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Variation Characteristics of Regional Synchronous Wind in Hami, Xinjiang of Northwest China 
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下载免费PDF全文 From several towers in Hami, Xinjiang of Northwest China, built by the national wind power resources professional observation network, we selected three towers with synchronous 10-min average wind speed data for one year(May 2011–April 2012) under strict quality control. The towers are located where large-scale wind power development is projected. We analyzed the frequency and variation of extreme wind speed at low wind condition(LWC), rated wind condition(RWC), and cut-out wind condition(CWC), which may significantly impact the electric power grid configuration in large-scale wind power development. The correlation between duration and frequency of LWC/RWC/CWC is obtained. Major findings are: 1) The frequency of CWC is the lowest among all conditions, its synchronous rate at all three towers tends to be zero, and the frequency of LWC is always greater than that of RWC. 2) Among the three towers, the synchronous rate of RWC steadily increases with height, and LWC differs little between different levels. The synchronous rate of LWC concentrates in winter, while that of RWC mainly occurs in spring and summer.Diurnal variation of LWC/RWC during the entire year is significantly different. 3) During the study year,the longest durations of synchronous LWC and RWC among the three towers are up to 640 and 700 min,respectively. The duration and frequency of LWC/RWC can be quantitatively well described by a logarithmic function. Consequently, the synchronous rates of LWC and RWC over any duration in the region can be easily calculated by using the fitting function equation from observed data. These results are of value to the planning of large-scale wind power transmission and grid dispatching in this area. 相似文献
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Observations of nocturnal slope flow have been made at two sites with quite different topography and vegetation. In both cases, continuous measurements of wind and temperature profiles were made from towers that extended through the depth of the katabatic flow. At the simpler site, which approximates a tilted plane, three towers were located at different distances down the slope to measure the development of slope flow with downslope distance.Slope flow depth, downslope wind speed, and temperature deficit are found to change with downslope distance at rates that are consistent with the predictions of Manins and Sawford's (1979) layer-averaged model of slope flow, while measured entrainment rates are found to be comparable to those predicted by Ellison and Turner's (1959) laboratory experiments. The depth of slope flow is found to be roughly 0.05 times the vertical drop from the top of the slope, a relationship that also follows from combining Manins and Sawford's model and Ellison and Turner's laboratory data. Analysis of the wind spectra and a simple numerical model suggest that the turbulent kinetic energy profiles in slope flow are dependent on the speed and direction of the ambient wind and can differ substantially from those found over flat terrain. At the more complex of the two measurement sites, the occurrence of slope flow was found to correlate well with a dimensionless number 5 that is a function of the ridge-top wind speed and of the strength and depth of the inversion and that is an estimate of the ratio of the buoyancy deficit to the external horizontal pressure gradient.Prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-AC06-76RLO 1830 相似文献
