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1.
Sensitivities of parameterization schemes were conducted based on the Global/Regional Assimilation and Prediction System (GRAPES) model. Surface observations were used to evaluate the simulations and to improve the model’s ability to simulate the extreme precipitation over southern China on 20 July 2016. The results showed that GRAPES captured the large-scale precipitation over southern China but failed to predict the extreme precipitation over Xinyi. The model showed a systematic cold biases by adopting different parameterization schemes. In particular, the ECMWF analyses data showed a strong cold bias over Guangdong province and Guangxi Region. Observational nudging results showed that the surface temperature could largely help to alleviate the cold bias. The alleviation in the warm sector accounted for main improvement by the nudging scheme, and the RMSE was reduced by 1.56 degree from 3.25 degree to 1.69 degree by 1-h simulation and with 1.3 degree alleviation by 2-h simulation. Sensitivities using different parameterizations and the nudging scheme showed that the model’s underestimation of the precipitation was still present despite improvements in the predictions of surface temperature. 相似文献
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WU Xiangjun CHEN Dehui SONG Junqiang JIN Zhiyan YANG Xuesheng ZHANG Hongliang 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2010,24(5):622-630
The Global/Regional Assimilation and PrEdiction System (GRAPES) is a new-generation operational numerical weather prediction (NWP) model developed by the China Meteorological Administration (CMA).It is a grid-point model with a code structure different from that of spectral models used in other operational NWP centers such as the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF),National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP),and Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA),especially in the context of p... 相似文献
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Impacts of Land Process on the Onset and Evolution of Asian Summer Monsoon in the NCEP Climate Forecast System 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Impacts of land models and initial land conditions(ICs) on the Asian summer monsoon,especially its onset,were investigated using the NCEP Climate Forecast System(CFS).Two land models,the Oregon State University(OSU) land model and the NCEP,OSU,Air Force,and Hydrologic Research Laboratory(Noah) land model,were used to get parallel experiments.The experiments also used land ICs from the NCEP/Department of Energy(DOE) Global Reanalysis 2(GR2) and the Global Land Data Assimilation System(GLDAS).Previous studies have demonstrated that,a systematic weak bias appears in the modeled monsoon,and this bias may be related to a cold bias over the Asian land mass.Results of the current study show that replacement of the OSU land model by the Noah land model improved the model’s cold bias and produced improved monsoon precipitation and circulation patterns.The CFS predicted monsoon with greater proficiency in El Nin o years,compared to La Nin a years,and the Noah model performed better than the OSU model in monsoon predictions for individual years.These improvements occurred not only in relation to monsoon onset in late spring but also to monsoon intensity in summer.Our analysis of the monsoon features over the India peninsula,the Indo-China peninsula,and the South Chinese Sea indicates different degrees of improvement.Furthermore,a change in the land models led to more remarkable improvement in monsoon prediction than did a change from the GR2 land ICs to the GLDAS land ICs. 相似文献
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In the present study, the performance of the GRAPES model in wind simulation over south China was assessed. The simulations were evaluated by using surface observations and two sounding stations in south China. The results show that the GRAPES model could provide a reliable simulation of the distribution and diurnal variation of the wind. It showed a generally overestimated southerly wind speed especially over the Pearl River Delta region and the south of Jiangxi Province as well as the coastal region over south China. GRAPES also exhibited a large number of stations with the opposite surface wind directions over the east of Guangxi and the south of Jiangxi during the nocturnal- to-morning period, as well as an overall overestimation of surface wind over the coastal regions during the afternoon. Although GRAPES could simulate the general evolutional characteristics of vertical wind profile, it underestimated wind speed above 900 hPa and overestimated wind speed below 900 hPa. Though the parameterization scheme of gravity wave drag proved to be an effective method to alleviate the systematic deviation of wind simulation, GRAPES still exhibited large errors in wind simulation, especially in the lower and upper troposphere. 相似文献
