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1.
Paul Gonez Hung Nguyên HuuPhuong Ta Hoa Gaël ClémentPhilippe Janvier 《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2012,43(1):51-63
Several outcrops of the Late Silurian and Devonian of the Ngoc Vung Series, northern Vietnam, yielded plant remains. The Late Silurian localities delivered the earliest known flora of the South China block. Although the fossils are fragmentary, they complement our knowledge about the global composition of the flora. The major components of the flora are plants with dichotomous habit and terminal bivalvate sporangia, which are close relatives to zosterophylls, and zosterophylls. Plants with possible euphyllophyte affinities and bryophytes are occasionally present. This floral composition is similar to that of the rich, younger South China block assemblages from the Posongchong and Xujiachong Formations of China, considered Pragian in age. The South China block flora is therefore likely to have been dominated by zosterophylls and pre-zosterophylls at least from the Late Silurian to the Pragian (i.e. a 20 million years long period). It also strengthens the hypothesis that more derived plants were present on eastern Gondwana earlier that elsewhere, in the first steps of tracheophyte evolution. The Devonian localities of the Ngoc Vung Series delivered a thick fibrous stem fragment and a basal euphyllophyte. These latter plant remains provide some stratigraphic data. The large stem fragment is consistent with an Eifelian age for the Duong Dong Formation (part of the Ngoc Vung Series), as suggested by the brachiopod fauna. The accompanying basal euphyllophyte displays a combination of characters (axes 3-4 mm wide and lateral branchings) that is also consistent with an Eifelian age, but possibly more characteristic of the Emsian flora. It is therefore suggested that the stratigraphic range of the Duong Dong Formation might be extended down to the Emsian. 相似文献
2.
笔者描述了广西南宁下泥盆统布拉格阶那高岭组下部盔甲鱼类的新发现,建立了华南鱼科2 个新种——丘比特华南鱼(Huananaspis cupido sp. nov. )和梁氏亚洲鱼(Asiaspis liangi sp. nov. )。前者以头甲个体较小、不发育中背棘、两角末端超出头甲后缘等特征区别于属型种武定华南鱼(H. wudingensis),后者以头甲长大于宽、角向头甲侧后方延伸、角后缘发育锯齿、中背孔呈纵长椭圆形等特征区别于属型种宽展亚洲鱼(A. expansa)。广西南宁地区那高岭组具有可靠的地质时代证据,其中所产的徐家冲鱼类化石组合能够为华南地区早泥盆世地层的对比研究提供鱼类化石标准,而华南鱼属(Huananaspis)和亚洲鱼属(Asiaspis)在那高岭组的发现,丰富了华南鱼类的多样性,扩大了徐家冲鱼类组合的化石内容,并为云南武定坡松冲组与广西南宁那高岭组之间的对比提供了直接化石证据。广西南宁莲花山组与那高岭组过渡层中的徐家冲鱼类化石组合物种多样性最高,几乎涵盖了其他地区该组合的所有属种,说明广西南宁地区可能是盔甲鱼类辐射和扩散的中心之一。该地区早泥盆世布拉格期的古鱼类、早期维管植物和腕足动物均表现出显著的地方性色彩,可能跟华南海是一个半封闭的陆表海湾有关,即由于封闭海效应,鱼类在这个封闭的环境中独立演化,表现出很高的多样性和很强的土著性,最终在华南板块上形成一个独立的动物区系——“盔甲鱼—云南鱼”动物区系。 相似文献
3.
A new genus and species,Ramoferis amalia gen.et sp.nov.,is described from the Early Devonian(Pragian)Posongchong Formation,Wenshan district of southeastern Yunnan,China.This plant has isodichotomous major axes,which also divide anisotomously distally to produce closely spaced lateral branches,often within fertile regions.The stalked round to reniform sporangia,borne laterally and spirally over several levels of branches,are distantly to moderately spaced or aggregated into distinct spikes.The stalks incr... 相似文献
4.
