it appears that present-day gas contents may partially reflect coal ranks and adsorption capacities, with late-stage biogenic gas generation replenishing CH4 volumes that were lost following uplift during the Late Cretaceous.  相似文献   

10.
A worldwide data set of more than 500 humic coals from the major coal-forming geological periods has been used to analyse the evolution in the remaining (Hydrogen Index, HI) and total (Quality Index, QI) generation potentials with increasing thermal maturity and the ‘effective oil window’ (‘oil expulsion window’). All samples describe HI and QI bands that are broad at low maturities and that gradually narrow with increasing maturity. The oil generation potential is completely exhausted at a vitrinite reflectance of 2.0–2.2%Ro or Tmax of 500–510 °C. The initial large variation in the generation potential is related to the original depositional conditions, particularly the degree of marine influence and the formation of hydrogen-enriched vitrinite, as suggested by increased sulphur and hydrogen contents. During initial thermal maturation the HI increases to a maximum value, HImax. Similarly, QI increases to a maximum value, QImax. This increase in HI and QI is related to the formation of an additional generation potential in the coal structure. The decline in QI with further maturation is indicating onset of initial oil expulsion, which precedes efficient expulsion. Liquid petroleum generation from humic coals is thus a complex, three-phase process: (i) onset of petroleum generation, (ii) petroleum build-up in the coal, and (iii) initial oil expulsion followed by efficient oil expulsion (corresponding to the effective oil window). Efficient oil expulsion is indicated by a decline in the Bitumen Index (BI) when plotted against vitrinite reflectance or Tmax. This means that in humic coals the vitrinite reflectance or Tmax values at which onset of petroleum generation occurs cannot be used to establish the start of the effective oil window. The start of the effective oil window occurs within the vitrinite reflectance range 0.85–1.05%Ro or Tmax range 440–455 °C and the oil window extends to 1.5–2.0%Ro or 470–510 °C. For general use, an effective oil window is proposed to occur from 0.85 to 1.7%Ro or from 440 to 490 °C. Specific ranges for HImax and the effective oil window can be defined for Cenozoic, Jurassic, Permian, and Carboniferous coals. Cenozoic coals reach the highest HImax values (220–370 mg HC/g TOC), and for the most oil-prone Cenozoic coals the effective oil window may possibly range from 0.65 to 2.0%Ro or 430 to 510 °C. In contrast, the most oil-prone Jurassic, Permian and Carboniferous coals reach the expulsion threshold at a vitrinite reflectance of 0.85–0.9%Ro or Tmax of 440–445 °C.  相似文献   

11.
Middle-Upper Proterozoic and Lower Paleozoic carbonate formations in northern China are well developed with an accumulative thickness of 6000–1400 m. Both seepages and oils have been found in the outcrops and drilling wells. The maturity of organic matter in these carbonate formations in obviously lower than that in southern China, as viewed from reflectance (R°), H/C (atomic ratio), the amount and distribution of hydrocarbons,T max°C and so on.T max°C may be used as a principal index for determining the maturity of organic matter in carbonate rock-covered areas. According to the results of themeasurement ofT max°C andR° for natural samples and simulating experiments on bitumens from carbonate rocks, the limitation values for oil and gas have been estimated at 455°C (R°=1.35) and 476°C(R°=2.25), respectively. On this basis, the map of organic matter maturity for the Middle-Upper Proterozoic, Ordovician, Cambrian and Carboniferous of northern China has been compiled. It has been proposed that prospects of both oil and gas are expected, with oil and condensate dominant in the Ordovician, and condensate and dry gas in the Middle-Upper Proterozoic. The Cambrian is intermediate between them.  相似文献   

