共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 86 毫秒
1.
基于多期DEM数据的滑坡变形定量分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
滑坡的定量变形分析是滑坡研究中的难点问题.为揭示黑方台灌区滑坡的变形演化过程,借助1977年、1997年、2001年和2010年4个时期测制的地形图资料,以ArcGIS为平台,建立了基于多期DEM数据的滑坡变形定量分析模型,并对黑方台塬边32处滑坡分阶段进行了变形量与变形速率计算.1977-1997年,滑坡后壁后移侵蚀速率平均为4.47m/a;1997-2001年,后移侵蚀率平均为3.46m/a;2001-2010年,后移侵蚀率平均为1.10m/a.同时建立了灌溉量与滑坡变形量的相关关系式,并对滑坡的变形演化趋势进行了预测,到2015年,滑坡后壁后移距离平均为0.79m,到2020年,滑坡后壁后移距离可减少到0.20m. 相似文献
2.
近年来，国内外滑坡研究日益重视滑坡风险评估和管理技术方法的研究，但滑坡风险评估依然是存在很多问题和难点,尤其是在中等—大比例尺区域滑坡风险定量评估方面，主要表现在滑坡编录数据库建设、滑坡影响因素的识别和建模、滑坡时间、空间预测的不确定性，滑坡诱发因素动态变化的定量刻画，承灾体识别和易损性定量评价等方面。在阐述滑坡风险评估流程的基础上，围绕滑坡风险评估与制图中滑坡编录和基础数据获取与更新，危险性分析中的滑坡空间、时间概率和滑坡特征预测、损失评估中的易损性分析与定量和承灾体定量化制图等技术方法中的难点和存在的问题，概述针对这些问题所取得的研究进展，并指出了滑坡风险研究的技术发展趋势。 相似文献
3.
甘肃永靖黑方台地区灌溉诱发作用与黄土滑坡响应 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
黑方台地区自灌溉以来,诱发了大量的滑坡,但缺乏系统地对研究区的滑坡历史分析研究 在黑方台滑坡历史分析的基础上,研究灌溉引起的地下水位上升过程与滑坡的历史关系,对比分析不同时期的地下水位对滑坡稳定性、滑坡体积及后壁垮塌速度的影响.历史数据分析表明,灌溉引起的水位上升与滑坡发生的频率、体积存在明显的相关性,选取的典型滑坡稳定性计算结果显示滑坡具有多期逐级后退式特征,随着灌溉时间的增长,滑坡体积逐渐减小,但发生频率逐渐增大,基于DEM数据计算的滑坡变形也验证了计算结果.研究成果基本反演了灌溉引起的黄土滑坡历史过程,对黑方台滑坡的综合治理提供了数据支撑. 相似文献
4.
滑坡灾害风险评价的关键理论与技术方法 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
滑坡灾害风险评估主要包括滑坡敏感性分析、危险性评价和风险评估3个不同层次的内容。但是,滑坡地质灾害本身的复杂性和滑坡强度的确定、滑坡发生的时空概率估算、承灾体的易损性时空概率分析等难点问题的存在,无疑阻碍了滑坡风险定量评估的推广和应用。在系统分析国内外滑坡灾害风险评估研究成果的基础上,对滑坡灾害风险评价的技术体系进行了总结,提出了不同层次滑坡灾害的研究内容和相应的评价方法;分析了实现滑坡风险有效评价涉及到的难点问题,并结合降雨和地震诱发的滑坡灾害危险性评价国内外的实践,提出了中国未来滑坡灾害风险评价研究的主要内容和技术方法。 相似文献
5.