WANG Deming 《《地质学报》英文版》2007,81(4):525-538
Zosterophyllum longa sp.nov.is reported from the Lower Devonian Pingyipu Formation, Jiangyou District,northern Sichuan of China.This new plant has vertically elongate sporangia differing from all known species of Zosterophyllum,demonstrating morphological variations in Zosterophyllophytina.New materials of Zosterophyllum yunnanicum from the Lower Devonian Xujiachong Formation,Qujing District,eastern Yunnan of China show that fertile axes of this species are anisotomous or pseudomonopodial or K-shaped in branching.Sometimes fertile lateral axes are very short and bear an axUlary axis at the dividing point.Distinct thickening occurs along the whole margin of a sporangium,with sporangial lobes undeveloped.The evolution of Zosterophyllum is tentatively discussed.A biostratigraphic method of Gerrienne and Streel is introduced and applied to dating of the Lower Devonian Xujiachong Formation,which is considered as of the late Pragian-early Emsian. 相似文献
5.
云南沾益龙华山剖面泥盆系龙华山组和西冲组上段含丰富的孢子化石,按某些重要孢子类群的数量变化关系和重要分子的发生、发展和消失情况,分为下部龙华山组的RP孢子组合带和西冲组上段的VM孢子组合带。RP组合带含有早泥盆世典型分子,VM组合带含有吉维期(Givetian)晚期才在国内外出现的典型分子。结合其他门类化石研究,认为龙华山组的地质时代为泥盆纪布拉格期(Pragian)中期至埃姆斯期(Emsian)早期,西冲组上段为吉维期(Givetian)晚期,可能包括弗拉斯期(Frasnian)早期。当前研究还揭示,滇东在吉维期(Givetian)晚期Cyr-tospora cristifer已经丰富,较国内外其他地区该类孢子出现的时代(最早为弗拉斯期晚期)明显要早,据此提出了滇东可能是Cyrtospora cristifer的发源地。 相似文献
6.
论大槽子组和碳山坪组的地质时代 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
《地层学杂志》1989,(2)
<正> 大槽子剖面位于云南省宁蒗县城以南约25km处,是原云南省第二区域地质测量队于70年代发现和测制的,并对泥盆纪地层作了划分、对比和命名。由下而上分别是大瓜坪组、大槽子组、碳山坪组、烂泥箐组和干沟组,其中将大瓜坪组划归早泥盆世晚期,大槽子组和碳山坪组分别与艾菲尔阶和吉维特阶对比,烂泥箐组和干沟组分别与弗拉阶和法门阶对应。大槽子剖面地处泥盆系青藏区和华南区交界处(王钰等1982),且地层发育较 相似文献
7.
受到植物化石材料局限性与时代久远性的限制,目前用古生代植物化石δ
8.
广州地区晚泥盆世至早石炭世地层及植物组合 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
广州地区晚泥盆世至早石炭世地层发育良好 ,出露地层为上泥盆统金钱岭组、沙水岗组以及下石炭统龙江组、石磴子组、测水组和梓门桥组 ,含有非常丰富的动植物化石 ,其中 ,广州市西北郊出露有陆相晚泥盆世至早石炭世地层的连续剖面 ,是研究陆相泥盆系与石炭系界线的理想剖面。含植物化石的陆相地层沙水岗组、龙江组和测水组中的植物化石可划分为 4个组合 ,自下而上为 :1) L epidodendropsis hirmeri- Sublepidodendron mirabile- H ama-tophyton verticillatum组合 ,代表沉积为沙水岗组 ,时代为晚泥盆世晚期 ; 2 ) Sublepidodendron mirabile-Rhodeopteridium cf. hsianghsiangense组合 ,代表沉积为龙江组 ,时代为早石炭世杜内期 ; 3) Cardiopteridiumspetsbergense- Triphyllopteris collombiana- Adiantites gothanii组合 ,代表沉积为测水组下段 ,时代为早石炭世维宪早期 ; 4) Archaeocalamites scrobiculatus- Cardiopteridium spetsbergense- Paripteris gigantea组合 ,代表沉积为测水组上段 ,时代为早石炭世维宪晚期 相似文献
9.
Zosterophyllum(工蕨属)是早期陆生植物的代表性类群之一,全球广泛分布。Z.australianum(澳大利亚工蕨)产自华南和澳大利亚,是东北冈瓦纳古植物地理区系的典型分子。文中描述了产自贵州都匀包阳剖面蟒山群中的Z.australianum新材料。该标本的孢子囊具短柄,呈椭圆形或扇形,宽2.6~4.1 mm,高可达3.9 mm,加厚带宽约0.6 mm,紧密螺旋排列形成孢子囊穗,与云南文山早泥盆世坡松冲植物群中的Z. australiaunum极为相似。依据目前对Z. australianum时代延限的认识,并结合蟒山群其他植物属种的发现(如Adoketophyton subverticillatum),推断该群下段的时代为早泥盆世布拉格期。Z. australianum在蟒山群中的发现,扩展了该植物的地理分布范围,反映出蟒山群中的植物组合与坡松冲植物群存在一定联系。 相似文献
10.