12.
Marine, organic-rich rock units commonly contain little for vitrinite reflectance (VR0) measurement, the most commoly used method of assessing thermal maturity. This is true of the Lower Jurassic “Nordegg Member”, a type I/II, sulphur-rich source rock from the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin. This study examines the advantages and pitfalls associated with the use of Rock-Eval Tmax and solid bitumen reflectance (BR0) to determined maturity in the “Nordegg”. Vitrinite reflectance data from Cretaceous coals and known coalification gradients in the study area are used to extrapolate VR0 values for the “Nordegg”.Tmax increases non-linearly with respect to both BR0 and extrapolated VR0 values. A sharp increase in the reflectaance of both solid bitumen and vitrinite occurs between Tmax 440–450°C, and is coincident with a pronounced decrease in Hydrogen Index values and the loss of solid bitumen and telalginite fluorescence over the same narrow Tmax interval. This Tmax range is interpreted as the main zone of hydrocarbon generation in the “Nordegg”, and corresponds to extrapolated VR0 values of 0.55–0.85%. The moderate to high sulphur contents in the kerogen played a significant role in determining the boundaries of the “Nordegg” oil window.A linear relationship between BR0 and extrapolated VR0, as proposed elsewhere, is not true for the “Nordegg”. BR0 increases with respect to extrapolated VR0 according to Jacob's (1985) formula (VR0=0.618×(BR0)+0.40) up to VR0≈0.72% (BR0≈0.52%). Beyond this point, BR0 increases sharply relative to extrapolated VR0, according to the relatioship VR0 = 0.277 × (BR0) + 0.57 (R2 = 0.91). The break in the BR0−VR0 curve at 0.72%VR0 is thought to signifiy the peak of hydrocarbon generation and represents a previously unrecognized coalification jump in the solid bitumen analogous to the first coalification jump of liptinites.  相似文献   

13.
利用MPV—COMPACT型显微光度计对峰峰矿区通二井田煤镜质组反射率进行较系统的测试,发现井田内煤 3个光轴体主轴互相垂直,最大反射率轴倾角多数集中在 68°～69°之间,倾伏向有 3个方向,即近 280°、近 90°和近 180°。测区内煤的镜质组反射率椭球体的变形特征属于拉长型应变和压扁型应变。该井田煤镜质组反射率椭球体有限应变特征分析结果表明在煤系地层中,煤的最大镜质组反射率的方位除与区域构造应力场的作用有关外,还与其所处的局部构造位置有关。在断层附近,反射率Romax和Romin的差值随着距断层的距离增加而减小,且在断层面的两盘发生突变。这一特征有助于煤矿井下构造的预测。  相似文献   

14.
The majority of coalbed methane(CBM) in coal reservoirs is in adsorption states in coal matrix pores. To reveal the adsorption behavior of bituminous coal under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions and to discuss the microscopic control mechanism affecting the adsorption characteristics, isothermal adsorption experiments under hightemperature and high-pressure conditions, low-temperature liquid nitrogen adsorption-desorption experiments and CO2 adsorption experiments were performed on coal samples. Results show that the adsorption capacity of coal is comprehensively controlled by the maximum vitrinite reflectance(Ro, max), as well as temperature and pressure conditions. As the vitrinite reflectance increases, the adsorption capacity of coal increases. At low pressures, the pressure has a significant effect on the positive effect of adsorption, but the effect of temperature is relatively weak. As the pressure increases, the effect of temperature on the negative effect of adsorption gradually becomes apparent, and the influence of pressure gradually decreases. Considering pore volumes of pores with diameters of 1.7-100 nm, the peak volume of pores with diameters 10-100 nm is higher than that from pores with diameters 1.7-10 nm, especially for pores with diameters of 40-60 nm, indicating that pores with diameters of 10-100 nm are the main contributors to the pore volume. The pore specific surface area shows multiple peaks, and the peak value appears for pore diameters of 2-3 nm, indicating that this pore diameter is the main contributor to the specific surface area. For pore diameters of 0.489-1.083 nm, the pore size distribution is bimodal, with peak values at 0.56-0.62 nm and 0.82-0.88 nm. The adsorption capability of the coal reservoir depends on the development degree of the supermicroporous specific surface area, because the supermicroporous pores are the main contributors to the specific pore area. Additionally, the adsorption space increases as the adsorption equilibrium pressure increases. Under the same pressure, as the maximum vitrinite reflectance increases, the adsorption space increases. In addition, the cumulative reduction in the surface free energy increases as the maximum vitrinite reflectance increases. Furthermore, as the pressure increases, the surface free energy of each pressure point gradually decreases, indicating that as the pressure increases, it is increasingly difficult to adsorb methane molecules.  相似文献   