单体滑坡风险定量分析是风险评估的重要途径。为了探索单体滑坡风险定量评估方法,以陕西西安胥家村滑坡为例,在野外调查、室内分析测试和滑坡稳定性计算的基础上,利用可靠度方法,计算一般和强降雨2种工况条件下胥家村滑坡发生的概率;利用定量评价方法,分析各类承灾体在滑坡作用下的易损性;然后利用国际通用的单体滑坡风险计算公式,计算胥家村滑坡财产损失和人员伤亡的总风险值,定量评估滑坡的潜在威胁。研究表明,一般工况下,财产总风险为15.4万元,人员总风险为1.3人;强降雨工况下,胥家村滑坡的失稳概率成倍增加,相应的财产和人员风险也成倍增加,财产的总风险达到95.8万元,人员总风险为8.3人。 相似文献
6.
7.
滑坡运动堆积特征及其冲击强度研究对滑坡风险定量评估具有重要意义。通过对四川乐山市马边滑坡基本特征调查,利用支持向量机模型(SVM)和颗粒流方法(PFC),对滑坡岩土体细观强度参数进行反演和标定,结合UAV数据生成滑坡区高精度DEM,在此基础上,重构马边滑坡三维颗粒流数值模型,模拟并研究滑坡的运动堆积和冲击过程。结果表明:马边滑坡运动时长32 s,主滑时间16 s,运动开始5 s后速度达到峰值,为10.2 m/s;滑坡中后部岩土体运动迹线为直线型,中前部运动迹线成扩散状态,最终呈扇形堆积;滑坡在坡脚处的冲击力可达1.5×109 N,并随着坡脚距的增大,冲击力呈现出指数衰减特征。研究结果与滑坡运动过程实际视频解译结果及堆积现状基本一致,相关研究方法为滑坡定量风险评估提供借鉴。 相似文献
8.
以能量数值和空间分布作为主要区分依据,初步界定了滑坡强度与滑坡能级的概念范畴及其异同.在此基础上,分别以意大利和瑞士的单体滑坡能级评估及地震集中诱发群体滑坡的能级评估为例,综述了单体及群发滑坡的能级特征参数及其评估方法进展.简述了以滑坡产出特征评估为手段的单体滑坡强度评估技术方法;重点结合汶川地震重灾区的绵远河流域滑坡研究,分析探讨了基于滑坡密度计算的区域滑坡强度评估基本原理及关键技术问题,分别剖析了基于搜索邻域单元、流域斜坡单元、行政辖区单元及线路工程单元的滑坡点密度和面密度计算方法及流程,进而对比分析了不同评估单元及密度类型的区域滑坡强度评估技术方法的差异及其适用性,结果表明利用滑坡面密度进行区域滑坡强度评估相比利用滑坡点密度的情况更加准确可靠. 相似文献
9.
黑方台黄土泥流滑坡及发生机制研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
黑方台因农业灌溉触发了大量泥流滑坡。为了充分反映黑方台黄土泥流滑坡发育特征,首先基于IKONOS影像对黑方台泥流滑坡进行了遥感解译,随后又开展了详细野外调查工作。结果表明,黄土泥流滑坡呈流态化运移特征,滑距可达300 m以上,是黑方台危害最为严重的一类滑坡。钻探和塬边露头测量显示,研究区黄土底部黏土高程西高东低。地下水数值模拟结果显示,研究区地下水总体上由台塬西部流向地势较低的东部台缘,使得该处地下水抬升幅度要高于西部,从而造成泥流滑坡集中分布于东部台缘。为充分反映该条件下黄土泥流滑坡的破坏机制,开展了室内饱和原状黄土应力路径试验,分析研究了黄土泥流滑坡液化机制 相似文献
10.