Zosterophyllum(工蕨属)是早期陆生植物的代表性类群之一,全球广泛分布。Z.australianum(澳大利亚工蕨)产自华南和澳大利亚,是东北冈瓦纳古植物地理区系的典型分子。文中描述了产自贵州都匀包阳剖面蟒山群中的Z.australianum新材料。该标本的孢子囊具短柄,呈椭圆形或扇形,宽2.6~4.1 mm,高可达3.9 mm,加厚带宽约0.6 mm,紧密螺旋排列形成孢子囊穗,与云南文山早泥盆世坡松冲植物群中的Z. australiaunum极为相似。依据目前对Z. australianum时代延限的认识,并结合蟒山群其他植物属种的发现(如Adoketophyton subverticillatum),推断该群下段的时代为早泥盆世布拉格期。Z. australianum在蟒山群中的发现,扩展了该植物的地理分布范围,反映出蟒山群中的植物组合与坡松冲植物群存在一定联系。 相似文献
11.
论云南武定旧城组的地质时代 总被引：2，自引：4，他引：2
通过地层层序与生物群分析，云南武定地区旧城组的时代相当于早泥盆世Ｅｍｓｉａｎ晚期。武定地区泥盆系连续沉积，旧城组之下为具“坡脚动物群”的坡脚组，与郁江组相当。旧城组应是四排阶的沉积，产有丰富的节甲鱼类化石，面貌与欧洲及澳大利亚同期的节甲鱼类相近。海口组应归入中泥盆世早期的Ｅｉｆｅｌｉａｎ阶，大致相当于湖南的跳马涧组。 相似文献
12.
西藏泥盆纪海相红层的分布与时代 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在作者及前人对西藏地区泥盆纪地层学、古生物学等资料研究的基础上,作者对该区泥盆纪海相红层进行了初步的系统整理。共识别出6层(套)海相红层,它们是:早泥盆世扎西岗组海相红层(洛赫柯夫阶—布拉格阶)(XDRB1)和春节桥组上部海相红层(埃姆斯阶)(XDRB2),中泥盆世海通组海相红层(艾费尔阶)(XDRB3)和丁宗隆组底部海相红层(吉维阶)(XDRB4),晚泥盆世查果罗玛组(下部)海相红层(弗拉斯阶)(XDRB5)和羌格组顶部海相红层(法门阶)(XDRB6)。所有海相红层均形成于近岸或浅水碳酸盐岩台地环境,因此,属于浅水-半深水陆棚红层,此外,还讨论了中国南方泥盆纪海相红层的分布及全球法门期海相红层广布事件。 相似文献
13.
HAO Shougang WANG Deming WANG Qi XUE Jinzhuang 《《地质学报》英文版》2006,80(1):11-19
A new plant, Zhenglia radiata gen. et sp. nov., from the Posongchong Formation （Early Devonian, Pragian age） of the Wenshan District of southeastern Yunnan Province, China is a small herbaceous lycopsid. The aerial branches divide into foliar and fertile stems. The arrangement of the leaf bases on the stem shows lepidodendroid-like phyllotaxy. Possibly the leaf base bears a ligulate pit. The microphyll consists of a swollen, decurrent base, and an entire, linear lamina. The fertile axis is composed of sporophylls arranged helically, forming a compact area similar to cone-like structure. Each sporophyll consists of a widened lateral extension and a distal lamina. The ovoid-elongate sporangia are attached adaxially on the surface of sporophylls. Based on morphological similarities, especially the undivided microphylls, the style of phyllotaxy, the form of the cone-like structures and sporangia, the new lycopsid Zhenglia radiata is placed in the order Protolepidodendrales and a possible evolutionary relationship with the arborescent lycopsids of the Late Devonian and Carboniferous is considered. 相似文献
14.