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XU Jingwen ZHANG Wanchang ZHENG Ziyan JIAO Meiyan CHEN Jing 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2012,26(1):103-111
Early and effective flood warning is essential for reducing loss of life and economic damage.Three global ensemble weather prediction systems of the China Meteorological Administration (CMA),the Europe... 相似文献
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Seasonal prediction skill of ECMWF System 4 and NCEP CFSv2 retrospective forecast for the Northern Hemisphere Winter 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
The seasonal prediction skill for the Northern Hemisphere winter is assessed using retrospective predictions (1982–2010) from the ECMWF System 4 (Sys4) and National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) CFS version 2 (CFSv2) coupled atmosphere–ocean seasonal climate prediction systems. Sys4 shows a cold bias in the equatorial Pacific but a warm bias is found in the North Pacific and part of the North Atlantic. The CFSv2 has strong warm bias from the cold tongue region of the eastern Pacific to the equatorial central Pacific and cold bias in broad areas over the North Pacific and the North Atlantic. A cold bias in the Southern Hemisphere is common in both reforecasts. In addition, excessive precipitation is found in the equatorial Pacific, the equatorial Indian Ocean and the western Pacific in Sys4, and in the South Pacific, the southern Indian Ocean and the western Pacific in CFSv2. A dry bias is found for both modeling systems over South America and northern Australia. The mean prediction skill of 2 meter temperature (2mT) and precipitation anomalies are greater over the tropics than the extra-tropics and also greater over ocean than land. The prediction skill of tropical 2mT and precipitation is greater in strong El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) winters than in weak ENSO winters. Both models predict the year-to-year ENSO variation quite accurately, although sea surface temperature trend bias in CFSv2 over the tropical Pacific results in lower prediction skill for the CFSv2 relative to the Sys4. Both models capture the main ENSO teleconnection pattern of strong anomalies over the tropics, the North Pacific and the North America. However, both models have difficulty in forecasting the year-to-year winter temperature variability over the US and northern Europe. 相似文献
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This paper investigates the possible sources of errors associated with tropical cyclone (TC) tracks forecasted using the Global/Regional Assimilation and Prediction System (GRAPES). The GRAPES forecasts were made for 16 landfalling TCs in the western North Pacific basin during the 2008 and 2009 seasons, with a forecast length of 72 hours, and using the default initial conditions (“initials”, hereafter), which are from the NCEP-FNL dataset, as well as ECMWF initials. The forecasts are compared with ECMWF forecasts. The results show that in most TCs, the GRAPES forecasts are improved when using the ECMWF initials compared with the default initials. Compared with the ECMWF initials, the default initials produce lower intensity TCs and a lower intensity subtropical high, but a higher intensity South Asia high and monsoon trough, as well as a higher temperature but lower specific humidity at the TC center. Replacement of the geopotential height and wind fields with the ECMWF initials in and around the TC center at the initial time was found to be the most efficient way to improve the forecasts. In addition, TCs that showed the greatest improvement in forecast accuracy usually had the largest initial uncertainties in TC intensity and were usually in the intensifying phase. The results demonstrate the importance of the initial intensity for TC track forecasts made using GRAPES, and indicate the model is better in describing the intensifying phase than the decaying phase of TCs. Finally, the limit of the improvement indicates that the model error associated with GRAPES forecasts may be the main cause of poor forecasts of landfalling TCs. Thus, further examinations of the model errors are required. 相似文献
9.