甘肃省永靖县黑方台台塬周边区域由于黄河移民大规模农业灌溉诱发了众多黄土滑坡灾害,其稳定性分析与滑面预测可为防灾减灾提供重要支撑,显得尤为重要.黑方台黄土滑坡具有渐进后退式的失稳特征,已发生滑坡灾害与潜在滑坡灾害具有高度相似性,其反分析结果可为未来滑坡稳定性分析提供重要数据基础.选用有限差分强度折减法,通过设定3个目标优化函数（土体抗剪强度参数均值误差函数、滑面位置误差函数和稳定性系数误差函数）,基于NSGA-Ⅱ遗传算法开展稳定性反分析获取黄土的粘聚力和内摩擦角.以黑方台党川2#滑坡为例,通过第一次滑动时观测到的滑面信息,并假设其稳定性系数等于1,利用NSGA-Ⅱ算法反分析得出当滑坡发生时,天然黄土层粘聚力为28.20 kPa,内摩擦角为25.16°,饱和黄土层有效粘聚力为16.59 kPa,有效内摩擦角为16.11°.基于该反分析结果,对党川2#滑坡后续3次失稳的稳定性系数和临界滑面进行了预测,并与实际观察结果对比验证.研究结果表明,通过多目标约束优化算法开展滑坡稳定性反分析可获得更加合理的黄土强度参数估计,为黑方台地区滑坡稳定性分析和风险定量评估提供了新的解决思路. 相似文献
11.
Landslide hazard or susceptibility assessment is based on the selection of relevant factors which play a role on the slope instability, and it is assumed that landslides will occur at similar conditions to those in the past. The selected statistical method compares parametric maps with the landslide inventory map, and results are then extrapolated to the entire evaluated territory with a final product of landslide hazard or susceptibility map. Elements at risk are defined and analyzed in relation with landslide hazard, and their vulnerability is thus established. The landslide risk map presents risk scenarios and expected financial losses caused by landslides, and it utilizes prognoses and analyses arising from the landslide hazard map. However, especially the risk scenarios for future in a selected area have a significant importance, the literature generally consists of the landslide susceptibility assessment and papers which attempt to assess and construct the map of the landslide risk are not prevail. In the paper presented herein, landslide hazard and risk assessment using bivariate statistical analysis was applied in the landslide area between Hlohovec and Sered?? cities in the south-western Slovakia, and methodology for the risk assessment was explained in detail. 相似文献
12.
Landslide risk assessment is often a difficult task due to the lack of temporal data on landslides and triggering events (frequency), run-out distance, landslide magnitude and vulnerability. The probability of occurrence of landslides is often very difficult to predict, as well as the expected magnitude of events, due to the limited data availability on past landslide activity. In this paper, a qualitative procedure for assessing the exposure of elements at risk is presented for an area of the Apulia region (Italy) where no temporal information on landslide occurrence is available. Given these limitations in data availability, it was not possible to produce a reliable landslide hazard map and, consequently, a risk map. The qualitative analysis was carried out using the spatial multi-criteria evaluation method in a global information system. A landslide susceptibility composite index map and four asset index maps (physical, social, economic and environmental) were generated separately through a hierarchical procedure of standardising and weighting. The four asset index maps were combined in order to obtain a qualitative weighted assets map, which, combined with the landslide susceptibility composite index map, has provided the final qualitative landslide exposure map. The resulting map represents the spatial distribution of the exposure level in the study area; this information could be used in a preliminary stage of regional planning. In order to demonstrate how such an exposure map could be used in a basic risk assessment, a quantification of the economic losses at municipal level was carried out, and the temporal probability of landslides was estimated, on the basis of the expert knowledge. Although the proposed methodology for the exposure assessment did not consider the landslide run-out and vulnerability quantification, the results obtained allow to rank the municipalities in terms of increasing exposure and risk level and, consequently, to identify the priorities for designing appropriate landslide risk mitigation plans. 相似文献
13.