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利用NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料,采用中尺度模式MM5及诊断风场模型CALMET,对2009年6月—2010年5月甘肃省酒泉地区风能资源进行了数值模拟研究。结果表明,远离山体且地势平坦的地区,模拟的风速与实测风速的误差较小,地形复杂的地区误差偏大。用于对比的10座风塔中有7座在70m高度处的相对误差基本在10%以内,3座相对误差稍大但都在20%以内。风速和风功率密度的季节变化在春季最大,冬、秋季次之,夏季最小。这种季节变化与地形地势及所受的天气系统有密切联系。在酒泉地区随着高度的增加,风速逐渐加大;在河西走廊西端和酒泉北部等海拔较低的地区风速随高度增加的趋势尤为明显。通过对模拟年度风速误差的分析,得到模拟年度在酒泉地区属于大风年,若分析酒泉地区多年平均风况,还需要对模拟结果进行订正。 相似文献
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Instrumented wind towers are used to measure the three components of wind about a simulated block building. The mean horizontal wind profiles over the building are compared with wind profiles measured in the absence of the building and the wind speed deficit in the wake of the building is correlated.Horizontal mean wind speeds measured in the natural atmospheric boundary layer with and without the presence of a simulated building show excellent reproducibility and agreement with fundamental concepts of fluid mechanics. The data possess all the characteristic features reported from wind-tunnel studies of building flows. In the present study the turbulence intensity is of the order of 20% in the undisturbed flow whereas the free stream turbulence intensity of wind-tunnel studies is generally not more than 5%. The effect of smaller averaging periods and the structure of the turbulence will be reported at a later time.The velocity profiles measured in the undisturbed flow zones support the representation of a neutrally stable atmospheric boundary layer with a logarithmic wind profile. 相似文献
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WindSim软件在复杂地形风电场风能资源评估中的应用 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
复杂地形的风能资源评估研究对于风电事业的发展具有极为重要的意义。作者利用基于计算流体力学(CFD)方法的风能资源评估系统软件WindSim对我国复杂地形新疆托克逊县境内某风电场2007年的风资源情况进行了模拟,并将模拟结果与测风塔观测结果进行对比分析。模拟结果表明,WindSim软件对我国复杂地形地区平均风速的模拟能力比较好,10m、40 m、50 m、70 m高度的月平均风速的平均相对误差分别是12.91%、10.21%、9.68%、12.91%。同时,WindSim软件不仅可以较为准确地模拟出该区域2007年的主导风向,而且对该年的有效风速频率的模拟效果也很好。此风电场风能资源模拟试验说明,该地区具有十分丰富的可供开发利用的风能资源,进一步说明WindSim软件对我国复杂地形地区的风能资源评估工作具有很好的参考和应用价值。 相似文献
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Long-Term Profiles of Wind and Weibull Distribution Parameters up to 600 m in a Rural Coastal and an Inland Suburban Area 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Sven-Erik Gryning Ekaterina Batchvarova Rogier Floors Alfredo Peña Burghard Brümmer Andrea N. Hahmann Torben Mikkelsen 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2014,150(2):167-184
An investigation of the long-term variability of wind profiles for wind energy applications is presented. The observations consists of wind measurements obtained from a ground-based wind lidar at heights between 100 and 600 m, in combination with measurements from tall meteorological towers at a flat rural coastal site in western Denmark and at an inland suburban area near Hamburg in Germany. Simulations with the weather research and forecasting numerical model were carried out in both forecast and analysis configurations. The scatter between measured and modelled wind speeds expressed by the root-mean-square error was about 10 % lower for the analysis compared to the forecast simulations. At the rural coastal site, the observed mean wind speeds above 60 m were underestimated by both the analysis and forecast model runs. For the inland suburban area, the mean wind speed is overestimated by both types of the simulations below 500 m. When studying the wind-speed variability with the Weibull distribution, the shape parameter was always underestimated by the forecast compared to both analysis simulations and measurements. At the rural coastal site although the measured and modelled Weibull distributions are different their variances are nearly the same. It is suggested to use the shape parameter for climatological mesoscale model evaluation. Based on the new measurements, a parametrization of the shape parameter for practical applications is suggested. 相似文献
