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1.
吉林西部盐碱水田区冻融期土壤水盐运移特征及酶活性变化 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
云 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2014,(2):636-644
为研究冻融作用下水田0~50cm土层水、盐、pH、脲酶活性变化规律及其相关关系,采集吉林西部盐碱土区大安市水田土壤,选取冻结12h、融化12h为一个循环,开展室内模拟试验,模拟昼夜反复冻融条件下土壤水盐运移和酶活性的动态变化,分别用质量法、残渣烘干法、电位法、靛酚蓝比色法测定各层土壤含水率、含盐量、pH和脲酶活性,分析其在不同冻融条件下的变化规律和相关性。研究表明,土壤深度是影响含水率、含盐量、pH、脲酶活性的主要因素之一:20~50cm土层的水分和盐分不断向上层运移,使表层含盐量和pH升高,且水、盐之间具有显著的相关性,说明水分运移在一定程度上决定了盐分的运移;除10~20cm土层脲酶活性略有升高外,其他各层脲酶活性出现不同程度的降低。冻融过程中含水率、含盐量、pH均与脲酶活性呈现显著的相关性,脲酶活性是冻融次数、温度、含盐量、pH、有机质等多种因素共同作用的结果。因此,冻融作用在引起或加重水田表层土壤盐碱化方面起到至关重要的作用,冻融作用降低了土壤脲酶的活性,进而会影响土壤的肥力。 相似文献
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冻融期土壤水盐变化特征分析——以黑河上游祁连县阿柔草场为例 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
冻融作用是土地盐碱化的形成机制之一,对冻融区春季积盐有明显的控制作用.在冻融过程中,土壤剖面结构发生变异,形成冻结层、似冻结层和非冻结层.以祁连山黑河上游阿柔草场为例,研究了解冻期土壤水盐运移变化特征.阿柔草场隶属青海祁连山地区,地处西北高寒地区,为季节性冻土区,大面积土壤经历冬冻春融的冻融循环.这种循环引起了土壤中水分和盐分运移的特殊规律,即冻结时土壤中的水分和盐分向冻层迁移,使得冻层的土壤含盐量明显增加;而融化时,由于地表蒸发,土壤中的水分和盐分又向地表强烈迁移,从而造成盐分在地表积聚,诱发盐分两次抬升. 相似文献
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通过研究土壤盐分的空间变异,快速准确获取土壤盐分的空间分布是精准农业和环境保护的基础。使用土壤电导率仪(PET2000)网格法在50 m×70 m面积的田块内布点(网格边长5 m),测量棉田表层土壤(0~25 cm深度,每5 cm为一层)电导率;应用ArcGIS9.2中地统计学模块构建、筛选和验证模型;利用地统计学方法研究表层土壤盐分的空间变异规律,进行空间分布预测,并针对棉田表层积盐问题提出了相应的解决措施。结果表明:克里格(Kriging)插值方法中的Rational Quadratic模型适宜预测表层土壤电导率,区内棉田表层盐分的空间变异特征明显,变异系数达到0.578,土壤盐分的空间变异性随深度增大逐渐降低;产生空间变异的主要原因是土壤岩性的空间差异和微咸水灌溉;解决棉田局部积盐的措施是根据土壤盐分空间差异特征的分析与预测进行适时定位灌溉,从而合理利用水资源并改善作物生长环境。 相似文献
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为掌握科尔沁草甸地冻融期土壤水、热、盐迁移规律,以科尔沁左翼后旗阿古拉生态水文试验站2013年10月—2014年5月土壤冻融期实测气象、土壤等数据为基础,用统计分析法对研究区草甸地冻融期土壤温度、水分、盐分的变化规律进行了分析。结果表明:气温对土壤剖面温度的影响随着土壤深度的增加而降低,土壤剖面温度变化滞后于气温变化的时间取决于气温升降幅度,且没有显著的规律;由于气温回升速度大于降温速度,导致土壤消融速度比冻结速度快;土壤冻结过程由表层向下进行,冻结温度与土壤含盐量呈负相关关系,用温度的线性内插法准确确定草甸地于2014年3月9日达到最大冻深104 cm;土壤消融时受地下暖土层热流和地表温度双重影响,由底部向地表和由地表向冻结层进行双向消融;地下水位埋深较浅,受土壤冻融作用影响,升降趋势显著;草甸地土壤冻结期盐分向地表积聚,并于2月达到最大,后经消融及雨水淋润作用开始下降;冻融期盐分变异性大于水分变异性,说明盐分的运移过程更为复杂。 相似文献
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由于昼夜温度交替变化,盐渍土地区的沥青混凝土路面易发生冻融破坏,影响沥青路面的使用性能.采用冻融劈裂试验,以冻融劈裂抗拉强度和冻融腐蚀因子评价沥青混凝土在氯盐侵蚀下强度的变化规律.结果表明:经过氯盐侵蚀冻融循环后,沥青混凝土的冻融劈裂抗拉强度明显下降;而且随着冻融次数的增加,其冻融劈裂抗拉强度下降的幅度增大.冻融腐蚀因子也呈现同样的变化规律,氯盐浓度越高,对沥青混凝土冻融劈裂抗拉强度和冻融腐蚀因子影响也越大.试验研究结果为盐分地区沥青路面结构设计提供科学依据. 相似文献
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不同冻结方式下盐渍土水盐重分布规律的试验研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
土体的冻融历史在土体的冻胀预报和评估的作用不可忽略,不同的冻结方式将影响土体中的水盐重分布及干密度的变化差异。选择土样底端温度相同情况下的单向冻结、正弦波曲线冻融循环和负温循环冻结3种冻结作用模式,对青藏高原铁路沿线红色粉质黏土进行了试验研究,分析了3种冻结模式下土体的冻胀量的变化、水分和盐分的重分布状况以及土体干密度的变化规律,试验结果表明单向冻结过程由于冰的自净作用,阻止了盐分的迁移;土体周期冻融循环后变形具有不可累加性,盐分在随水分发生对流迁移的同时会发生由浓度梯度诱导的扩散迁移;在冻融作用下,土体的压密变形是客观存在的,即体现了冻融对该试验条件下土体结构的强化作用 相似文献
8.