Landslide vulnerability and risk assessment for multi-hazard scenarios using airborne laser scanning data (LiDAR) 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Landslide hazard, vulnerability, and risk-zoning maps are considered in the decision-making process that involves land use/land cover (LULC) planning in disaster-prone areas. The accuracy of these analyses is directly related to the quality of spatial data needed and methods employed to obtain such data. In this study, we produced a landslide inventory map that depicts 164 landslide locations using high-resolution airborne laser scanning data. The landslide inventory data were randomly divided into a training dataset: 70 % for training the models and 30 % for validation. In the initial step, a susceptibility map was developed using logistic regression approach in which weights were assigned to every conditioning factor. A high-resolution airborne laser scanning data (LiDAR) was used to derive the landslide conditioning factors for the spatial prediction of landslide hazard areas. The resultant susceptibility was validated using the area under the curve method. The validation result showed 86.22 and 84.87 % success and prediction rates, respectively. In the second stage, a landslide hazard map was produced using precipitation data for 15 years. The precipitation maps were subsequently prepared and show two main categories (two temporal probabilities) for the study area (the average for any day in a year and abnormal intensity recorded in any day for 15 years) and three return periods (15-, 10-, and 5-year periods). Hazard assessment was performed for the entire study area. In the third step, an element at risk map was prepared using LULC, which was considered in the vulnerability assessment. A vulnerability map was derived according to the following criteria: cost, time required for reconstruction, relative risk of landslide, risk to population, and general effect to certain damage. These criteria were applied only on the LULC of the study area because of lack of data on the population and building footprint and types. Finally, risk maps were produced using the derived vulnerability and hazard information. Thereafter, a risk analysis was conducted. The LULC map was cross-matched with the results of the hazard maps for the return period, and the losses were aggregated for the LULC. Then, the losses were calculated for the three return periods. The map of the risk areas may assist planners in overall landslide hazard management. 相似文献
14.
This paper deals with landslide hazards and risk analysis of Penang Island, Malaysia using Geographic Information System (GIS)
and remote sensing data. Landslide locations in the study area were identified from interpretations of aerial photographs
and field surveys. Topographical/geological data and satellite images were collected and processed using GIS and image processing
tools. There are ten landslide inducing parameters which are considered for landslide hazard analysis. These parameters are
topographic slope, aspect, curvature and distance from drainage, all derived from the topographic database; geology and distance
from lineament, derived from the geologic database; landuse from Landsat satellite images; soil from the soil database; precipitation
amount, derived from the rainfall database; and the vegetation index value from SPOT satellite images. Landslide susceptibility
was analyzed using landslide-occurrence factors employing the probability-frequency ratio model. The results of the analysis
were verified using the landslide location data and compared with the probabilistic model. The accuracy observed was 80.03%.
The qualitative landslide hazard analysis was carried out using the frequency ratio model through the map overlay analysis
in GIS environment. The accuracy of hazard map was 86.41%. Further, risk analysis was done by studying the landslide hazard
map and damageable objects at risk. This information could be used to estimate the risk to population, property and existing
infrastructure like transportation network. 相似文献
15.
A procedure for landslide risk assessment is presented. The underlying hypothesis is that statistical relationships between
past landslide occurrences and conditioning variables can be used to develop landslide susceptibility, hazard and risk models.
The latter require also data on past damages. Landslides occurred during the last 50 years and subsequent damages were analysed.
Landslide susceptibility models were obtained by means of Spatial Data Analysis techniques and independently validated. Scenarios
defined on the basis of past landslide frequency and magnitude were used to transform susceptibility into quantitative hazard
models. To assess vulnerability, a detailed inventory of exposed elements (infrastructures, buildings, land resources) was
carried out. Vulnerability values (0–1) were obtained by comparing damages experienced in the past by each type of element
with its actual value. Quantitative risk models, with a monetary meaning, were obtained for each element by integrating landslide
hazard and vulnerability models. Landslide risk models showing the expected losses for the next 50 years were thus obtained
for the different scenarios. Risk values obtained are not precise predictions of future losses but rather a means to identify
areas where damages are likely to be greater and require priority for mitigation actions. 相似文献
16.