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影响测风塔代表性的因素很多,为了合理地确定测风塔观测结果能够代表的区域范围,需要通过适当的方法综合考虑这些因素。湍流通量代表性研究中常用的印痕函数是风速、稳定度、下垫面粗糙度等的函数,可以定量地刻画单点观测结果的代表性。利用印痕函数方法对中国风能资源观测网中来自不同下垫面的44个测风塔2010年的观测结果进行了测风塔资料的代表性分析。首先,根据两层(10、70 m)的风速和温度计算稳定度参数Lp并确定中性层结,粗糙度的计算选取了中性层结条件下满足对数风廓线的资料。然后,利用中性层结下70 m高度主导风向和风向频率较大方位的资料分析了两种印痕函数方法(Schuepp和Hsieh方法)的适用性及代表性范围与粗糙度的关系。两种方法得到的印痕函数对应距离(即代表性范围)比较接近。但是,在复杂山地Schuepp方法已不适用。当粗糙度小于10 m时,粗糙度与印痕函数对应距离的关系可用对数-线性函数描述。根据经验推荐了利用印痕函数积分90%对应的距离以及下垫面显著变化位置来确定测风塔代表范围。但是,印痕函数积分阈值仍需要通过示踪实验或数值模拟检验。 相似文献
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Nathan E. Miller Rob Stoll Walter F. Mahaffee Eric R. Pardyjak 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2017,165(1):113-143
Flow physics is investigated in a two-dimensional trellised agricultural canopy to examine that architecture’s unique signature on turbulent transport. Analysis of meteorological data from an Oregon vineyard demonstrates that the canopy strongly influences the flow by channelling the mean flow into the vine-row direction regardless of the above-canopy wind direction. Additionally, other flow statistics in the canopy sub-layer show a dependance on the difference between the above-canopy wind direction and the vine-row direction. This includes an increase in the canopy displacement height and a decrease in the canopy-top shear length scale as the above-canopy flow rotates from row-parallel towards row-orthogonal. Distinct wind-direction-based variations are also observed in the components of the stress tensor, turbulent kinetic energy budget, and the energy spectra. Although spectral results suggest that sonic anemometry is insufficient for resolving all of the important scales of motion within the canopy, the energy spectra peaks still exhibit dependencies on the canopy and the wind direction. These variations demonstrate that the trellised-canopy’s effect on the flow during periods when the flow is row-aligned is similar to that seen by sparse canopies, and during periods when the flow is row-orthogonal, the effect is similar to that seen by dense canopies. 相似文献
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随着风电事业的发展,复杂地形下的风资源模拟成为一项重要的课题。利用广东沿海某海岛南部9个测风塔共22个测风高度的完整一年的测风资料及该海岛高分辨率的数字地形资料,采用地理空间因子的多元回归法进行风资源的微尺度模拟并与WASP软件的计算结果进行了比较。结果表明：（1）年平均风速与地理空间因子存在显著的相关关系;（2）模拟的年平均风速平均相对误差为3.2%,年平均风功率密度的平均相对误差为3.5%;（3）经假设检验,对无测站的地点的年平均风速模拟效果良好;（4）该方法和WASP软件计算的风资源大值区分布基本一致。 相似文献
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本研究利用四川省会理县测风塔短期2012年2月1日~2013年1月31日期间的70m高度实测逐时数据,经会理和会东气象观测站1981年1月~2010年12月共计30年的风速逐时数据采用长年代法订正推算后,对会理县该研究区域风能资源参数进行计算。结果表明:该区域风能资源应用于并网风力发电分别为“很好”和“好”的等级,具有较好开发潜力;风能和风向较为集中,有利于风机布设;测风塔地处高海拔地形较为平坦的山脊地带,不占用耕地,临近公路,气候较为温和,利于风电场修建。 相似文献
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Jaroslav Svoboda Zuzana Chladova Lukas Pop Jiri Hosek 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2013,112(3-4):713-722
The present study describes a new method for statistical-dynamical downscaling that combines two different approaches, namely, a set of patterns simulated with a numerical flow model and a transformation function used to process both calculated data and measurements at a reference station. The combined method produces wind roses and wind speed histograms at an arbitrary location in the model domain. The inflow wind direction represented the key parameter to define a set of wind field simulations. The other two inflow parameters, namely, thermal stratification and geostrophic wind speed, were derived from corresponding averaged soundings. The results showed that in the Czech Republic, there are areas where wind roses are deformed by the surrounding terrain. The deformations occur in relatively shallow and wide valleys, and they are more sensitive to the inflow wind direction. Calculated wind roses are compared to corresponding observations