《大气科学进展》2016,(7)
This paper investigates the possible sources of errors associated with tropical cyclone(TC) tracks forecasted using the Global/Regional Assimilation and Prediction System(GRAPES). The GRAPES forecasts were made for 16 landfalling TCs in the western North Pacific basin during the 2008 and 2009 seasons, with a forecast length of 72 hours, and using the default initial conditions("initials", hereafter), which are from the NCEP-FNL dataset, as well as ECMWF initials. The forecasts are compared with ECMWF forecasts. The results show that in most TCs, the GRAPES forecasts are improved when using the ECMWF initials compared with the default initials. Compared with the ECMWF initials, the default initials produce lower intensity TCs and a lower intensity subtropical high, but a higher intensity South Asia high and monsoon trough, as well as a higher temperature but lower specific humidity at the TC center. Replacement of the geopotential height and wind fields with the ECMWF initials in and around the TC center at the initial time was found to be the most efficient way to improve the forecasts. In addition, TCs that showed the greatest improvement in forecast accuracy usually had the largest initial uncertainties in TC intensity and were usually in the intensifying phase. The results demonstrate the importance of the initial intensity for TC track forecasts made using GRAPES, and indicate the model is better in describing the intensifying phase than the decaying phase of TCs. Finally, the limit of the improvement indicates that the model error associated with GRAPES forecasts may be the main cause of poor forecasts of landfalling TCs. Thus, further examinations of the model errors are required. 相似文献
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近年来,GRAPES全球三维变分同化系统分析性能和稳定性有了长足进步。该文简要介绍了近两年GRAPES全球:三维变分同化技术的发展与改进情况,包括同化框架技术、资料同化应用技术与系统稳定性等方面。分析诊断了两年的同化循环试验结果,以探空资料作为参考,对ERA-Interim再分析场、NCEP FNL分析场和GRAPES全球三维变分分析场的统计特征进行了比较;以ERA-Interim再分析场作为参考,对NCEP FNL分析场、T639分析场和GRAPES全球三维变分分析场进行比较。结果表明:GRAPES分析场的质量明显优于T639分析场,性能上达到了业务化的要求,但相比NCEP FNL分析场还有一定差距,特别是对流层内湿度分析场的误差还比较大。 相似文献
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利用欧洲中期天气预报中心 (ECMWF)、美国大气环境预报中心 (NCEP) 集合预报系统 (EPS) 降水量预报资料,CMORPH (NOAA Climate Prediction Center Morphing Method) 卫星与全国3万个自动气象站降水量融合资料,基于技巧评分、ROC (relative operating characteristic) 分析等方法,对比两个集合预报系统对秦岭及周边地区的降水预报性能。结果表明:两个系统均能较好表现降水量的空间形态,对于不同量级降水,ECMWF集合预报系统0~240 h控制及扰动预报优于NCEP集合预报系统,但NCEP集合预报系统264~360 h预报时效整体表现更好; ECMWF集合预报系统0~120 h大雨集合平均优于NCEP集合预报系统,两个系统集合平均的预报技巧整体低于其控制及扰动成员预报,这种现象ECMWF集合预报系统表现更为显著; ECMWF集合预报系统降水预报概率优于NCEP集合预报系统。ROC分析显示,随着预报概率的增大,ECMWF集合预报系统在命中率略微下降的情况下,显著减小了空报率,NCEP集合预报系统则表现出高空报、高命中率。 相似文献
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A comprehensive observational study on a warm sector torrential rain (WSTR) on 20 May 2016 over south China is presented with a pioneering examination of simulation capabilities based on the Global/Regional Assimilation and Prediction System for Tropical Mesoscale Model (GRAPES_TMM). The results show that the meso-scale convective boundary formed between north wind from mountainous areas and the south wind from plain regions as well as the cold outflows boundary both contribute to the convections over Xinyi, and the convections were blocked and stayed stagnant in the trumpet-shaped topography for about 8 hours which eventually caused the torrential rains. Comparative verifications of the observational studies by simulations showed that GRAPES_TMM had better estimations of large-scale frontal precipitation than the local warm-sector torrential rains. The simulations of local torrential rains in the warm sector showed strong biases in precipitation location and amount. GRAPES_TMM also showed overestimated surface winds and a faster moving speed bias, as well as an overall underestimation of the nocturnal surface temperature during the WSTR. This work may lead to several prospective researches of its model improvements on model physics such as land surface process and PBL parameterization. 相似文献