J. D. Jiménez-Perálvarez 《Landslides》2018,15(4):741-752
Landslide risk was assessed at the basin scale, in terms of specific landslide risk, in a region with limited information on landslide occurrence. Specific landslide risk was mapped by combining the landslide-hazard map and vulnerability of the elements at risk. The assessment of landslide hazard was based both on the spatial-temporal probability of landslide occurrence and on landslide intensity. In this regard, a major problem to resolve was the landslide-occurrence probability. Thus, several procedures were performed, including remote-sensing-based techniques, photointerpretation, dendrochronology, and press news. On the other hand, vulnerability was studied based empirically on the inferred relationship between the hazard class and the likely damage that the landslide would cause. In this way, vulnerability was shown in terms of expected degree of loss by using property-loss criteria. The results reveal that specific landslide risk in the area is mainly low, since just 2.26% of zone showed either a possible or a likely specific landslide risk. Buildings, irrigation structures, and main roads cover 2.6% of the study zone while representing approximately 80% of the specific landslide risk. By contrast, croplands cover almost 50% of the area but represent only 7.1% of specific landslide risk. The results indicate that, although this empirical methodology is subject to some level of uncertainty, it can provide reasonable estimates of specific landslide risk over a large area despite lacking information on landslide occurrence. 相似文献
17.
利用光学遥感数据、GIS及人工神经网络模型分析区域滑坡灾害(英文) 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Biswajeet Pradhan Saro Lee 《地学前缘》2007,14(6):143-152
用光学遥感数据和地理信息系统(GIS)分析了马来西亚Selangor地区的滑坡灾害。通过遥感图像解译和野外调查,在研究区内确定出滑坡发生区。通过GIS和图像处理,建立了一个集地形、地质和遥感图像等多种信息的空间数据库。滑坡发生的因素主要为:地形坡度、地形方位、地形曲率及与排水设备距离;岩性及与线性构造距离;TM图像解译得到的植被覆盖情况;Landsat图像解译得到的植被指数;降水量。通过建立人工神经网络模型对这些因素进行分析后得到滑坡灾害图:由反向传播训练方法确定每个因素的权重值,然后用该权重值计算出滑坡灾害指数,最后用GIS工具生成滑坡灾害图。用遥感解译和野外观测确定出的滑坡位置资料验证了滑坡灾害图,准确率为82.92%。结果表明推测的滑坡灾害图与滑坡实际发生区域足够吻合。 相似文献
18.
Saibal Ghosh Cees J. van Westen Emmanuel John M. Carranza Victor G. Jetten 《Landslides》2012,9(3):371-384
Landslide risk assessment is based on spatially integrating landslide hazard with exposed elements-at-risk to determine their vulnerability and to express the expected direct and indirect losses. There are three components that are relevant for expressing landslide hazard: spatial, temporal, and magnitude probabilities. At a medium-scale analysis, this is often done by first deriving a landslide susceptibility map, and to determine the three types of probabilities on the basis of landslide inventories linked to particular triggering events. The determination of spatial, temporal, and magnitude probabilities depend mainly on the availability of sufficiently complete historical records of past landslides, which in general are rare in most countries (e.g., India, etc.). In this paper, we presented an approach to use available historical information on landslide inventories for landslide hazard and risk analysis on a medium scale (1:25,000) in a perennially typical data-scarce environment in Darjeeling Himalayas (India). We demonstrate how the incompleteness in the resulting landslide database influences the various components in the calculation of specific risk of elements-at-risk (e.g., buildings, population, roads, etc.). We incorporate the uncertainties involved in the risk estimation and illustrate the range of expected losses in the form of maximum and minimum loss curves. The study demonstrates that even in data-scarce environments, quantitative landslide risk assessment is a viable option, as long as the uncertainties involved are expressed. 相似文献
19.
Landslide hazard and risk assessment on the northern slope of Mt. Changbai, a well-known tourist attraction near the North Korean-Chinese border, are assessed. This study is divided into two parts, namely, landslide hazard zonation and risk assessment. The 1992 Anbalagan and Singh method of landslide hazard zonation （LHZ） was modified and used in this area. In this way, an Associative Analysis Method was used in representative areas to get a measure for controlling factors （slope gradient, relative relief, vegetation, geology, discontinuity development, weak layer thickness and ground water）. For the membership degree of factor to slope failure, the middle range of limited values was used to calculate LHZ. Based on an estimation of the potential damage from slope failure, a reasonable risk assessment map was obtained using the relationship of potential damage and probable hazard to aid future planning and prediction and to avert loss of life. 相似文献