15.
Phenanthrene (PHE) and methylphenanthrenes (MPs) extracted from coaly shale and coal samples containing terrestrial organic matter are compared with the same compounds from marine shales in terms of yields and δ13C values at marginally to fully mature stages of thermal evolution. The shales derived from four boreholes in the Hils Half-Graben area, northwestern Germany, were shown to be representative of a greater number of samples from the same sites. The δ13C values of extractable PHE and MPs are less negative in the terrestrial (−24.3 to −26.0‰) than in the marine (−28.8 to −30.5‰) samples. Since these values are unrelated to mean vitrinite reflectance (Rr) values in the range of 0.5–0.9%, it appears that the stable carbon isotope composition of PHE and MPs is controlled by organic matter type rather than maturity.  相似文献   

16.
Monthly scenarios of relative humidity (R H) were obtained for the Malaprabha river basin in India using a statistical downscaling technique. Large-scale atmospheric variables (air temperature and specific humidity at 925 mb, surface air temperature and latent heat flux) were chosen as predictors. The predictor variables are extracted from the (1) National Centers for Environmental Prediction reanalysis dataset for the period 1978–2000, and (2) simulations of the third generation Canadian Coupled Global Climate Model for the period 1978–2100. The objective of this study was to investigate the uncertainties in regional scenarios developed for R H due to the choice of emission scenarios (A1B, A2, B1 and COMMIT) and the predictors selected. Multi-linear regression with stepwise screening is the downscaling technique used in this study. To study the uncertainty in the regional scenarios of R H, due to the selected predictors, eight sets of predictors were chosen and a downscaling model was developed for each set. Performance of the downscaling models in the baseline period (1978–2000) was studied using three measures (1) Nash–Sutcliffe error estimate (E f), (2) mean absolute error (MAE), and (3) product moment correlation (P). Results show that the performances vary between 0.59 and 0.68, 0.42 and 0.50 and 0.77 and 0.82 for E f, MAE and P. Cumulative distribution functions were prepared from the regional scenarios of R H developed for combinations of predictors and emission scenarios. Results show a variation of 1 to 6% R H in the scenarios developed for combination of predictor sets for baseline period. For a future period (2001–2100), a variation of 6 to 15% R H was observed for the combination of emission scenarios and predictors. The variation was highest for A2 scenario and least for COMMIT and B1 scenario.  相似文献   

17.
为了研究下扬子地区二叠系大隆组页岩孔隙结构特征,联合扫描电镜、高压压汞、N2/CO2气体吸附实验手段对页岩储层孔隙结构进行了研究。结果表明,研究区二叠系大隆组页岩孔隙类型以有机质孔、粒间孔、粒内孔、溶蚀孔和微裂缝为主;孔隙结构为多峰态-多尺度孔隙并存,微孔-介孔-宏孔都有发育,各个尺度的孔隙对孔容都有所贡献,其中以0.75～1.5 nm的微孔、10～35 nm的介孔及大于100 nm的宏孔为主。通过拟合孔体积、比表面积与埋深、有机碳(TOC)、成熟度(RO)以及矿物含量的相关性发现,微孔表面积与埋深、TOC呈正相关;微介孔体积和表面积均与RO呈负相关;宏孔体积与埋深、TOC、黏土矿物含量呈负相关,与RO呈较正相关;宏孔表面积与埋深成正比,与RO成反比。研究结果说明下扬子地区大隆组页岩孔隙发育主要受控于埋深、TOC、RO、黏土矿物含量等因素。  相似文献   