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利用台站常规观测资料和NCEP-FNL再分析资料,检验了GRAPES（Global/Regional Assimilation and Prediction Enhanced System）对2011/2012年冬季我国寒潮天气过程的预报能力。结果表明,GRAPES模式能较好地预报出该冬季4次寒潮过程的明显降温、高低空环流形势及冷平流的入侵,模式对2月22日寒潮的预报效果较差。对于强降温预报,在1月18日、2月5日及2月14日寒潮过程中,模式在新疆部分地区、云贵高原和四川盆地的预报效果较差。在2月22日寒潮中,我国东部地区出现了较大偏差,模式预报的500 hPa上阻塞高压及东亚大槽等系统的强度和位置出现较大偏差。4次过程中,模式预报的冷、暖平流在我国东北部大小兴安岭及长江流域以南有较大偏差。对于2月22日寒潮,模式预报新疆地区、大兴安岭和辽宁的冷平流范围和强度、及长江流域以南暖平流的范围和强度都要大于实况,导致此次寒潮温度预报误差大,这可能与在地形区域模式物理过程存在一定误差有关。 相似文献
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Characteristics of Atmospheric Heat Sources over Asia in Summer: Comparison of Results Calculated Using Multiple Reanalysis Datasets 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Using 1979-2000 daily NCEP/NCAR (National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center
for Atmospheric Research) reanalysis data (version 1, hereafter referred to as NCEP1; version 2, hereafter referred to as NCEP2), ECMWF (European Center for Medium-range Weather Forecasts) reanalysis data(ERA),and the Global Asian Monsoon Experiment (GAME) reanalysis data in summer 1998, the vertically integrated heat source hQ1i in summer is calculated, and results obtained using
different datasets are compared. The distributions of hQ1i calculated by using NCEP1 are in good agreement with rainfall observations over the Arabian Sea/Indian Peninsula, the Bay of Bengal (BOB), and East China. The distributions of hQ1i revealed by using NCEP2 are unrealistic in the southern Indian Peninsula, the BOB, and the South China Sea. Using ERA, the heat sources over the tropical Asia are in accordance with the summer precipitation,however, the distributions of hQ1i in East China are unreasonable. In the tropical region, the distributions of the summer heat source given by NCEP1 and ERA seem to be more accurate than those revealed by NCEP2. The NCEP1 and NCEP2 data are better for calculating heat sources over the subtropical and eastern regions of mainland China. 相似文献
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GRAPES中地形重力波拖曳物理过程的引进和应用试验 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
在中国新一代全球中期/区域中尺度同化与预报系统(GRAPES)模式中引进了ECMWF地形重力波拖曳物理过程,填补了GRAPES全球中期数值预报系统中物理过程的空白。重新计算了地形重力波过程需要的地形静态资料数据,并与原ECMWF模式的地形静态参数进行了对比分析,验证了模式地形参数的正确性。利用GRAPES模式,进行了地形重力波拖曳物理过程影响的敏感性数值试验;结果表明:引进地形重力波拖曳过程以后,在存在大地形的区域,风场会发生变化,当纬向风遇到青藏高原时,一部分气流会产生爬坡效应而越过高原,使高原上空的西风气流减弱;另一部分气流会绕过高原,在高原的南侧产生绕流;随着模式积分时间的延长,风场变化会越来越明显,地形越复杂,风场的变化也越复杂;连续的模式积分试验结果显示,引进地形重力波过程,可以延长GRAPES模式的可用预报时效,提高了全球形势预报的准确率。通过对一次降水过程的模拟,对地形重力波过程影响降水预报的原因进行了简单分析。结果显示:引进地形重力波拖曳过程后,改变了大气流场的分布,使预报的流场更接近于大气真实状态,从而提高了降水预报的准确率。 相似文献
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2016年梅汛期降雨环流特征及ECMWF中期预报偏差分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
利用NCAR/NCEP逐日再分析资料和台站观测日平均降雨资料,分析2016年梅汛期的大气环流演变特点和期间3次强降雨过程的环流特征,对比了欧洲中期数值模式(EC模式)的预报能力,并对其中期预报降雨的落区偏北、强度偏弱的偏差原因进行分析。结果表明,2016年梅汛期中高纬度环流多变化,多冷空气活动但势力总体不强,夏季风在6月下旬和7月上旬逐步增强,西太平洋副热带高压稳定维持,为强降雨的发生提供了有利动力和水汽条件。在梅汛期前期EC在中期时效对于夏季风的预报强度偏强、副高位置偏北,直接造成模式预报的雨带位置偏北。EC对于乌拉尔山一带的环流系统预报能力较好,但对于日本海-鄂霍茨克海一带的环流系统预报能力较差,从而使得影响我国的冷空气路径和强度预报均出现偏差,这对于7月初的强降水的强度和落区预报也有明显影响。 相似文献
18.