at 22 synoptic stations. The most frequent wind direction sector in simulations agreed with measurements at 17 stations. The resulting error in frequency in that sector was under 5 % at 10 stations. In general, the main features of the wind roses are modelled well, even at a relatively large distance from the reference station. However, better performance was achieved for smaller distances between reference station and the site. In further studies, a more extensive set of flow patterns with reduced intervals of thermal stratification and wind speed will likely improve calculated wind roses. 相似文献
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A wind-tunnel investigation of the wind speed and turbulence characteristics close to the ground over various escarpment shapes 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
A wind-tunnel investigation of the wind flow over two-dimensional forward-facing escarpments is reported as part of a continuing research programme into the effects of local topography on the wind flow close to the ground. Four sharp-edged escarpments with their slopes varying between a cliff and a 4:1 gradient, were placed normal to a simulated neutrally-stable rural boundary layer which was modelled to a scale of 1:300. The resulting flows close to the surfaces of the escarpments were measured with a hot-wire anemometer. The modifications to the mean wind speed, turbulence intensity and energy spectra over the escarpments are described. The results indicate the extent and magnitude of the modification to the flow and suggest that significant changes in turbulence characteristics only occur in the wake region close behind the crest, where a shift of energy to higher frequencies is evident. 相似文献
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永暑礁夏季风期间海气要素的谱特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文通过南沙群岛永暑礁海洋气象观测站1989年夏季（5—8月）的海气要素功率谱和交叉谱分析，得出气象要素变化普遍存在30—40天和15.38天两种低频波；对于这两种低频波，海平面气压与海面风速两要素有显著的相关，风速的变化落后于气压0.34天（30—40天振荡）和0.68天（准双周振荡）；低云量与风速也有显著的相关，30—40天振荡风速落后于低云量0.86天，准双周振荡风速超前于云量0.37天。表层水温也具有准双周振荡规律，与低云量有显著相关，且落后低云量0.47天。 相似文献
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为更好理解沿海区域近地面风速衰减规律及其内在机制并获取适用于业务观测风速数据的分析方法,通过引入内边界层厚度的发展机理,推导获得风速随离岸距离变化的数学解析拟合式。结合浙江省温州市境内一沿海区域6个自动气象站2014—2019年逐时风速观测数据应用该拟合式分析了风速随离岸距离的关系,结果表明不管是逐时风速还是逐日最大风速,其平均值均与离岸距离有着良好的负相关,并发现其衰减系数与风速有着密切关系。向岸流及离岸流的风速衰减特性均可以结合该拟合式用线性及幂数律拟合来体现,但后者可以更好地解释风速随离岸距离变化特征,并在较大风速(3~10 m/s)向岸流的背景条件下,获得合理可信的分析结果,说明该方法可以适用于近海岸区域风速观测数据的应用研究。 相似文献
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利用辽宁省典型地形26座测风塔和6个同期气象站的逐时风速实测数据,采用不同时间尺度（月、季、年）的线性拟合并结合风切变指数拟定7个方案重构测风塔缺测风速数据,并对各拟定重构方案进行误差检验。结果表明：辽宁省典型地形测风塔缺测数据重构主要以季节尺度的线性拟合及其结合风切变指数的两个方案（方案3和方案7）为最优方案,且上述两个方案的空间分布具有区域性特征,其中,辽宁北部的平原和丘陵、辽宁东南部的沿海平原和沿海丘陵主要以方案7为最优方案,辽宁西部的丘陵和山地主要以方案3为最优方案,个别地区以方案1或方案4为最优方案。温带大陆性季风气候区所具有的季节性风速变化和固有的地形地势特征及其对风切变指数的影响,是辽宁省典型地形测风塔缺测数据重构最优方案空间分布呈区域性特征的主要成因。 相似文献
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Results of flow visualization, and the mean temperature measurements over a physically modelled three-dimensional heat island in a wind tunnel capable of simulating stratified atmospheric boundary layers are presented. Concentration measurements of Kr85 released from an upwind two-dimensional continuous line source show good correlation with flow visualization and mean temperature distributions. The results indicate the unique features of three-dimensional flow over a heat island - lateral low-level convergence, upward vertical motions, and upper-level horizontal divergence. 相似文献
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利用山东省沿海测风塔70 m高度完整1 a的观测资料计算分析风能资源参数特征.结果表明：山东沿海地区平均风速与有效风功率密度分布特征相似,烟台沿海区域平均风速及有效风功率密度最大分别达到6.7 m/s、463.5 W/m2,沿海北部地区风能资源最为丰富,日照地区最少;受海陆风作用,春季风能资源最好,其次是冬季,夏季最差,风速最大值基本出现在14-16时;年有效风能时数及百分率分别为7 440 h、85%;风能密度分布基本以偏北或偏南方位较大.沿海区域风能资源分布特征与长年代评估结果及数值模拟结果基本一致. 相似文献