高寒冻土地区草甸草地生态系统的能量-水分平衡分析 总被引：9，自引：5，他引：4
为了揭示青藏高原高寒地区土壤冻融过程对地表植被大气三者之间能量水分循环的影响, 在青藏高原风火山左冒孔流域(长江源)开展了不同植被盖度条件下冻土活动层水热状态的野外观测(在30%、 60%、 90%的草甸盖度下观测分层土壤水分及温度)和相关试验. 选取考虑了积雪、植被覆盖及枯枝落叶层对土壤冻融影响的水热盐分耦合模型SHAW为动力学约束模型, 进行参数率定及其模拟计算. 结果表明: 青藏高原地气间的能量交换主要受冻土、植被生长和地表土壤含水量的影响, 并且呈明显的季节性变化;未退化高寒草甸草地对青藏高原冻土具有明显的隔热保温作用, 可以降低冻土对气候变化的响应. 在土壤活动层冻结过程期间, 土壤水分具有向表层和深层两向分流汇聚的特征, 植被覆盖变化对水分运移通量有明显影响. 相似文献
9.
2003年10月11日渤海湾沧州范围内发生特大温带风暴潮,其摧毁沿岸养殖场后涌向沿海农田区域,海水倒灌农田浸泡持续时间达10~15 d不等。2004年5月3日,对浸泡农田土壤采样进行盐分分析,结果表明,经海水浸泡后农田全部盐碱化,且盐分主要聚集在土壤表层;46%的土地出现碱斑,0~90 cm土体内土壤含盐量较浸泡前普遍增加,0~10 cm表层含盐量高达1.134%;浸泡后0~25 cm土体内含盐离子组成较之浸泡前有显著变化,Cl－含量增加了33.3%,Na++K+含量增加了39.4%;降雨淋溶可以使土壤盐分含量明显下降,且为主要影响因素;经过一年后,土壤盐分含量降低到0.308%,而两年后,受灾土壤盐分含量降低到0.265%左右,可以种植耐盐性较强的作物。 相似文献
10.
为了研究氯盐侵蚀和冻融循环耦合下水泥土无侧限抗压强度和破坏特征, 进行了不同浓度氯化钠溶液下的水泥土冻融循环试验, 得到了冻融前后的冻融腐蚀因子、 体积变化率和变形模量, 分析了微观结构特征。结果表明： 在氯盐侵蚀和冻融循环耦合下, 水泥土的无侧限抗压强度、 冻融腐蚀因子均随着冻融循环次数的增加而呈现下降趋势; 氯盐浓度越高, 水泥土的无侧限抗压强度、 冻融腐蚀因子下降的幅度越大。随着冻融循环次数的增加, 在同种浓度溶液中, 水泥土的体积变化率增大, 变形模量减小; 氯盐浓度增大, 水泥土体积膨胀变大, 内部结构松散, 抵抗变形的能力减弱。相同冻融循环次数下, 氯盐溶液产生的损伤要大于清水中的损伤, 随着氯盐溶液浓度的增加, 水泥土内部微观结构损伤越严重。 相似文献
11.
Emily Keeble David I. Whiteside Michael J. Benton 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2018,129(2):99-119
Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco. 相似文献
12.
Gilles Serge Odin 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2002,334(6):409-414
Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414. 相似文献
13.
The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H2O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H2O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species. 相似文献
14.
Muriel Rocher Stéphane Baize Stéphane Jaillet Edward Marc Cushing Yannick Lozac&#x;h Francis Lemeille 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2003,335(8):701-708
Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ1 roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003). 相似文献
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正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level 相似文献
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正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7), 相似文献
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正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci- 相似文献
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正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli- 相似文献
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正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.) 相似文献