2017年6—8月T639、ECMWF及日本模式中期预报性能检验 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
对2017年6—8月T639、ECMWF及日本（文中简称JP）数值模式的中期预报产品进行了分析和检验,结果表明：三个模式对欧亚中高纬环流形势的调整和演变均具有较好的预报性能,能较准确地反映出欧亚地区中高纬大尺度环流形势的演变和调整,表现出较好的中期预报能力。ECMWF和T639模式在中期时效能够较好地对副热带高压的南北摆动和东西移动趋势进行预报,其中ECMWF的预报偏差更小且模式对于盛夏副热带高压西伸脊点的预报优于初夏。ECMWF和T639模式对全国大部分地区温度预报偏低,ECMWF模式的预报效果最好,而JP模式温度预报偏差相对较大,各模式对温度的升降波动预报较为准确。对强台风天鸽,三个模式对台风强度的预报均偏弱,其中ECMWF模式相对更准确地把握了台风的强度变化和移动路径,综合预报效果最好。 相似文献
19.
基于集合预报和支持向量机的中期强降雨集成预报试验 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
本文基于欧洲中期天气预报中心(ECMWF)和美国国家环境预报中心(NCEP)集合预报资料和支持向量机(SVM)回归方法建立了多模式集成的动力-统计客观预报模型(SVM-多模式集成预报),继而选用2012年5—9月(共计153 d)发生在淮河流域及其以南地区的大雨和暴雨开展了回报试验,并将所得预报结果与ECMWF的控制预报和集合平均预报进行了多角度比对评估。结果表明:在中期预报时效(4~7 d),SVM-多模式集成预报方法对2012年5—9月大雨和暴雨的预报效果最优,尤其对暴雨预报准确率明显提高,其优势主要体现在对强降雨中心分布范围和强度的预报更接近实况。 相似文献
20.
应用国家基本观测站资料,基于MET系统的客观统计检验方法,针对24h降水分别评估SWCWARMS模式、GRAPES模式和ECMWF模式对2017～2019年5～10月四川地区汛期预报能力,得到如下几点结论:(1)SWCWARMS模式小到大暴雨降水范围大于实况,GRAPES模式小到暴雨降水范围大于实况、大暴雨多漏报,ECMWF模式小雨和中雨降水范围大于实况、大到大暴雨多漏报,三个模式无降水或微量降水均少于实况。(2)ECMWF模式对四川雨季小到大雨预报能力优于SWCWARMS和GRAPES模式,SWCWARMS模式在部分时次上暴雨和大暴雨预报优于ECMWF模式,GRAPES模式TS评分略偏低。(3)GRAPES模式在2018年秋季开始中雨及以上量级降水预报上改善大于SWCWARMS和ECMWF模式,SWCWARMS模式2019年空报较2017年和2018年显著降低;3个模式在小雨和中雨预报上不相上下,GRAPES模式优势在2019年大雨和暴雨预报上,ECMWF模式优势在2017年秋季和2018年初夏大雨预报上,SWCWARMS模式大雨和暴雨预报能力介于二者之间。(4)ECMWF和SWCWARMS模式川东预报优于川西,GRAPES模式川西预报优于川东;三个模式存在不同程度空报,川东地区空报略多于川西,其中ECMWF模式空报最多。 相似文献