共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 78 毫秒
1.
南四湖沉积剖面中色素与有机碳同位素特征的古环境意义 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
湖泊沉积物中的色素含量与种类是研究湖泊初始生产力和湖泊环境的有效手段之一．而有机碳同位素比值反映了沉积有机物来源信息．本文在对南四湖沉积剖面中总有机碳含量分析的基础上,测定了有机碳的同位素比值,同时通过剖面中色素指标的分析,揭示该湖泊环境演化历史．研究表明,南四湖成湖时代为2．45kaB．P,成期水体主要来自黄河泛滥;其次,南四湖东西沉积环境差异较大,西部（微山湖）主要受黄河泛滥影响,东部（独山湖）则为山麓碎屑沉积;近代南四湖中蓝藻大量繁盛,湖泊具有逐步向富营养化发展的趋势． 相似文献
2.
南四湖沉积剖面中色素与有机碳同位素特征的古环境意义 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
湖泊沉积物中的色素含量与种类是研究湖泊初始生产力的湖泊环境的有效手段之一。而有机碳同位素比值反映了沉积有机物来源信息。本文在对南四湖沉积剖面中总有机含量分析的基础上,测定了有机碳的同位素比值,同时通过剖面中色素指标的分析,揭示该湖泊环境演化历史。研究表明,南四湖成湖时代为２．４５ｋａＢ．Ｐ．,成湖水体主要来自黄河泛滥;其次,南四湖东西沉积环境差异较大,西部（微山湖）主要受黄河泛滥影响,东部（独山湖 相似文献
3.
南四湖现代沉积物中营养元素分布特征 总被引：25，自引：2，他引：23
对南四湖不同湖区20个表层沉积物和独山湖湖区沉积岩芯中营养元素进行了分析结果表明表层沉积物中南阳湖总磷最高,独山湖次之;独山湖总有机碳和总氮含量最高,南阳湖次之;而昭阳湖总有机碳、总氮和总磷含量较低.沉积岩芯中137Cs数据表明南四湖独山湖区柱状沉积物上部(0-18 cm)沉积速率为3.5mm/a;总有机碳、总氮和总磷含量主要集中在沉积岩芯0-8 cm内,并呈现一致的垂向分布规律,具有明显的三阶段分布特征,反映了流域社会经济的发展导致营养元素的释放量增加,造成了湖泊现代沉积物中营养元素的积累.碳氮比值处于7.6-11.4之间,有机质的选择性分解不明显,指示沉积物中有机质主要来自无纤维束的陆源植物.监测数据表明济宁市的城市生活污水、工农业废水排放进入南阳湖是南四湖有机质和TP富集的主要来源. 相似文献
4.
5.
化石有机碳风化是地质时间尺度上重要的碳源,对全球碳循环和气候变化具有重要影响,但如何量化一直是个挑战.河水铼(Re)含量的变化被认为具有示踪流域化石有机碳风化强度的潜力,然而Re的来源及其与化石有机碳风化之间的关系还知之甚少.为了更好地认识这一指标的有效性,本文选择重庆市城口县下寒武统水井沱组页岩风化剖面为研究对象,通过元素含量、逐级提取实验等分析,探讨页岩风化序列中Re和硒(Se)的活动性及其与化石有机碳风化的关系.结果表明,化学蚀变指数(CIA)从基岩到风化层逐步升高,指示增强的风化强度.根据逐级提取实验和质量迁移系数(τ)的变化发现,页岩中的Re和Se主要赋存于有机质相,风化过程中与化石有机碳同步流失,而与页岩中的硫化物矿物氧化无明显相关;风化过程中Re和Se不同的地球化学行为导致其与化石有机碳非等量流失.本研究支持Re作为示踪化石有机碳风化的指标,而Se是示踪化石有机碳风化的潜在指标.未来需要不同类型沉积岩剖面与流域相结合的研究,明确河水Re和Se的来源及其与流域化石有机碳风化之间的关系. 相似文献
6.
7.
8.
9.
通过对内蒙古高原呼伦湖沉积物样品总有机碳含量(TOC)及其稳定同位素(δ13Corg)、总氮含量(TN)和TOC/TN(C/N)值的测定,结合沉积岩芯AMS14C年代标尺,分析了中全新世以来呼伦湖沉积物有机碳埋藏速率随时间变化的趋势及有机质的来源,并探讨了影响呼伦湖有机碳埋藏的主要因素.结果表明,中全新世以来呼伦湖有机碳埋藏速率平均值约为2.06 g/(m~2·a),碳储量约为35.25 Tg C,且总体上呈现增加趋势.呼伦湖沉积物中有机质主要来源于外源输入,但近1000 a以来内源输入逐渐增加并占据优势.呼伦湖有机碳埋藏速率与温度和降水均呈负相关,表明在长时间尺度上,升温及降水量的增加可能对呼伦湖的碳埋藏起到一定的抑制作用. 相似文献
10.