中国云南早泥盆世坡松冲植物群——探究早期陆生维管植物演化分异的窗口 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
简要回顾了目前云南早泥盆世坡松冲植物群的研究，论述了坡松冲植物群的时代、组成和性质。研究表明坡松冲植物群在某些简单的、常见的工蕨类植物和三枝蕨类植物组成的背景下，含有具复杂形态和结构特征的植物类群，显示了较劳亚大陆同期陆生维管植物更进化的营养器官、生殖器官分异的水平。不同古植物地理区的长期隔离（也就是，早泥盆世的东北冈瓦纳古植物地理区和华南亚区）和独特的环境可能是造成众多地方性分子演化分异的原因。坡松冲植物群的研究表明中国华南可能是早期陆生维管植物演化辐射的中心之一。 相似文献
15.
云南省大关县泥盆系蕴藏着丰富的石英砂资源,地层序列的研究不仅有助于深入分析石英砂形成的古地理环境及其变化特征,而且结合构造背景的研究,可研究石英砂形成分布规律,为硅产业的开发提供理论依据。为此,本文以野外地层剖面测量及页岩气调查井岩心编录为基础,结合古构造背景,研究了在直线距离50 km的滇东北大关县、盐津县泥盆系剖面特征,认为该区泥盆系具以下特点:(1)研究区位于晚古生代滇黔桂裂谷北部边缘地带,受边缘相带控制,沉积了坡松冲组、缩头山组两套高成熟度石英砂岩,是滇东北硅产业园的资源基础;(2)大关、盐津地区泥盆系总体上由下向上发育了坡松冲组、坡脚组、箐门组、缩头山组、红崖坡组、曲靖组、在结山组七个组,但受裂谷盆地隆、凹相间格局及同生断裂控制,七个组常发育不全,不同的地点,沉积序列常不一致,变化极其频繁;(4)泥盆系总体经历了两次海退→海进沉积过程,反映由陆架建设到碳酸盐台地的形成过程,同时,受裂谷盆地的影响,各组与建组剖面只是相似,具一定的变化特征;(4)总体上,缩头山组资源潜力优于坡松冲组。坡松冲组以盐津中和镇最具开发前景,缩头山组以大关县木杆镇及大关县黄荆坝最具前景。这些对泥盆系石英砂的开发具指导意义。 相似文献
16.
The Hill End Trough of central‐western New South Wales was an elongate deep marine basin that existed in the Lachlan Fold Belt from the early Late Silurian to late Early Devonian. It is represented by a regionally extensive, unfossiliferous sequence of interbedded turbidites and hemipelagites of substantially silicic volcanic derivation, which passes laterally into contemporaneous shallow‐water sedimentary rocks. The Turondale and Merrions Formations of the Lower Devonian Crudine Group are two prominent volcanogenic formations in the predominantly sedimentary trough sequence. They contain a range of primary and resedimented volcanic facies suitable for U–Pb dating. These include widespread subaqueous silicic lavas and/or lava cryptodomes, and thick sequences of crystal‐rich volcaniclastic sandstone emplaced by a succession of mass‐flows that were generated by interaction between contemporaneous subaerial pyroclastic flows and the sea. Ion microprobe dating of the two volcanogenic formations by means of the commonly used SL 13 zircon standard yields ages ranging between 411.3 ± 5.1 and 404.8 ± 4.8 Ma. Normalising the data against a different zircon standard (QGNG) yields preferred slightly older mean ages that range between 413.4 ± 6.6 and 407.1 ± 6.9 Ma. These ages broadly approximate the Early Devonian age that has been historically associated with the Crudine Group. However, the biostratigraphically inferred late Lochkovian ‐ early Emsian (mid‐Early Devonian) age for the Merrions Formation is inconsistent with the current Australian Phanerozoic Timescale, which assigns an age of 410 Ma to the Silurian‐Devonian boundary, and ages of 404.5 Ma and 395.5 Ma to the base and top of the Pragian, respectively. There is, however, good agreement if the new ages are compared with the most recently published revision of the Devonian time‐scale. This suggests that the Early Devonian stage boundaries of the Australian Phanerozoic Timescale need to be revised downward. The new ages for the Merrions Formation could also provide a time point on this time‐scale for the Pragian to early Emsian, for which no data are presently available. 相似文献
17.