18.
A systematic investigation of the petroleum exploratory well N-13 within the Huangqiao region, Lower Yangtze Basin, East China, has been carried out using multiple analytical techniques of organic geochemistry. The past occurrence of a thermal event has been recognized based on changes in optical vitrinite reflectance (Ro), pyrolysis peak temperature (Tmax) and chemical hydrogen index (HI), potential degradation rate (D), the atomic H/C ratio and dimethylphenanthrene ratios (DPR, DPR1 and DPR2) in the sedimentary rocks. The geological significance of this thermal event is discussed in this paper.  相似文献   

19.
Organic-rich samples derived from a Middle Cambrian Formation in the Georgina Basin, and from the Middle Proterozoic of the McArthur Basin in northern and central Australia, yielded alginite ranging from immature oil shale material to overmature residue. A maturation scale has been developed based on the thermal evolution of alginite as determined from reflectance and fluorescence. The coalification path of alginite is marked by jumps in contrast to the linear path of wood-derived vitrinite. Six zones have been recognised, ranging from undermature (zone I), through the mature (zones II/III), followed by a stable stage of no change (zone IV) to the overmature (zones V and VI). The onset of oil generation in alginite as evident from the present study is at 0.3% Ro Alg. and is expressed in a change of fluorescence from yellow to brown, and a coalification jump from 0.3 to 0.6% Ro of Alg. In many boreholes zone III can be distinguished between 0.6 and 0.8% Ro of Alg. where subsequent oil generation occurs. Zones II and III represent the oil window.A zone of little or no change designated zone IV, at of alginite follows zones II/III. A marked coalification jump characterises zone V, where a pronounced change in reflectance occurs to >1.0% Ro Alg., signifying peak gas generation. The border of oil preservation lies at the transition of zone V and VI, at 1.6% Ro Alg. In zone VI gas generation only occurs.Comparison of reflectance results with experimental and geochemical pyrolysis data supports high activation energies for hydrocarbon generation from alginite, and therefore a later onset of oil generation than other liptinite macerals (i.e. cutinite, exinite, resinite) as well as a narrow oil window.Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirms that alginite does not go through a distinct intermediate stage but that the percentage of unreacted organic matter decreases as maturation proceeds. A clear distinction can be made in TEM between immature alginite, alginite after oil generation, and alginite residue following gas generation. Alginite beyond 1.6% Ro acquires very high densities and the appearance of inertinite in TEM.Bitumens/pyrobitumens make a pronounced contribution to the organic matter throughout the basins and have been shown to effect pyrolysis results by suppressing Tmax. The bitumens/pyrobitumens have been divided into four groups, based on their reflectance and morphology, which in turn appears to be an expression of their genetic history. Their significance is in aiding the understanding of the basins' thermal history, and the timing of oil and gas generation.  相似文献   

20.
Based on the tested data of pressure and vitrinite reflectance of some wells in sedimentary basins, abnormal high pressure is regarded as not the only factor to retard the increase of vitrinite reflectance (R o). Apart from the types of the organic matter, the physical environment (temperature and pressure) and chemical environment (fluid composition and inorganic elements) will result in the abnormal vitrinite reflectance values in the sedimentary basins. This paper tested trace elements and vitrinite reflectance data from the the abnormal high pressure and normal pressure strata profiles, respectively, and found that the acidic and lower salinity starta are favorable for the increase of R o. By discussing the corresponding relationship between the contents of some trace elements in the mudstone and the vitrinite reflectance values, the typical trace elements were found to suppress and/or catalyze the vitrinite reflectance of organic matter, while the elements of Ca, Mn, Sr, B, Ba and P may result in the retardation of R o. However, elements of Fe, Co, Zn, Ni and Rb may catalyze the organic matter maturation. This study is conductive to the organic maturation correction, oil and gas assessment and thermal history reconstruction by the paleothermometry. Translated from Acta Geologica Sinica, 2006, 80(11): 1760–1769 [译自: 地质学报]  相似文献   

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