利用△logR技术计算有机碳是一种不同于传统地球化学测试得到的有机碳方法.该方法利用烃源岩有机碳含量在测井曲线(声波时差、电阻率)上的响应特征,建立测井解释模型,计算TOC的连续分布值,从而得到准确的有机碳含量,补充取心资料的不足.本文应用△logR技术,结合实测数据,建立起三湖地区测井资料与有机碳含量之间的定量关系模型,然后利用该模型对三湖地区25口重点探井进行有机碳计算.结果表明:有机碳总体上数值含量偏低,平均值为0.33％;在纵向上,具有2个峰值,其中k5-k6峰值段是第四系最大湖泛期形成的沉积;在平面上,有机碳高值区位于台南—涩北构造以北和台吉乃尔与南陵丘以南区域,而南斜坡和涩南1井以东区域有机碳含量较低.本次研究获取了较为准确的烃源岩评价参数,最终得到该区第四系天然气资源量得到油田认可. 相似文献
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
Gtz Schroth Luciana Ferreira Da Silva Marc‐Andree Wolf Wenceslau Geraldes Teixeira Wolfgang Zech 《水文研究》1999,13(10):1423-1436
The partitioning of rain water into throughfall, stemflow and interception loss when passing through plant canopies depends on properties of the respective plant species, such as leaf area and branch angles. In heterogeneous vegetation, such as tropical forest or polycultural systems, the presence of different plant species may consequently result in a mosaic of situations with respect to quantity and quality of water inputs into the soil. As these processes influence not only the water availability for the plants, but also water infiltration and nutrient leaching, the understanding of plant effects on the repartitioning of rain water may help in the optimization of land use systems and management practices. We measured throughfall and stemflow in a perennial polyculture (multi‐strata agroforestry), monocultures of peach palm (Bactris gasipaes) for fruit and for palmito, a monoculture of cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum), spontaneous fallow and primary forest during one year in central Amazonia, Brazil. The effect on rain water partitioning was measured separately for four useful tree species in the polyculture and for two tree species in the primary forest. Throughfall at two stem distances, and stemflow, differed significantly between tree species, resulting in pronounced spatial patterns of water input into the soil in the polyculture system. For two tree species, peach palm for fruit (Bactris gasipaes) and Brazil nut trees (Bertholletia excelsa), the water input into the soil near the stem was significantly higher than the open‐area rainfall. This could lead to increased nutrient leaching when fertilizer is applied close to the stem of these trees. In the primary forest, such spatial patterns could also be detected, with significantly higher water input near a palm (Oenocarpus bacaba) than near a dicotyledonous tree species (Eschweilera sp.). Interception losses were 6·4% in the polyculture, 13·9 and 12·3% in the peach palm monocultures for fruit and for palmito, respectively, 0·5% in the cupuaçu monoculture and 3·1% in the fallow. With more than 20% of the open‐area rainfall, the highest stemflow contributions to the water input into the soil were measured in the palm monocultures and in the fallow. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
18.
M. N. French R. L. Bras W. F. Krajewski 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》1992,6(1):27-45
A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities. 相似文献
19.
M. A. Kahn 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2000,28(2):95-101
Red tide, a recurrent phenomenon has become conspicuous in several Kashmir lake ecosystems since 1991. The responsible organism (Euglena pedunculata), a rare flagellate rediscovered in the Kashmir Himalaya (Khan 1993) caused first and unprecedented red tide outbreak, constituting a maximum of 96% of resident numerical phytoplankton density in Dal Lake. At present, conflicting hypotheses exist on the generation of causal assemblage(s) imparting redness to waters: Jeeji Bai (1991) linked its origin to acid precipitation – a fallout of burning oil‐fields during the Gulf War – whilst Khan (1993) holds local factor(s) responsible. Field/experimental studies support the latter contention that the influx of untreated sewage, in unison with warm temperatures, high levels of PhAR, iron and interruption to hydrological flow‐pattern together with absence/or reduction in grazing activity created conducive environmental milieu for red tide outbreak. Dal Lake “red tide” drifted the bloom‐inoculum to other waters, including Lake Wular, where additional ecological niches were carved out, threatening the aesthetic value and biological diversity of Kashmir lakes. Ecological monitoring indicates frequent seasonal red tide occurrence in Dal Lake (including summer‐autumn event of 1998) which testifies its unabated eutrophication status. Further studies are needed on ecological adaptability and biogeographic distribution of this rare and unique red tide‐causing flagellate. 相似文献
20.