前人(张研等,1983)曾将珠斯愣海尔罕地区的泥岔系分为4个组:珠斯楞组、依克乌苏组、卧驼山组和西屏山组,分别属于埃姆斯期、艾菲尔期、吉维特期和弗拉斯期。本文描述了该区中、上泥盆统4个剖面,将其划分为4个沉积旋网,每个旋回构成一组,自下而上依次为依克乌苏组、卧驼山组、下西屏山组和上西屏山组。根据四射珊瑚组合和其它共生化石,把依克乌苏组上部到下西屏山组下部归入吉维持期,下西屏山组上部相上西屏山组的时代为弗拉斯期,木区缺乏法门期的沉积。 关于珠斯楞海尔罕地区所在的北方槽区泥盆纪的生物地理区系特征尚无统一认识。作者根据四射珊瑚动物群的地方性分子含量,Otsuka相似性系数和构造古地理,将中同泥岔纪的珊瑚分为3个大区:北方大区、北特提斯大区和南特提斯大区。这种划分方案也非常适用于吉维特期和弗拉斯期。 吉维持期到弗拉斯期,巴丹吉林区和扬子区珊瑚群的关系最为密切,与北天山——准噶尔区和内蒙古——兴安区共同的属很少。因此,广大的北方槽区属于两个不同的生物大区,北方大区和北特提斯大区,二者的界线是居延海——林西地壳对接带。这种认识与王鸿祯(1981)所划分的中国大地构造单元一致。 相似文献
18.
吉林省泥盆系层序的新划分 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
<正> 吉林省泥盆系露头比较零星,地层资料也比较少。1966年李东津等在永吉县黄榆屯西王家街发现泥盆纪珊瑚,长春地质学院等命名为王家街组。分布在磐石县呼兰镇至黑石镇一带的变质岩系呼兰群经郭鸿俊的研究被划为志留—泥盆系,但至今仍有争议。笔者通过珊瑚化石的研究,肯定了原定为志留系的二道沟灰岩为早泥盆世早期地层,又在王家 相似文献
19.
XUE Jinzhuang 《《地质学报》英文版》2009,83(3):504-512
Abstract: Two zosterophyll plants are described from the Lower Devonian (Lochkovian) Xitun Formation of Qujing, Yunnan, China. Xitunia spinitheca gen. et sp. nov. has stalked sporangia laterally attached on the axis in a helical arrangement. Sporangia are dorsoventrally flattened and composed of two unequal valves; the adaxial valve is round in face view, while the abaxial valve is larger than the former, triangular or wedge-shaped, and radially bears long spiny appendages along the distal margin. Xitunia shows new variation of sporangial morphology within the zosterophylls. Zosterophyllum minorstachyum sp. nov. has K-shaped branchings at the basal parts and small-sized terminal spikes, which consist of round to elliptical sporangia arranged helically. This paper provides new data on the diversity of plant types during Lochkovian when rare vascular plants were reported. As for various species of Zosterophyllum in South China, their apparent evolutionary trend of features from the Late Silurian to Early Devonian (Emsian) is discussed. 相似文献
20.
The stratigraphy of the Devonian to Permian succession in Northwest Peninsular Malaysia is revised. The Timah Tasoh Formation consists of black mudstone containing graptolites and tentaculitids indicating a Pragian or earliest Emsian age. The Sanai Limestone overlies the Timah Tasoh Formation at Sanai Hill B and contains conodonts indicating a Late Devonian (Frasnian to possibly early Famennian) age. In other places, Late Tournaisian chert of the Telaga Jatoh Formation overlies the Timah Tasoh Formation. The overlying Kubang Pasu Formation is predominantly composed of mudstone and sandstone, and can be divided into 3 subunits, from oldest to youngest: (1) Chepor Member; (2) Undifferentiated Kubang Pasu Formation; (3) Uppermost Kubang Pasu Formation. The ammonoid Praedaraelites tuntungensis sp. nov. is reported and described from the Chepor Member of Bukit Tuntung, Pauh. The genus indicates a Late Viséan age for part of the subunit. Dropstones and diamictites from the Chepor Member indicate a glacial marine depositional environment. The Carbo-Permian, undifferentiated Kubang Pasu Formation consists of similar interbedded mudstone and sandstone. The uppermost Kubang Pasu Formation of Kungurian age consists of coarsening upward cycles of clastics, representing a shallow marine, wave- and storm-influenced shoreline. The Permian Chuping Limestone also represents shallow marine, wave- and storm-influenced deposits. A Mid-Palaeozoic Unconformity separating Early–Late Devonian rocks from overlying Late Devonian–Carboniferous deposits probably marks initiation of rifting on Sibumasu, which eventually led to the separation of Sibumasu from Australian Gondwana during the late Sakmarian (Early Permian). 相似文献